Ancient Chinese agriculture has achieved brilliant technical achievements，It is also condensed into a comprehensive and systematic ethical specification。Agricultural ethics is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese ancestors，Not only participating in writing the historical scrolls of ancient Chinese agriculture，It still promotes the harmonious coexistence of the ancestors and nature to a large extent。

　bet365 Play online games The so -called adaptation to the heavens and the earth，is "Shun Tian Shi" and "Finding the Land"。Specifically，"Shuntian Time" refers to conforming to nature，For example, "spring and summer growth，Autumn and Winter Collection "and" Plant Rice Planting Rice "after the Winter Solstice"，Or a summary or specific，All the specific performances of "Shun Tian Shi"。"It is appropriate to the place" refers to the measurement of the land and actively follow it，The so -called "southern breed japonica、Glutinous，North Seed Mai、Su "and" wheat should be lower field "" (rice) to choose the land to be closer "，or macro or micro，All the specific performance of "reasonable place"。In ancient times, "Book of Pan Wins", "Qi Min Yao Shu" to "Book of Nong", "Wang Yannong Book"，Then go to "Nong's Word", "Zhiben Outline"，Almost every agricultural book will focus on emphasizing and fully implementing this idea。Fundamental speaking，Shuntian and Earth should be an ethical concept with the basic ideas in response to nature。

Of course，The planting activities of the ancient Chinese are not blindly Bet365 lotto review emphasizing conformity and cause follow，Instead, it emphasizes the initiative of playing people。This involves another main point of ancient Chinese planting ethics -to do its best。"Knowing the Outline" said: "The power of the spring of the spring, the power of the autumn。"The so -called manual，Of course, the meaning of this layer of the time and the earth is in line with the heavens and the earth，But the most important thing is to actively improve the conditions that are conducive to crop growth。Specifically，Including actively optimizing the cultivation system and planting technology，Actively improve production tools、Construction of water conservancy facilities，Especially actively turning the soil、Weeding、Irrigation、Fertilization and other field management。One of the main manifestations of the manual is the details of refinement。Fundamental speaking，Manic is a ethical concept that is created as the fundamental orientation。

　　Ancient Chinese animal breeding emphasizes the heart of love."The Book of Agriculture" cloud: "Husband and Herdist，Must prophet the heart of love，The meaning of slow and easy。"The Way of Love", "Caring for Maintenance", "Notice Treasure Love", etc.，All the ways of animal care emphasized by agricultural books in the past。The most loved by the cattle cultivated the most，"View of the hunger of the cow，Hungry and Thoughts of Jehn。Vision of the Cattle's Barcard，Utah's poor bitterness and barren "。Other ravioli animals are also concerned，For example, raising horses pay attention to endless power，Sheep -raising hinged hair to take milk to make the lamb not damaged with lambs，Pigs must be covered with a factory shed to avoid snow and snow，Bettering poultry construction 窠 should be frightened by the invasion，Even nourishing silkworms advocate the heart of silkworm mother to have love。

The ancestors are more inclined to grazing and looseness for livestock and poultry，instead of giving up feeding。Sheep is mainly shepherd，"Early spring and summer，autumn and winter night "，Only when the winter cold is impatient or the grass is not born。Cows have to be used for more than a year in most days，Even if the farmers are busy, they must create opportunities to furnish。Although pigs cannot only be fed，But as long as the condition is allowed, it is grazing，"Spring and summer grass，Grassy at any time。... eight、Nine、October，Put it without feeding "。poultry is scattered，In the design of "Qi Min Yao Shu"，Each chicken is more than one square meter。

The ancient Chinese advocated the continuous use of breeding animals，Emphasize that the ability to continue to provide products or services for continuous product or services will be reduced due to people's claims。For example, only adult individual，Pig、Chicken、Duck、Goose and even fish must grow after it grows。Battle and horses can stop，"Don't be busy due to farmers，Try to do it for a while "。Cut the honey cut only "the remaining of the bee"。Niu Yang's milk must not starve to death，"In three points，Stay a point，To the Lao Cat "。

The ancients projected the physical thoughts of the people on the breeding animals，At the same time, it also reflects Guan Ai。Love Heavier、Pramented and continuous use，In fact, the life of the breeding object is allowed，It is a provider that treats animals as life rather than just meat and force。This reflects the observance and cooperation of the ancients and animals。

　　Ancient Chinese wild animals and plants can be divided into harvest、Hunting、Fishing -catching three types of activities，The ancestors have formulated a series of ethical specifications in these three aspects。Demonstration requirements do not cut "蘖 蘖"，That is, the young trees and the new branches of the buds，For example, "Mandarin · Lu Yu" is cloudy: "Mountain does not，Zebuluta。"The ancestors also asked to cut off the time，means to cut off the grass and trees to pay attention to the season，such as "Tuzi · Eight Views" has a cloud: "Although the mountains and forests are wide，Beauty of the grass and trees，Sometimes forbidden hair。"" For the specific time for banned and issued，Roughly speaking, it is a ban in spring and summer，Starting from September。In addition, the mulberry tree and jujube trees are prohibited，It is believed that the salary of salary is "Fall for forgetting the end of the year，Delivery of one day "behavior。

Hunting must "hunter without burning forests"，Do not hunt the beast by burning the habitat;，Do not catch the whole group of birds and beasts and "open the net"; but also "do not cover the nest"，Do not "cover the nest and break the ovary"。The hunter must "not" "not to kill the fetus"，That is, the young cricket cannot be killed，and uns born larvae and pregnancy mothers; bird hunters must "not egg" and "not 鷇"，That is, do not eat bird eggs and hunting chicks。Hunting is also spoken for ban，Generally, hunting is prohibited in spring and summer，You can hunt beasts in about September，7、August can only hunt poultry。

Fishing catcher first requires "not to fish but fish"。It is also required to "forbidden pregnancy" and "forbidden 鲲 鲕"，It is prohibited from fishing fish and small fish that bet365 best casino games have not grown up。How to ban 鲕 in real operation? "Number of 洿 罟，Do not use fine fishing nets to fish。The relevant specifications related to this also "Fish is not enough to eat"。Fishing catcher is also specifically forbidden，"薮"。Specifically，Summer is generally a ban period，Autumn may be allowed to fish appropriately，Some historical books still have the record of "Fishing" in December or the first month of the first month。

The ancestors formulate the ethics specifications of fishing and hunting，Direct purpose is "to become long"，Prevent the use of wild animals and plants to use unscrupulous use。This approach is not only protected and not available，Instead of seeking sustainable use，The so -called "Fish Youtong and the People are more than useful" and "Shanlin is not child and the people have the remaining materials"。can be considered，"Yongyou Yu" is its purpose。

　　Agricultural ethics has in addition to production ethics and operating ethics.The ethical principles of ancient China in the scale of agricultural operations are "rather than good，Not evil "。Its language comes from "Qi Min Yao Shu"，It means that you need to do your best to operate the field，It is better to have less better，Not a variety of thin collection。It can also be said，I would rather make a small scale refinement，Not large -scale extensive operation。Of course, this kind of thought is not only seen in "Qi Min Yao Shu"，From "Lu's Spring and Autumn · Shangnong" in the pre -Qin period to the "Wang Yannong Book", "Shen's Agricultural Book", and "Knowing the Outline" in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties，can be described as through all the ancient Chinese agricultural studies。The so -called "less good" scale，About a farmhouse Yingtian "Hundred Presses"，Equivalent to today's 27-29 acres。

The ethical principles in the types of agricultural operations are "cultivating mulberry trees and animals，Both of them "。This language comes from Yang Yan in the Qing Dynasty，means that farming should operate farming at the same time、Sang、Tree、Four aspects of animals。Yang Yan also further explained: "Plow on food，Sang Yitai，Trees are out of the house、Equipment、Fruit and Vegetable，Animals prepare for farming and multiply、Meat Ointment。"It was not formed by it late to the Qing Dynasty，In the literature such as "Zhou Li", "Guanzi", "Mencius", and "Hanshu", there are clear reflections，It can be said that it is generally existed in various historical periods。This kind of business ethics also has a considerable degree of consistency with the reality of ancient Chinese agriculture，Some studies have shown that the types of agricultural operations of small farmers in the Qin and Han dynasties include food、Mulberry、Vegetable、Livestock and poultry、Tree。Tao Yuanming Shiyun "More than ten acres of Fangzhai，Baduki House。Yuliu Yin back garden，Tao Li Luotang。暧 远 Village，Smoke in Yiyi Market。Dog Bark Deep Lane，Chicken Mulberry Tree Top "，It also depicts similar scenes。

Ancient Chinese agricultural ethics thought was developed from the context of ancient Chinese small agricultural society。Although small farmers have become history，But the unsustainable ecology of modern industrialization agriculture is prominent，Development of ecological agriculture becomes a topic of the times。The ancient Chinese did not have the ecological theory of the people today，But in fact practicing the simple ecological concept。bet365 live casino games sort out and explain the ancient Chinese agricultural ethics thoughts，is to emphasize traditional value，Looking forward to its new form、New appearance helps the development of future agriculture。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the "Research on the Research on Ancient Chinese Agricultural Ethics Thought" of the National Social Science Fund Youth Project、Associate Professor of Philosophy of Heilongjiang University)