The United Nations Climate Change Conference brings together leaders and negotiating representatives of countries around the world，Jointly discuss how to cope with climate change。The negotiating parties except including the signing of the "UN Climate Change Framework Convention", "Kyoto Protocol" and "Paris Agreement" outside the governments，From folk organizations、Private Department、Representatives of international organizations and media will also attend the conference。The 28th UN Climate Change Conference (that is, the 28th Convention on the Convention on the Framework of the United Nations，The following referred to as "COP28") will be held in Dubai, UAE from November 30 to December 12, 2023，The key moment of the holding of global climate operations。The reporter of this newspaper will involve negotiating issues involved in COP28、Global cooperation of climate operation and the role of China in the global climate governance interviewed related scholars。

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Since 2015 COP21，The Conference of the Contracting Party has been carried out around how to implement the Paris Agreement，This agreement mainly includes the following goals: control the global average temperature higher than the level before industrialization to control within 2 degrees Celsius，and work hard to control the temperature heating within 1.5 degrees Celsius; adapt to climate change，Enhanced resistance; the path that allows funds to flow in line with low emissions and adaptive development of the greenhouse。Report on the Report of Climate Change released by the United Nations，To achieve the goal proposed by the Paris Agreement，There are many jobs to do。Researcher Ruth Townend, a researcher at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, recently issued an article on the official website bet365 Play online games of the agency，COP28 provides an important opportunity for the world to embark on a more sustainable development path。2549_2562，and all parties have different needs and interests，Reaching an agreement may be a difficult process。

Professor Gary Yohe, Professor Gary Yohe, USA in the United States in an interview with this reporter，COP28 is the first UN Climate Change Conference in December 2022 "Kunming -Montreal Global Biological Diversity Framework"。State action aimed at protecting the earth and global collective negotiations are combined at this conference，The best time to achieve the achievement of the achievements in the field of climate action and the unfinished work。Tang Ende said，The convening of COP28 marks the completion of the "Paris Agreement" for the first time。Obviously，The world has not completely embarked on the track of achieving the Paris Agreement's goal，You need to formulate a roadmap for accelerating climate action on COP28。

John said，Global inventory will pass fair、Science method，Evaluate the collective progress of the world's goal of achieving the Paris Agreement，Including climate relief、Adaptation and support means (such as finance) and other aspects，How to strengthen climate action、Support international cooperation with guidance to governments of various countries。The first global inventory cycle will be ended on COP28，It has been performed every five years since then。global inventory，You can refine the clear signal from a lot of information，Determine high -influence solution that can promote international cooperation，Provide information for strengthening the independent contribution of the country and cooperation between the country，to promote the action of the contracting party of the United Nations Framework of Climate Change。

The first global inventory is mainly composed of three parts。John Analysis，The focus of the first stage is to collect and integrate governments from various countries、International Organization、Research institutions and other stakeholders' information on climate change and climate action。Bet365 lotto review Materials integrated according to the first stage，Evaluation of the Paris Agreement in the second stage，Determine strengthening climate action、Opportunities for supporting and international cooperation。A global inventory comprehensive report released in September 2023 contains key information and suggestions for the second stage。The third stage will end on COP28。At this stage，Governments of various countries mainly discuss the results of the global inventory technology stage，and the significance of these results on strengthening climate action。Given the urgency of the climate crisis，The results of global inventory must include specific commitments and suggestions，to promote climate action。

Thomas Burelli, a professor of law at the University of Ottawa University in Canada, said in an interview with this reporter，So far，The world has not completely taken up to make humans avoid major loss of biodiversity、Environmental and climatic conditions The major turbulent orbit。According to the global inventory of 2023，If you do not hurry up, adjust the direction of climate action in accordance with the goal of the Paris Agreement，Opportunity window will be closed。This is a very complicated question，It is necessary to monitor the progress of the country's dependence on fossil fuel、timetable and method，Because fossil fuel is still the core and important resources of the economic development of many countries。other，The ability of various countries to get rid of fossil fuel is not the same，If there are no strong decisions，Human beings will not be able to achieve a goal that controls the temperature rising to within 1.5 degrees Celsius。

　Climate negotiation topic focus

Negotiation issues also include starting and running loss and damage funds，Acting on the Framework of the Global Adaptation (GGA) of the Paris Agreement，Energy transformation and food system transformation, etc.。other，Discussion on climate financing may also become a central issue。

From Tang Ende's view，Loss and damage fund as an important heritage of COP27，Its focus covers the scope and source of Bet365 app download resource sources will become important issues of COP28。The transition committee composed of developed countries and developing countries is also making suggestions on how to implement new fund arrangements。As far as the acquisition of losses and damage funds，Burley thinks，The fair approach is to consider the historical emissions of various countries、The efforts of the current aspects of greenhouse gas and the ability to take action, especially the funds,。Today，All countries are affected by climate change to varying degrees。Keep the use of the fund to those who are affected by climate change，and countries that lack the abilities and resources that are lacking or adaptable to these influences，It seems to be the most reasonable choice。Global adaptation goals are designed to put the focus of countries' efforts on improving adaptability、Enhanced resistance and reduces the vulnerability of climate change，Tang Ende Hope，The new framework can determine the goal，can also provide methods to measure the progress of the goals。This clarity can make the government and related organizations more concentrated、More comparable、Pursue and measure adaptation progress in more accurately。

2022，Estimation of the UN Environmental Planning Agency，to 2030，The climate change required for developing countries each year is 160 billion to 340 billion US dollars，By 2050, 315 billion -565 billion US dollars。From the current point of view，The funds that adapt to climate change are far from enough，Compared with the scale of future needs, it also appears to be insignificant。Developed countries in fulfilling existing commitments and clear adaptation signals，It is important to ensure that the trust and participation of multilateral climate operations in developing countries，Especially when many fragile developing countries have faced an adaptation burden beyond their ability。

On the eve of COP28，Grain systems and agriculture are receiving more and more attention。Tang Ende said，COP28 grain bet365 live casino games system and agricultural agenda released in July 2023，Call for countries to keep the national grain system and agricultural policy with the national independent contribution goals and the national adaptive plan (NAP)，and incorporate the decapyles target of the food system into these goals and its national biodiversity strategy and action plan。COP28 Chairman Call for the interests of private and public sectors to promise to provide funds and technology for the grain system and agricultural transformation。Global inventory report emphasizes solving demand side problems、Mutations of land use、The necessity of difficult problems such as forest cutting。The change of grain system must be combined with accelerated energy transformation rather than competing with each other，Because of the common efforts of these two aspects because of achieving climate goals。

　　Developed countries must fulfill their commitments

Like all the Conferences of Contracting，Climate financing will be a key issue。Developing countries need to be fiscal resources、Technical transfer and capacity building is strengthened，To better reduce emissions、Adapt to climate change and deal with losses and damage。Provided and mobilized climate funds are the priorities of many countries in the negotiation process。Developed countries still failed to fulfill climate funds commitment，This makes many developing countries feel frustrated and angry。Failure to achieve the goal in time may have a negative impact on the entire negotiation，Because the negotiation process relies to a large extent dependence on the trust of the governments of various countries to fulfill its commitment to fulfill its commitment capabilities。On COP28，Governments of various countries will continue to negotiate on new climate financing goals。Discussion and commitments related to climate financing may affect other negotiating areas，and motivate more action or cause more obstacles。

November 2，The "2023 Adaptation Gap report" released by the UN Environmental Planning Department，High -income countries have not raised enough climate to adapt to funds to help low -income countries adapt to climate change。Henry Neufeldt, a senior bet365 best casino games researcher at the UN Environmental Planning Department Copenhagen Climate Center, said，The implementation of the current climate adaptation action is in a stagnation state，Adaptable funds also decrease。Many of the most vulnerable countries are also the poorest countries in the world，Their liability for climate change is the least。Research indicates，Each investment of 1 billion U.S. dollars in the coastal flood prevention，It can avoid losses of $ 14 billion; if you invest at $ 16 billion per year for agricultural climate change to adapt，It can make nearly 78 million people avoid the famine。At the same time，Simplify the process of obtaining funds by maximizing the requirements to maximize the requirements.。

　China's role is increasingly important

Burley said，China is now the world's second largest economy，Calculated at the absolute value，China is the world's largest greenhouse gas emission country。But，This number does not explain the entire situation，and often misunderstood。After all，China's population is many，China's per capita emissions are still far lower than Canada、American and other developed countries，From the historical perspective，The United States and the European Union have always been the main responsible person of greenhouse gas emissions。other，Many products exported to China have been consumed by the world，But the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the production of these products are calculated in China，instead of consumering these goods countries。This also artificially increases China's carbon footprint，Reduced the carbon footprint of large -scale de -industrialized countries (such as the United States and the European Union)。

Since the Pass of the United Nations Climate Change Framework Convention，The role of China in the process of global climate governance is becoming increasingly important。Burley said，The situation of the participation of the Conference in China has received close attention with the composition of the delegation，This indicates that in terms of judging the success of international climate negotiations，China'Bet365 app download s role played very important。China as the main participant of climate operations，A large amount of resources that have a large amount of resources that get rid of fossil fuel and perform ecological transformation，It can greatly affect the development trend of the global economy，Play an important promotion role。John said，2023 The Declaration of the New Delhi Summit of the 2023 Group emphasizes the challenges faced by the 2030 Sustainable Development Aired agenda and humans in response to climate change。China can pass the important international organizations such as the 20th Guard，Make greater contributions in international actions to deal with climate change。