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Archaeological new discoveries change historical cognition

February 24, 2020 04:59 Source: "China Social Sciences", February 24th, Issue 1871 author: Qiao Yu

　　In the distant "Beida Wilderness"，Fishing and hunting civilizations have settled thousands of years ago; in northern Shaanxi in the "Rongdi Land"，Shenmu Shiji site reveals the magnificent high stone city of the Central Plains，Large -scale god -faced stone carving shows the connection between the Liangzhu Culture of Liangzhu Culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River;，It is revealed that the changes in social organizations in the early days of China's early dynasties were revealed; Xiwu on the foothills of Zhongjiao Mountains shocked pure copper smelting ruins，Showing the magnificence of the Xiashang Dynasty's control of strategic resources; Zeng Guo, who was the Zeng Houyi bell in the stunning world, is actually with the country，6000 words of bronze inscription reveals its perception of "Yu" and "Xia";，Who is the owner of the Golden Crown and Golden Cup in the Dark Style?

　　January 10，"Archeology Forum of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences · New China Archaeological Discovery 2019" was held in Beijing，Announces six new China archeological discoveries in 2019。These new discoveries fully explain，Archeology can not only prove the history of the sanctuary，Can refresh our historical cognition。

　　4000 years ago, the fence of the wall from the square and round

　　Ximengzhuang Site is located in Ximeng Village South, Jiehe Town, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province，The total excavation area is 2500 square meters，Display a complete storage、The clear structure of bet365 best casino games Longshan Cultural Settlement。Wall、ringgling、room address、gray pit、Tomb、kiln site and pillar hole of a large number of houses，distribution rules，Self -Access，Formed a wall settlement。Settlement divided into two phases in the morning and evening，The interesting thing is，The early settlement was the early days of Longshan，The wall is square，10 houses found in the wall; the late settlement is a circular wall，Outside shallow ditch，34 houses in the wall。

　　This strange settlement form change from square and round，Treating an in -depth thinking of archaeologists on changes in the grassroots social structure of Longshan Times。Small area of Ximengzhuang site，For the daily site，There are no other relics around;，But lack of daily life utensils，It is speculated that the settlement may have special functions，It may also be a typical representative of grass -roots social organizations。

　　The earliest settlement of fishing and hunting civilization in the Nenjiang River Basin

　　Honghe Site is located in Honghe Village, Qiqihar area，Disposal about 1600 square meters，12 seats in Angangxi Culture in the late Neolithic era，Each area is between 40-105 square meters。The unearthed utensils include pottery、Stone、Bone、Corner、Gang and other textures，Tibetan pot、Diverse stones and shapes、Bone darts with exquisite craftsmanship。Complete utensil combination、room address、Tomb、ring，Angels Angangxi's cultural appearance。Rectangular houses have architectural features in the cold and snowy area in the north。

　　Discovery of the Honghe site，It is the Archaeological bet365 Play online games Research Research and the Economic and Social Development Research of the Nenjiang River Basin from the late Nine Basin New Stone Age to the Shangwan Week period，Provided rare physical information。The emergence of the ring 的，Use of large house address，Explain that the late fishing and hunting civilization in the new stone era of the Nenjiang River Basin already exists in the settlement mode，The history of social development in Heilongjiang Basin was rewritten。

　　"Pyramid" of "Rong Di"

　　Shi Ji Site is located in East，from Huangcheng Terrace、Inner cities and outer cities three parts，The urban area is more than 4 million square meters。The slope -to -slope wall wall around the imperial city，Forming a flat -top pyramid structure，The highest part of the wall is 70 meters，Wei is spectacular，was the largest Gongcheng building in East Asia at that time。

　　A large -scale building table foundation was found in the eastern part of the Taiping.，There are more than 70 exquisite stone carvings on its southern wall，The content is God Noodles、Human Noodles、God Beast、Animals and symbols, etc.，The largest stone carving length is 2.6 meters，Expressing the inheritance relationship with Liangzhu culture，It has high similarity as the image of Longshan and Hou Shijiahe cultural jade in the same period，For the later Xia Dynasty Erli turquoise "Dragon"，Even the artistic ideas and decoration styles of Shang and Zhou Bronze Rites have also had a profound impact。

　　Bone Making Workshop、A batch of exquisite bone needles、Silk、Strange Tao Eagle、Bone -making spring and other relics and relics，Show the complexity of the function of the site。In the traditional ancient bet365 Play online games historical view, I biased the stone of Rongdi，It is an unexpected major discovery，prompt us to rethink problems such as the origin of Chinese civilization and the overall process formed by the early dynasties。

　　The earliest professional metallurgical copper settlement

　　The West Wubi site is located in the south of West Wubi Village, Guxian Town, Guxian County, Shanxi Province，A large number of two miles are excavated in the site and ash pit、The copper smelting relics in the Erlitang period; the unearthed copper dregs、Residual furnace wall、Copper ore，and a small amount of residual pottery fan、Remnant Stone Fan、Drum Tube、Stone Hammer、Small casting relics and firing charcoal kiln、Metallurgical copper furnace, etc.。Explain that the West Wubi site is mainly smelting pure copper，Pixeling of small tools for casting small tools。High -level copper pottery device found at the same time、grinding stone，It indicates that the Western Wubi site has a higher level。

　　These findings are in -depth researching early copper smelting handicraft industry technology and production methods，even exploring the rise and control of the Xiashang dynasty、Development、The relationship between the strategic resources of copper，Provided precious physical information。

　　6000 words of bronze inscriptions rewrite the history of Zeng Guo

　　Jujube Forest Tomb Location is located in Wenfeng Community, Dongcheng Office, Suizhou City, Hubei Province，It is the cemetery of the high -level noble nobles in the middle and late spring and autumn。86 tombs have been excavated now，Among them, 5 "A" large tombs (three groups)、19 medium -sized tombs、62 small tombs。These three groups of tomb owners Bet365 lotto review are Zeng Gongqiu and his wife fishing、Zeng Houbao and his wife、Zenghou。More than 2,000 bronze wares unearthed，Among them, nearly 600 pieces of bronze ritual instruments。

　　There are inscriptions 6000 words on these utensils，It is the largest batch of Jinwen information in the Spring and Autumn Period since the new century.。Where，Zeng Gongqiu begging for the inscription nearly 2496 words，Single -piece 镈镈镈 312 words，It is a single piece of bronze in the Spring and Autumn Period with the most inscriptions。I also found the earliest bird's inscription。

　　A large number of inscriptions reflect the extremely rich historical and cultural information of Zeng Guo and the Zhou Dynasty，Including the common cognition of "Yu" and "Xia" in different cultural areas during the Spring and Autumn Period、New clues about the Tang Dynasty、It was with it、The Zhou Dynasty developed Nangtu and Zeng Guodiwang。These inscriptions perfect the history of Zeng Guo，Provides answers for some unreasonable questions。Zeng Guo History records from the handed down literature unknown，To the archeology reveal the clear monarchy、Social class、Cultural appearance，Reflection of the role and meaning of archeological writing。

　　The first discovery of the Qinghai -Tibet PlateauTubo mural tombs and painted paint coffin

　　Quangou tomb is located 2 kilometers east of Hedong Village, Hedou Town, Wulan County, Qinghai Province。mural tomb (No. 1 tomb) is a rectangular brick and wood mixed structure multi -chamber tomb for the tomb.。There is a funeral warrior in the filling of the soil，waist bun，There are wooden bow relics on the shoulder，Sheep bones in the foot。The tomb is from the front room、The composition of bet365 best casino games the back room and two side rooms。Buried Tomb for Husband and Wife。The content of the murals includes the Mid Ma Yingbin Samurai、Hunting、Banquet、Dance、Chinese architecture、Landscape flowers and other content，Top Draw the Sun, Moon Star、God birds and beasts、Xianglong Feihe and other images。

　　Painted painted double paint coffin in the rear room，Buried with silk fabrics、Erotic Gold Gold and Silver Tibetan、Copper chopsticks、Copper accessories、Ironware、Classed wooden plate、pot pot、glass beads、Grain seeds and animal bones, etc.。On the bottom of the pit on the back of the back chamber，The sealing dark wooden box is hidden in a pearl crowd, the dragon and the phoenix lion pattern, the golden crown of the golden kinish, and a golden cup inlaid。

　　This is the first time the Tibetan mural tomb discovered by the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau，The painted lacquer coffin and the crown of the golden kinchue，It may be related to the Tubo royal family。The tomb shows the dual style of Tang culture and Tubo culture，For the process of discussing the integration of Han and Tibetan culture during the Tibetan rule、The cultural exchanges of the Qinghai Silk Road have great academic value。

　　The above six discovers，In fact, it is just an important representative of the new archeological discovery in 2019。In recent years，Every year, new archeological materials are changing the historical "common sense" that we regard we are regarded as the conclusion，Answer the long -term suspension question，I raised more new questions。Archaeologists use physical materials from the field to bring bet365 best casino games surprises to the academic community，Constantly enrich and deepen our cognition of history。

　　(Author Unit: History and Cultural Communication Center of the Chinese History Research Institute)

Editor in charge: Changchang