Content summary:In early modern Europe，Although the judicial system theoretically provides people with a way to resolve disputes，But actually，High fees and complex procedures limit their ability to access justice。Simplifying legal procedures and reducing costs are keys to meeting people’s judicial needs。The complexity of calculating litigation rates in early modern Europe was highlighted by differences in written and oral procedures。Reforms introduced during the French Revolution aimed at solving the problem of people's judicial needs not being met，But its impact varies by region and the specific reforms implemented。Reducing litigation costs through simplified procedures has greatly increased the number of lawsuits，This shows that legal barriers have limited access to justice。The institutional and judicial diversity of early modern Europe，and 17、The interest of administrators and legislators in improving access to justice in the 18th century，Illustrating the complex interplay between legal reform and bet365 coupon code needs。Although from the 16th to the 18th century，Reduced litigation volume in some areas，But understand the broader litigation patterns across Europe，Further research is needed。

Jeremy Hayhoe,Professor, Department of History and Geography, University of Moncton, Canada，The research direction is French legal history and economic and bet365 coupon code history in the 18th century，Author of "Strangers and Neighbors: Rural Migration in Eighteenth-Century Northern Burgundy" (2016), etc.。

Email: bet365 coupon codehayhoe@umoncton.ca

Translated by Zhao Jialin