"Guns" written by Jared Diamond, professor of geography at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA、Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Society" was first published in 1997，And won the Pulitzer Prize and the Royal Society Science Book Award in 1998。This book aims to shed light on Native Americans、The differences in historical development between Africans and Australian Aboriginals and Europeans and Asians。Diamond thinks，The unique east-west main axis of Eurasia makes domestication practice、Important bonus bet365 innovations such as writing systems can spread quickly，Gives Eurasia a more prominent political presence、Technological and military advantages and faster development。

The axis of orientation hypothesis proposed by Diamond has received widespread attention，But there is still a lack of quantitative testing of its basic assumptions。Recently，An interdisciplinary research team at Washington University in St. Louis, USA, and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany, uses Covered Culture、A comprehensive dataset of linguistic and ecological differences，The authenticity bonus bet365 orientation axis hypothesis was tested on a global scale。First，Researchers use least-cost path algorithm to find paths that minimize differences in temperature and drought conditions across societies。Next，Researchers calculated distance and cost of paths，Used to measure the ecological barriers faced by the spread of culture between two societies。

This study quantified a total of 54 bonus bet365 traits，Involving all aspects of bonus bet365 development and social life，Like livelihood、Residential Ecology、Property Rules、Marriage and kinship、Community Organization、Politics、Labor and rituals, etc.。Diamond mentioned in the book，bonus bet365 innovation achievements are more likely to spread in similar environments，Societies with similar latitudes have more homogeneous environments。Therefore，Researchers focused on examining how environmental parameters related to latitude affect the ease with which bonus bet365 traits are transmitted。Some of the study’s findings are consistent with Diamond’s conclusions，Environmental factors、Topography and travel costs influence many bonus bet365 traits (predominant livelihoods、Livestock Type、Political complexity characteristics, etc.) play a limiting role in the spread。However，Although societies with more similar ecological environments are more likely to have the same bonus bet365 traits，But research points out，The main corridors of bonus bet365 diffusion in Eurasia are no more ecologically homogeneous than other regions。This latest discovery contradicts Diamond’s hypothesis。The research team then listed 16 key regions around the world as centers of the origin of agriculture，Comparative analysis of the environmental obstacles encountered by the spread of culture between regions。Research results show，Even in the same continent，There are also differences in the severity of environmental barriers。The influence of geographical environment mechanism is certainly important，However, the direction of the main axis of the continent cannot uniformly control the potential of bonus bet365 communication。

Russell Gray, Director of the Department of Language and bonus bet365 Evolution at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, believes，Geographical environment and genetics、Ecological factors are equally important，But none of them can completely determine the trajectory of bonus bet365 dissemination and development。Carlos Botero, associate professor in the Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Texas at Austin, said，Researchers don’t think they’ve found an accurate answer to examine differences in growth rates across regions。The original intention of this study is，Through a new perspective based on quantitative data and in-depth analysis，Use existing tools and data to test important ideas that influence public understanding of history，Especially those that use a single factor to explain complex history。This shows，Even if a theory has great appeal，The academic community also needs to fully verify it。

(Liu Yuwei/Compiled)