Since 2023，Discussion on the concept of "Global Southern" spans the boundary of international relations，No longer sticking to a single platform for academic publications。On the one hand，"Global South" mentioned in international public opinion that the number of times has increased sharply; on the other hand,，The international status of those countries that are attributed to the "Southern Global" are increasingly improved，In international politics、Economy、Culture、Technology Innovation、Climate treatment, etc., play a role that cannot be underestimated。In this context，Western countries seize the vagueness of the concept of "Global Southern" and the characteristics of changes over time，hype and solve it for it，For example, denying China's developing country status，Try to exclude China beyond the "Southern Global"，The purpose is to strengthen the influence on "Global South"，Drives to expand misunderstandings between global southern countries、Index the contradiction，Weaken the right to discuss the global structure of the global southern countries。

Recent，Director of China Research Center, the University of Buenos Aires, Argentine、The chairman of the Latin American Research Society Bi Jiahong (Ignacio Villagran) is the definition and application of the term "south of the world"、Major opportunities and challenges of South -South cooperation、How can the fine traditions of Chinese diplomacy be escorted by cooperation between China and the global southern countries，Interview with our reporter。Bi Jiahong thinks，"Southern Global" represents a country that explores the independent development path together to open up a firm belief in a new world order。Future，Southern countries in the world still need to overcome difficulties，Maintain the results of national interests and the results of South -South cooperation，Create a more mature partnership network，Bet365 app download show the emerging power of "Global Southern"。Sharing development opportunities with various characteristics of civilization、Aspect of the people's welfare，China initiative、Organization and action have irreplaceable effects from beginning to end。

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"China Social Sciences": What do you think of the concept of "Southern Global" in different contexts?

Bi Jiahong:Since the beginning of the 21st century，The international academic community has launched a fierce discussion on the term "south of the world"，Covering global geography、Economic development and diplomatic positioning and other aspects。I think the concept of "Global South" is very complicated，And there are many contradictory places，So before using it，We must give an explanation first。First，"South" in "Southern Global" seems to be talking about a geographical area，But this is not the case。Just as the word "West" is not used to divide geographical location，but the history shared by some countries、geopolitical and cultural characteristics，"Global Southern" means that the concept of the possibility of the possibility is implemented by many countries with different development types，That is to challenge to serve North America、Western Europe and Asia -Pacific developed economies of developed economies based on the interests of the interests of the interests of the interests of the developed economies in the Asia -Pacific region。In this sense,，"Global Southern" includes many countries that were previously classified as "Third World"，Even many participants who did not form an alliance in the 1950s。I think，The term "Southern Global" may shake the world system that Western countries have applied to restrict the development of other countries，Encourage people to establish diplomatic relations on the basis of respecting the sovereignty and development needs of each country，Eliminate negotiations carried out by compulsory mode，and adopt a more flexible dialogue method to reach a consensus，Eventually developing mutually beneficial South -South cooperation in many areas。

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"China Social Sciences": What challenges are the current global southern countries facing friendly partnerships?

Bi Jiahong:Southern countries around the world build equal equality for each other、Mutual commercial forgiveness、Global partnerships of mutual learning and mutual learning faces many challenges。First，Preferences of the global southern countries、Foreign targets and national interests are different，The difference between the international agenda is large。Next，Internal contradictions、Disputes or unstable factors restrict the action and plan of some global southern countries to participate in international affairs。such as，Mexico and India are both major countries in the south of the world。Mexico is the largest economy in the world of Spanish，It is also the second largest economy among Latin American countries，It has been adhering to the principle of national sovereignty for a long time，Oppose Politics。But，Mexico's economy is intertwined with the United States，Its economic development depends to a large extent on its privilege to enter the North American market，Therefore, to a certain extent, the choice made by Mexico on the international stage。India has a very clear leadership role in southern countries around the world，Especially after joining the BRICS countries。but，India also maintains military cooperation with the United States and a joint action in the Indo -Pacific region。This clearly indicates，Main countries in the south of the world adopt different foreign policies。South -South cooperation faces a certain challenge，Among them, the transformation of the national government political alliance，This may lead to more active political groups that make your country and the interests of Western countries more active，To get economic cooperation、Benefits of security or international influence。This situation will inevitably affect the foreign policy and international cooperation of a country，It may also trigger a crisis such as sacrificing the autonomy of the country or losing independence on certain issues。but but，Southern countries in the world have more opportunities and consensus in building global partnerships，A positive sign is that many international associations and institutions in the southern countries of the world have been strengthening cooperation，Condensing development joint force，Continuously enhance the representativeness and discourse rights of developing countries on the international stage by cooperating with each other。

　"China Social Sciences": What do you think of the future development of partnership between China and other global southern countries?

Bi Jiahong:These years，The development and growth of the "Belt and Road" initiative and the historic expansion of the BRICS countries show the new initiative to the international community、How to serve the development benefits of the global southern countries，How to provide an alternative to international organizations that occur after World War II。It is worth mentioning is，China ’s contribution to promote the modernization of infrastructure in southern countries around the world is huge。China provides investment and technical support for its partner countries，Infrastructure projects in the field of transportation and energy production steadily，Let the green environmental protection technology satisfy the general interests of the people of partner countries，At the same time, ensure that the ecological environment is effectively protected and improved。but，In recent years，Some southern countries have doubts about this。This is because some of the remarks of the US government and officials have affected these global southern countries' views on deepening cooperation with China。They are due to financial restrictions or fear of sanctions against the United States，It may be adjusted in the future to adjust the relationship with China。Another，Domestic political dynamics of some global southern countries are also potential factor in changing their cooperation with China。You can be sure，China's determination and ability to actively promote multilateralism and regional cooperation，and the Chinese model and Chinese experience that is worth learning from the majority of developing countries，Promoting the group rise of the global southern countries。Facing the continuous adjustment of the global situation，China and the world's southern countries should strengthen communication，Finding a new breakthrough for South -South cooperation、Inject new kinetic energy，To solve the urgency problem faced by human beings today。

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"China Social Sciences": History、What role does cultural and economic connection play the relationship between China and other global southern countries?

Bi Jiahong:In my opinion，Although China and developing countries in southern countries in the world are very important，But it is more important to establish history and economic connection with them。As followers of the theory of realism international relations，I know the role of cultural understanding in promoting international dialogue，But in international relations，National interest is an important factor that promotes the continuous development of the relationship between the country and the country。In this sense，Many economic cooperation cases in Chinese diplomatic history showed Houde and goodwill，No pressure and coercion among these cases，No case of force。Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China，The People's Liberation Army rarely carries out military operations overseas。Another，China has been fully assisted in Africa since the 1950s，greatly promoted the development and revitalization of African countries。The beginning of the new millennium，China's banking institutions have become the main source of funds for global infrastructure projects。Respect sovereignty and territorial integrity with each other、Do not invade each other、Do not interfere with each other、Equality and mutual benefit、peaceful coexistence has always been the fundamental criterion that China's foreign policy insists on。China has made efforts to make great progress for developing countries，and the history of direct economic benefits and non -interference in the internal affairs brought about by maintaining a good relationship，Let the developing countries see a different diplomatic model from the past。Therefore，In recent years, more and more countries are willing to build diplomatic relations with China、Repeatedness，Constantly carry out mutually beneficial and win -win South -South cooperation。

　"China Social Sciences": cooperating to deal with climate change、Global challenges such as economic inequality and digital gaps，What role does China play with southern countries in the world?

Bi Jiahong:In the past few decades，China has always adhered to independent peace foreign policy，Actively participate in global governance，Establish mutual respect with most countries in the world、Partnership developed together。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，China has proposed to jointly build the "Belt and Road" initiative、Global Development initiative、Global Security initiative、A series of "China Initiative"，Fully reflects the efforts of China's efforts in improving international institutions to respond to global challenges。such as，2021，President Xi Jinping set off from the common well -being of all human beings and the practice of China，Proposal global development initiative。The initiative emphasizes a series of commitments to accelerate the implementation of the UN 2030 Sustainable Development AD，For example, the focus of development is based on market -oriented、Based on the maximum profit of private companies, transforming into a people -oriented overall method。This policy not only takes into account the differences between the internal and between the country，Also constantly coordinate the relationship between production and operation and environmental protection，To achieve global sustainable development。Another，Shining the digital gap、Give full play to the development potential of the global southern countries，Countries still need to continue to explore。Global Development initiative specifically mentioned the importance of bridging the gap between North and South development。This is also one of the reasons why the global development initiative has been welcomed by the global southern countries，attracted many global southern countries to enthusiastically join the "Friends of the Global Development Initiative"，Participate in the promotion of the initiative，and strengthen cooperation in related fields，Share experience and resources，Promote more fair global development。At the same time，Academic and cultural exchanges are also one of the key factors that promote China's cooperation with other global southern countries。In the past ten years，​​Chinese universities and think tanks and related institutions of "Southern Global" have carried out friendly visits，I enhanced each other's understanding and mutual trust，It laid a solid foundation for knowledge sharing and technical exchanges。Look at it in the long run，Academic and cultural exchanges under the framework of South -South cooperation can not only deepen the expansion of global partnership，It is also conducive to promoting the implementation of common goals。