Philosophy and answers
September 15, 2023 11:12 Source: "China Social Sciences" September 15, 2023 Author: Chen Xianda

It is said that philosophy has no answer,Only problems,In particular, there is no unique answer。Therefore,Philosophy is an eternal question; the answer is science,Philosophy without answers。Is this statement correct? If this is the establishment,Philosophy is nothing right or wrong,You can let me talk nonsense。What is the meaning of such philosophy?

Take the famous Wangyang Mingnan Town as an example。If we ask,You don’t come to see the flowers,Is there no existence of flowers in the mountains? exist。You don’t come to see the flowers,Do you know it exists? have no idea。Since I don’t know,Why do you definitely exist? You look at flowers,Huawei Xian now you heart,And when you leave the flowers and your heart, you have the same heart and your heart,Right? right。But the conclusion should not be in your heart,but spent outside the heart,When you enjoy the flowers,Hua enters your heart。A problem belongs to ontology,One belongs to the problem of reflection theory。No reflection,I don’t know if there is a flower exist。No flowers outside the heart,Then the subject cannot reflect the flower。You are gone,Flowers belong to your heart with your heart,But not to be attributed to,Many tourists because of flowers,You come and me,Everyone can see flowers。Therefore,Philosophy cannot be discussed because of individuals,Perseverance to me,Otherwise, it will become my only theory。Everyone can see flowers,This is called collective consciousness,instead of individual consciousness。Collective consciousness is common consciousness,Everyone realizes the existence of flowers,As for everyone's love for flowers,belongs to value evaluation,It is diverse。Existence is objective,is one; evaluation is diverse,is more。Idealism deny one,Mechanical materialism is to deny more。The relationship between the main and object often contains the relationship between one and more。The main body reflection is more,This is mostly the main world;,This belongs Bet365 lotto review to the objective world。Zhu Xi said that 10,000 special,A round of month in the sky,There are countless months in the water,Anyone with water。On the one hand,This statement is reasonable。On the other hand,Unreasonable thing is,Zhu Xi is talking about reason,Is the theory of the outer object,This theory can only be the world of ideas。Fruit is one,Fruit is one,Various existence of fruit is the performance of fruits。This view is the head and foot inverted。

The return of philosophy returns to the ground from the sky。Plato's concept world,is a world outside the real world;,The theory of departure。Hegel's absolute concept is a world that is over the reality。These are all non -life worlds。The world of life is reality、Practical World。People want to study the laws of the real world,It is not too much sublimation of the law of real world。

Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy, especially Western modern philosophy,。Chinese philosophy is simple and deep,Its wisdom is hidden in propositions,Need to understand,Words are endless and endless。and Western philosophy pays attention to the contact of the "prerequisite -demonstration -conclusion"。It can be said,Chinese philosophy concept is more vague,Interpretable space,There is also a lot of controversy; and Western philosophy focuses on clear concepts,Inference clear,Conclusion Clear,Small interpretable space。Western philosophy is affected by natural science,Chinese philosophy is close to poetry,Affected by literature。In other words,Chinese philosophical similar freehand drawing,Pay attention to God -like instead of shape; and Western philosophy is similar to oil painting,Pay attention to the realistic picture。

Philosophy is the learning of the pursuit of truth,The truth lies not only in the authenticity of the conclusion,and the reasonable process of achieving the process of truth。Learning Philosophy,Not only in mastering the conclusion,And know the basis of the conclusion and how to get the conclusion。For example,Class struggle in class society is a conclusion,It is a conclusion that studying all class social history。If you only know this conclusion and do not understand Bet365 lotto review how it is obtained,Then this conclusion is still an abstract truth for us。It can be said,The basic principles of Marxist philosophy all include a history of knowledge。As Lenin said,The conclusion of philosophy should be the doctrine of all the specific content of the world and its development laws,That is the total of the history of the world、Together、Conclusion。If you just learn abstract philosophical conclusions,I only know it, but I don’t know why it is why,So it is not good to learn philosophy。Know it,It is conclusion,Know the reason,How can it get the basis and process of this conclusion。

Middle、West、Horse philosophy has a common theme,That is the relationship between the external environment that people and him survive in it。This relationship is known as the main object relationship in Western philosophy,It is called the relationship between heaven and man in Chinese philosophy,It is known as the relationship between people and the world in Marxist philosophy。Their theories are different。

Western philosophy talks about the main and object relationship,There is a clue from the master and guest to the unified master and guest,But the foundation of the unified is the subject。In the ancient Greek and Rome era,Natural philosophy is dominant,The universe is the sky looking up,Naturally, the research object of the outside world。That time,The main object is in the secondary stage。Of course, this distinction is right,There is no distinction between the main object,Any scientific research and human understanding is impossible,People cannot know the object that the master and the guests do not distinguish。But,When Western philosophy develops to modern times,Descartes proposed "I think I am in","I think" becomes the root of existence。This is here,The main and objective relationship inverted,Thought determines existence。The decisive role of the thought is manifested in Hegel's proposition "entity is the subject"。Although the entity is the object of human cognition,But when the entity is gradually grasped by the subject,Human discovery,The entity as an object is actually a manifestation of the Bet365 app download subject。The subject and object are not two points,but the same。As Engels said,where Hegel,The nature or content of the recognition object exists in thought,Objects are nothing more than the subject's alienation; people become unknown as what they reflect,It seems that I don’t know the child who goes home,The spirit is in a wandering,Finally realized that recognition and objects are actually the same。This is obviously idealistic concept。But,Its reasonable thing is,revealing the person's understanding of the nature of the object is a process,and the same sex as the object。

Chinese Philosophy Study on the Timetable of Heaven and Man,Pay attention to the relationship between heaven and man。But it did not understand the outer world of knowledge orientation of the time of heaven,Instead of leading it to moral cultivation,To achieve the highest moral realm,That is the realm of heaven and man。This kind of thought on the relationship between heaven and man has always been the mainstream of Confucianism。Therefore,Confucianism can not be scientific doctrine, but only moral theory。What is the realm of heaven and man? Just know the destiny、Consciousness,Xingtian Road、There is Tianliang。Tianli Tianliang is the highest moral realm。

Marxist philosophy is a philosophy that understands the world and transforms the world。Marxist philosophy emphasizes that the world is an objective world with its own laws,Its existence and operation does not depend on people,It does not depend on the subject,But people can know the world and transform the world。Therefore,People reach the unity of the subject and object on the basis of practice。The contents of the object are inherent in the object itself,instead of the manifestation of the subject。Correspondingly,The content obtained by the subject is obtained from the object。Truth,Not the subject is given to the object,Instead, the understanding of the subject is consistent with objects,That is, the content contains the content from the object。Only this,Human beings can have science。The highest goal of each science is to explore the rules of the object,Otherwise, science cannot be established。bet365 best casino games Even the researcher,It is also necessary to treat people as objects that do not rely on researchers,Study the laws of the survival and development of relevant people。The reason why people can transform the world,Because of the two points of the main and guests。Transformation World,It is to eliminate the opposition of the main and guests in practice and achieve the unity of the master and guest。No object,There is no objective premise that the main and object is unified; no subject,There is no motivation for the unity of the main and object。The unity of the main and object is a process,It is gradually achieved on the basis of practice。

The absolute unity of the main and object is impossible。The absolute unity of the main object means that the people’s knowledge is exhausted. The absolute truth,exhausted the world。This is impossible at any time。Engels said,Our current understanding may seem to be primitive to the descendants of later generations、ridiculous。Later generations corrected our mistakes more than we corrected the mistakes of our predecessors。Negative the two points for the master and guest,Dreams and guests are absolutely uniform to be arrogant and ridiculous。Unified implementation of the main object,It is a process for individuals,It is also a process for humans,and is an endless process。Only this,Human beings can develop progress。

Husserl's phenomenology,Essentially with Kant、Hegel's philosophy。What Hu's said back to the thing itself,Not returning to the objective existence itself。Because the existence that has not been realized,It is impossible to be mastered consciously。It exists beyond consciousness,It indicates that it is unknown,At least unknown。Any existence in consciousness,All are realized existence。Therefore,Back to the matter itself,In fact, it is the existence itself in the consciousness。But,Since it is the existence of consciousness,It is no longer an objective sense。This is a contradiction between epistemology。What happened was not realized,It is impossible to know that it exists; when it is realized,,It is already a conscious existence。Hegel solves this contradiction.,It specifies the "entity is the subject",The entity is the entity that is Bet365 lotto review subjectized。Therefore,The main and object opposition is alienation,Elimination of alienation is the unity of the main object。What is unified? Unified in the subject,or unified in absolute spirit。Another way is Kant's self -body theory。Everything that enters people is phenomenon,The self is beyond knowing,Never enter people's cognition。Therefore,Husserl said back to the matter itself,It is impossible to return to the self -auto,Because it is outside the boundary。One sentence,Everything that I was realized,It must be in the consciousness; everything that does not exist in consciousness,It must be not realized。Whether it is Berkley's "existence is perceive",Still Wang Yang Mingnan Town Viewing Flower Ceremony,logic is the same。It can be said,This is a problem。This problem can only be solved by Marxist philosophy。

No doubt,Only when you enter consciousness can you be realized,Consciousness is the existence of being realized。Marx and Engels do not deny this。So,We need to solve two problems。First,Since consciousness is a real existence,We are unknown。But,The existence of being realized,Do you lose its objectivity because it is realized? Will it become the subjective existence because of being realized?,Become truth consciousness,Still exist because of being realized and become non -objective existence? Marx's first "Outline of Ferbaha" in its famous "、Article 2 has solved this problem,Both refute the self -auto,It also refutes the perspective of being aware of the loss of objectivity and impossible to have truth。Article 1 elaborates the Master's Master and Guest Opinion,both opposed to old materialism and idealism,Emphasized unity on the basis of practice,Not only maintains the objectivity of the object,Pay high attention to the active role of the subject on object。Article 2 to further clarify whether human thinking has objective truth,Not a theoretical problem,but a practical problem。People should prove the truth of their thinking in practice,That is the power of your own thinking、The shore nature of my thinking。The practicality or non -reality of the Bet365 app download thinking of leaving practice,Is a purely philosophical problem of the hospital。The so -called unknown auto,or go back to the thing itself,All abstract discussions from practice。

The second question is a problem。How to determine the materiality of the world,It is concluded that the world that has not been realized is still the material world? Some people think,According to fashionable practical philosophy,People cannot admit existence outside practice,I can only acknowledge the existence within practice。The material of the world is metaphysical,Is worshiping and teaching。I have repeatedly refuted this view。People’s practice is limited,The world is infinite,Limited to the unlimited world with limited practice of human beings is ridiculous。There is an unlimited world outside the known world of a person,A world that has not arrived in a human practice。If the world exists only in practice,So practice is a closed prison,The expansion of human practice is to expand to a world that did not exist。Isn't it ridiculous?

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