Bonfire,Perhaps the best symbol to ignite stories - people tell stories around the campfire at night。In the view of Byung-Chul Han,The bonfire has been extinguished,replaced by a bet365 offer screen。"Any form of storytelling,No one can rekindle the bonfire that brings people together to tell stories。" The Korean-German philosophy scholar said in his recently published book "The Crisis of Narrative",We have entered the "post-narrative era"。
This is not the first time that the concept of narrative crisis has been proposed。As early as 1936,Facing the rise of popular newspapers,German philosopher Walter Benjamin made a prediction,The art of storytelling is dying,Storytelling began to fade away and passed away,This is because messaging goes against the spirit of storytelling。After nearly a century of retreat,With the changes in bet365 offer, especially the arrival of digital bet365 offer,The narrative is finally cornered。
Recently,Philosophy、Literature、Research in journalism and communication and other disciplines are trying to reveal and solve this dilemma。Social bet365 offer、Digital bet365 offer such as self-bet365 offer is the main carrier for people to tell and communicate nowadays,Become the object of scrutiny in various disciplines。There are countless rich and colorful personal narratives in various digital bet365 offer,But it is often found to be "gravityless","Lack of Moments of Truth"。or,Behind the seemingly lively "storytelling" is the "storyless"。
Social bet365 offer rewrites narrative
A steady stream of new news on digital bet365 offer,Continue to emerge under the command of algorithms,Overwhelming。It creates a myth: narrative crisis does not exist,New bet365 offer is giving birth to new narrative vitality。
Han Bingzhe tore apart this illusion。“‘Stories’ on social platforms also cannot eliminate the narrative vacuum。That’s just pornographic self-expression or personal advertising。Post、Consumerist behaviors such as likes and sharing exacerbate the crisis of narrative。”In his opinion,Information is completely different from telling,Information strengthens accidental experience,Telling turns randomness into inevitability。Although social bet365 offer provides a wealth of serendipitous discourse,But as far as narrative is concerned,Lack of existential intensity。
“The loss of empathy in the smartphone era fully illustrates,Smartphones are not a storytelling medium。Only from the technical configuration,It’s hard to tell stories on a smartphone。Tapping and swiping the screen are not narrative gestures。Smartphones can only speed up information exchange。”Han Bingzhe’s view of bet365 offer is in the same vein as Benjamin,His views on smartphones are exactly the same as Benjamin’s original attitude toward popular newspapers。
Multiple studies show,The rapid flow of information on digital bet365 offer does not promote effective communication and consensus building,On the contrary, it leads to polarization of opinions。Sociology, Duke University, USA、Professor of political science and public policy Chris Bail likens social bet365 offer to a “prism”,It cannot reflect the external world truthfully,But it will distort the user’s understanding of others and self。He proposed,Even though social bet365 offer can expose users to a wide range of different viewpoints,It is also difficult for them to get out of the "echo chamber",Their thoughts will tend to become more narrow-minded and extreme。Research findings by Michael Brüggemann, professor of communication at the University of Hamburg, Germany, and others,Polarization of opinions on social bet365 offer has a damaging impact on what Habermas calls the “public sphere”。
This is related to the narrative characteristics of digital bet365 offer,Fragmented personal "micro-narratives" are stripped away from the information scene,It makes no sense,No "halo" either,Only opinions and emotions remain。This view and sentiment is also structural,For closed epistemology、Solid positions and interests influence。Time acceleration makes digital bet365 offer narratives fragmented,The hollowing out of the story、Structured simultaneously。Such a narrative is actually a counter-narrative,“Storyification” becomes “de-storyification” or “no-storyification”,There are endless new things on social bet365 offer and self-bet365 offer,But there is no narrative story,Because this information eventually flows into the river of accidental experience。
Talking about narrative vacuum、Nouns such as the post-narrative era,Ruth Page, professor of applied linguistics at the University of Birmingham, UK, told this reporter,As a scholar in the field of discourse analysis,Her understanding of the way people understand stories、Interested in how humans use technology and the questions people might ask about the ending of the story。Brings more certainty than,Page thinks,Stories told on social bet365 offer have the potential to be more prominent,That’s just as a reminder,Prompt people to ask critical questions about what the story might be telling them。
The bet365 offer logic behind “no story”
"Just killing time,Contribute some bet365 offer to others。" A short video audience said this when talking about what they gained from watching。bet365 offer is for her,Neither stranger,Not hidden either。
Observing and interviewing audiences who use short videos can be found,With magical background laughter,They laughed together,However, those "laughing is their own" moments are actually not many。Put down your phone,The smile disappeared from the face,Those laughters seemed to be washed away with the bet365 offer。or,During a long viewing experience just in the past,Whether the audience has gained a real joyful experience,is doubtful。To some extent,Those laughters are just the product of algorithms,And bet365 offer logic rules the algorithm。
“The accelerated exchange of information is beyond the control of our conscious minds。Communication is increasingly controlled from the outside。It appears to be subject to an automated mechanical process governed by an algorithm,But we don’t know it,Leave it to the mercy of the algorithm。People have degenerated into data records that can be manipulated and exploited。"Han Bingzhe noticed the manipulation of the algorithm,He did not use the word "traffic"。According to his analysis,The current purpose of “storytelling” on bet365 offer platforms is “storyselling”,Selling stories is essentially selling emotions,These stories are not true narratives。“bet365 offer platforms don’t tell the story,Only superimpose。”In this case,Information cannot be added together to form a story,Can only aggregate traffic。
Dan Schiller, professor emeritus of the Department of Communication at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, told reporters,Traffic is not a unique product of digital bet365 offer。Over 150 years,Commercial bet365 offer are all pursuing traffic for advertising,From newspapers and magazines to radio、TV then to the Internet,The composition of traffic has also evolved from readers to viewers to users。“The difference is how accurately social bet365 offer can measure and monitor traffic,These data constitute the user’s personal portrait,Used by digital platforms to gain commercial interests。" Schiller said。
Traditional bet365 offer organizations usually have a “firewall” between content production and operation,Prevent traffic from impacting content production。But this “firewall” does not exist for many self-bet365 offer,They are both producers and operators,Individuals face traffic directly。When relying on traffic to make money becomes the only driver,Traffic logic naturally becomes the underlying logic of a large number of self-bet365 offer operating mechanisms。The paradox of traffic logic at the narrative level is,For the narrator,It doesn’t matter what the narrator wants or can say to the audience,What the audience wants to hear is important。The narrator gives up his subjectivity in exchange for traffic,This logical paradox determines the hollowing out and structuring of the stories told by many self-bet365 offer tellers,The narrative crisis at this time is the "no story" crisis。
Return to the “moment of truth” in bet365 offer
"Once the constructed nature of the bet365 offer is seen through,There is no inner moment of truth。”Han Bingzhe extracted the real flaw of “micro-bet365 offer” based on construction: lack of moments of truth。He advises people who are surrounded by oceans of information and data,To find the “anchoring place of bet365 offer”。As for where the anchorage is,He did not give a clear answer。
One of the reasons why information loses its "moment of truth" is the acceleration of time。Time acceleration strips away the historical sense of digital bet365 offer information,Making it "not to remain longer than the moment it is known"。You cannot reach the “narrative anchorage” by going down the river in time,Because the anchorage is stationary,You can only get close to it by slowing down。“Slow journalism” emerged as part of the “slowdown movement”。The principles formulated by German bet365 offer people for “Slow News” in the “Slow bet365 offer Manifesto” include,Committed to high-quality content rather than quantity,Promote "single-task" bet365 offer practices rather than fragmented "multi-threaded" bet365 offer participation,Oppose the extreme pursuit of information timeliness, etc.。The digital bet365 offer "Delayed Gratification" founded by British traditional bet365 offer people is regarded as a representative of "slow news",Issued four times a year,Only publish long-form explanatory reports and investigative reports,Don’t chase breaking news,Self-positioning as "the last reporter of breaking news"。
Another reason why information loses its “moment of truth” is that it cannot rebuild the intimate relationship between people,That is, it is impossible to establish a "community of telling and listening"。American bet365 offer culture researcher、Critic Neil Postman once used the verses of the British poet Coleridge to describe the information dilemma of the 20th century,“There’s water everywhere,But not a drop can quench your thirst”。People today face another dilemma,Digital bet365 offer is full of stories,But not much is really relevant to me。The important role that stories play in news is to build relationships between people。American sociologist George Herbert Mead believes,The main function of news is to create “aesthetic experience” for the audience,Help them understand their lives and relate them to their country、Associating towns and classes。“Moments of truth” exist in these connections。
Since the time-consuming practice of narrative is difficult to carry out on bet365 offer platforms,Many users began to try to leave the platform,Recover the right to "go offline",Reject "Permanent Online,Permanent connection”。Some interviewees expressed that they should “resist the temptation”,No more wasting time on empty entertainment,Stop it from the beginning,Instead of wasting hours and regretting it,The same mistake happened again the next day。“Opening a paper book may gradually become a small act of resistance—no matter how brief,Everyone is trying to get rid of the constant overstimulation brought by online life。”This is the advice given by Tom Mole, professor of English literature and book history at the University of Edinburgh, UK。
Chang Jiang, a professor at the School of Communication at Shenzhen University, noted,The rise of digital minimalism as a culture of mediated resistance。Digital minimalism is an attitude that expresses a rejection of the “data colonization” of platforms by reducing the frequency of use and participation in digital bet365 offer,And try to reconstruct, to a certain extent, the bet365 offer practices of organic cultural life in the pre-digital era。Chang Jiang is a scholar who studies digital journalism and digital bet365 offer,Also a practitioner of digital minimalism,I haven’t posted on Moments since about 2016,Short videos are “untouchable” outside of work。
“2015、In 2016,I discovered WeChat as a super app,It has invaded my life and work too much,I started to lose control over my daily life。"Chang Jiang said。So,He uses retreat to advance,Try limited “bet365 offer withdrawal”,Reasserting subjectivity from bet365 offer minimalism。
Cal Newport, a research professor at the Center for bet365 offer Ethics at Georgetown University in the United States, believes,On the relationship between people and bet365 offer tools,“Less” often means “more”。From fast to slow、From more to least,Provides a possible path back to narrative’s “moment of truth”。
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