Stuck in the collection of books is one of the traditional collection of traditional collection of traditional collection。Use of ancient Chinese seals，Early origin。Western Han Dynasty，Private seals have appeared。For the credit for credit，I often cover my own seal。Chapters are usually engraved with names、Word、No.、Township、Ancestral home、Official position、Identification、Teaching、Warning、Notepad、Yanzhi and other content。Private book storage seal has been used at least in the Tang Dynasty，Ye Dehui said in "Shu Lin Qing Dian": "I have a memory of the ancients and the seal of the ancients，From Tang to recent times，Each has different，and the same is not the same。”

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Collection seal was originally the book owner in front of the book、After the book or in the book, stamp your own stamp，is the mark of the owner of the book，Over time, it has become a collection of books for collectors，The celebrities who like to collect books all have no like to seal on their own collection。Except for the name on the seal，Often there are other texts，Used to reflect the character and temperament of the book collector，Let readers feel interesting，Endless charm。

As a component of the ancient book，Book Seal also has the following important functions: First, the basis of the version of the book;，You can push the version of the version of the book。The second is to provide the clues of the identified version;，You can determine which collection system from this book。San can understand the source flow of the classics and the source bet365 best casino games flow。In addition，Tibetan printed itself also has its historical value and artistic value。

Song Dynasty，With the extensive use of carving printing，Collection Sun Sheng，The rise of the study of gold and stone seal，Collection and seal is popular，The collection of books has developed new development。The Tibetan chapter is gradually diverse，General literati、Most painters have the seal of self -use。But for various reasons，Document records of the Song Dynasty libraries that can be seen so far，Only a few houses。Take Fujian as an example。The seal of the book collector of Fujian Tibetan in the Song Dynasty，Seeing the records of Qinglu Xinyuan "Yigu Gu Tang Bao · Renewal" Vol.，Preface to the first year of the New Year's Day in the first month of Yewang,，Below Yingchuan two -character Dingyin，Jianyang Chen Fang Fang Yin。"Jianyang Chen Fangyin is a generous seal，Show the original of the Indian owner。

Fujian Tibetan bookmakers in the Ming Dynasty are very popular，Cultural connotation carried by the collection of books，Except for the original meaning of its credentials，It also presents a kind of spiritual emotion of private book。For example: Lin Hong's "Lin Hong's Seal"、Yang Rong's "Fang Zhigangzheng", "Loyal Filial Film", "Kansai descendants", "Jian'an Yang Rong", "Yang's Mian Ren"、Guo Tianzhong's "Holy Servant's Tibetan Seal", "Guo Zi", "Guo Jun's Seal", "Character Sergeant"、Xie Zhao and Zhejiang's "Jin'an Xie's Family Collection Book"、Xu Yan's "Xu Yan Private Printing", "Wei He", "Xu Yan Zhen", "Xu Xuan Tibetan Book"、Xu Tingshou's "Aofeng Square Collection"、Zhang Ye's "Jade Tower Collection"、Cao Xuezheng's "Shicang Garden Collection"，etc.。

To the Qing Dynasty，Fujian collector's use of the collection of bookmarks is getting stronger，Private bet365 Play online games book printing is more widely used，Its role has greatly exceeded the category of marking ownership。Broaden the content of the library seal，Complete connotation，Cultural images are more colorful，The seals of various names are endless。Some of the famous collectors in Fujian have several or even dozens of squares of collections，and enjoy it exclusively on this as a habit。For example: Jiang Yan's "Men's Chiang Jiang's III Collection", "Jiang Xiongchen once secretly hidden", "Jiang Xiongchen Collection", "Jiangzhong Jiang's Collection", "Jiang Xuanchen's Family in Fujian" " "Xuan Xuan", "Chen Xun", "Jiang Xiongchen once collected", "Xuanchen's"、Huang Yu's "Huang Yu Yan Seal", "Yu Yue", "Jinjiang Huang's Father and Son Collection Printing", "Wenling Huang Yumai's Tibetan Collection Print", "Chao Shuangge Tibetan Secretary", "Wenling Huang's Collection" " Huang Yuyin, who is not a Taoist, "" Thousands of Life Books "," Yu Yan "、Chen Baochen's "Chen's Gifang Book Tower Collection Seal", "Menchen County Chen's Ceremony Books Tibetan Books", "Chen Baochen from Fujian County", "Chen Baochen in Fujian County", "Sanshan Chen's Ceremony Book", "Reading Reading" Louzang Secretary "，etc.。

　　Seal category

Ancient Fujian collector's collection of collections and characteristics，It can be summarized as the following categories。

One，Enter printing with the basic situation of collectors。This is a more common Tibetan mark，The name of the book is engraved with the name of the book、Font size、Book Number or Library Building Number, etc.，Reflecting the basic function of the book ownership of the book collection。such as Huang Yu's "Huang Yu Yan Seal"、Lin Yan's "Lin Yan" and "Lin Yan's Seal"、Zheng Jie's "Zheng Jie's Seal"、Guo Baicang's "Chen Guo Bai Cang"、Xie Zhangye's "Zhang Ye Bet365 lotto review Yin" and so on，All surnames、name、Words or its combination into India; Yang Jun's "Lagerstroemia House"、Huang Zongyi’s "Left Drum and Right Banner Man" and so on，It is seal with a nickname。and Zhai No.、Room number or library building number is more printed，As Xie Zhangyi's "Gambling Village School"、Liang Zhangye's "Yellow Tower" and "East Garden"、Guo Baicang's "Qinquan Mountain Museum"、Gong Yitu's "Datong Tower Collection Seal" "Wushi Mountain House"、Yang Qingchen's "Xuexue Mountain House", etc.;、Li Jue and other combinations into print，As Yang Rong's "Jian'an Yang Rong"、Zheng Rulin's "Yongtai Zheng Ru", "Eight Fujian Rulin", "Yongtai Zheng Rulin Xue Shi", etc.。other，There is also the family of the library door、Official positions and other content combinations are composed of printing，Ru Bingzhang's "The Chapter of Guangling Taishou"、Lin Zexu's "Guan Jiang Huaihe Han", "Wu Yue Qin Chu Qi Liang Men", "Handong Festival Shuaijiang Zuozhong", etc.。

Its two，Enter printing with the appreciation logo of a collector。Appreciation chapters include two types of identification and reading and viewing。Some seals make a clear identification of the book status of the book，provides an exact basis for judging the book version of future generations，High value。Some reflect the reading and appreciation of books，There are more reading and viewing chapters，and diverse forms，Most of them are called "View", "Observation", "Trial", "Collection", "Secret", etc.。Ru Xu's "Xu Xun Zhen reward"、Li Yan's "Judu Hall Lilu Mountain Collection"、Lin Zexu's "Shao Mu Zeng Guan"、Liang Zhangye's "Liang Zhangye Appreciation Print", "Linglin True Award", "Forest Zeng Guan", etc.。Another means of "knotting" and "ink edge" fate，Such as Lin Changyu's "Renewal Bet365 lotto review Book House Chapters", "Minxian County Lindan Shiyuan Bookstore Search Tibetan", etc.。Some books are printed and printed，can also explain the value of the book version，Especially after the prestigious survey of famous artists，This book can become a fine school book，Its value is not the same as normal。As Jiang Yan's "Jiang Xiongchen once collected"、Lin Zexu's "Shao Mu Trial"、Xie Zhangzhang's "Gambling Village School", "Mei Ru Hand School", "Mei Ru Reading" and other chapters，All belong to the seal。

Its three，The leisure and elegant seal of the bookmaker。Many bookmakers take the collection of books、The leisure and elegance during the reading process condenses into a wonderful words，Easy to use、Lisian seal expressed，Reflecting the hobbies of collectors' aspirations，Makes the content of the Tibetan book more colorful。Such as Guo Baicang's "Hushan Passenger"、Lin Zexu's "Reading Dongguan View Cao Xitai"、Xiao Mengsong's "Side of the Book of Piano"。Daiming "Liu Pingshan Collection" before，There is a generous print of 36 words of Xiao Mengsong: "Famous Mountain Cottage，Xiao Ran live alone。Gateless car，Sitting with books。Shen Qi Pillow，I don't know about it。Towards the past，fun and feast as，Xiao Yanting Ming "，Expressing the fun in the hearts of the scholar。Some bookmakers borrow bookstakes to describe their books，Ru Li's "Eye Cloud Smoke", "Not Greedy", "Not Muting", "Hundreds of Books", "Guan Poverty", "Seeing Guests"、Lin Zexu's "Falling and Forgotten", "Willing to make the heart in the heart" and so on。

Four，Enter printing with Proverbs。Ancient collectors as many books like life，General secrets do not show people，The most words such as "descendants" and "descendants' guarantee" are the most，Also most bet365 live casino games representative。These are used to warn future generations to cherish books，Inheritance of the legacy of the ancestors，See the seal of the collection of books。Collection of books for the world，Yichuan Yong Chuan，This is the wish of most Tibetans，But in fact it is not practical enough。Private book collection several generations，After all, it will inevitably fall into the hands of others。Therefore，Some of the open -minded collectors believe that gathering will be scattered for a long time，No children and grandchildren，It's impossible for children and grandchildren to forever。So，The seal made by it is very common，Leave any room。As Jiang Yan's "Is the book once hid Jiang Xuanchen's Family"、Li Yan’s "Once at Li Lu Mountain"、Pan Deyu's "Once in Pan Deyu's Home"、Lin Hongnian ’s“ Zeng Tibetan Forestry Building ”、Lin Changyu's "Once in Lin Luo Ru" and other imprints，It shows that they have collected，but dare not expect the descendants and Sun Yongbao Yongchuan。This more enlightened idea，It is intended to warn future generations，Who does it fall?，All must be protected。In short，Whether it is "Yongbao" or "Zeng Zang"，All reflects the good wishes that the collector's cherished book cannot be brought away after all。

Its five，Enter the print with the content of the miscellaneous notes。Some time、Seal of Notes，Content miscellaneous，can be classified as a major category。Event I remember，Most of them are related to the experience of collectors。For example, the 24 words of Liang Zhangye's "Twenty Township, Thirty Deng, Forty, and Fifty Poster 60 Kai Government 70 Return to the Field" Collection，His life experience is accommodated in this square。Another example，Lin Changyu's "Xin Yannian was destroyed by the mobile bet365 Play online games buying Jinshi calligraphy and painting"，records the experience of its collection。

In short,，A book seal of Zhu Mo Xiang Ying，All of the deep connotations of ancient collectors、Aspirations、Book mentality and idleness。

　　(Author Unit: Library of Fujian Normal University)