Rosario Santa Gadea Duarte Director of the Center for China and Asia-Pacific Studies at the University of the Pacific in Peru、Professor of Economics。Main research field is Latin America、Regional bet365 bonus code louisiana and trade cooperation in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region，In Latin America、Europe、Many monographs published in the United States and China、Academic papers and research reports。

Dear participants attending this international forum，My sincerest greetings to you all from Lima, Peru。Today I will take the perspective of Latin American countries, especially Peru，Talk about China’s main experience as a contributor to global bet365 bonus code louisiana development，And how the “One Belt, One Road” initiative can help Latin American countries industrial structure adjustment and bet365 bonus code louisiana development。

　The main engine driving world bet365 bonus code louisiana growth

After decades of rapid development，China has become the world’s second largest economy after the United States，And become a major engine of world bet365 bonus code louisiana growth。Looking to the future，According to prediction，China will become the world’s largest economy by 2050。China has increasingly become the main driving force of world trade，It is the world’s largest exporter and second largest importer。Investment，China is now an important exporter of foreign direct investment，This is largely driven by its “going global” strategy。current，The world economy has been severely affected by the new coronavirus pandemic，But China’s bet365 bonus code louisiana development is still strong。It is the only major economy in the world to achieve positive GDP growth in 2020，And its bet365 bonus code louisiana growth rate in 2021 is obviously much higher than that of developed economies。According to International Monetary Fund forecast，This trend is likely to continue into 2022 and 2023。Long term，China’s development goal is to 2049，That is, the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China，Enter the ranks of developed countries，This means that China’s role as a contributor to the world economy will continue to be strengthened。In view of this，Other emerging economies such as Peru，Need to study how to use China’s development to promote its own bet365 bonus code louisiana growth and achieve industrial structure transformation，Especially to achieve self-positioning beyond major raw material exporting countries。We believe，The experience explored from China’s development process and the potential role played by the “One Belt, One Road” initiative will become a powerful means to achieve this goal。

　　bet365 bonus code louisiana experience in getting out of the “middle-income trap”

All Latin American economies, like China, are middle-income countries，And facing the “middle-income trap”。Broadly speaking，This concept refers to the bet365 bonus code louisiana growth trap，Meaning that some middle-income countries cannot maintain sufficient per capita bet365 bonus code louisiana growth，Failure to become a high-income country within a reasonable period of time。The inability to improve productivity is one of the most important reasons for the middle-income trap。In this regard，China’s strength is reflected in the fact that it has created the highest productivity in the Asia-Pacific region in the past few decades，Provides experience reference for other middle-income economies。Of course，We must also take into account the huge differences in systems between China and other economies。Therefore，This does not mean that we should completely copy China’s practices，Every country should find its own development path based on its actual situation。But China’s successful experience is mainly reflected in its extraordinary ability to formulate and implement long-term plans，And in Peru and other Latin American countries，Long-term planning is most lacking。In just a few decades，China has experienced unprecedented bet365 bonus code louisiana transformation。At first，It has completed the transformation from an agricultural economy to a "world factory"，Now it is transforming into an innovation-driven high-tech economy。We can learn from China’s industrial transformation，Especially with productivity growth、Mechanism to attract foreign direct investment and absorb foreign technology and expertise，And the role of special bet365 bonus code louisiana zones。Infrastructure construction is another key area of ​​reference provided by China，Other areas include regional development、Human capital、Open process、Innovation, etc.。There is another crucial aspect，The evolution of China’s export-oriented manufacturing model and its rise in the global value chain，This process could provide opportunities for export diversification in other emerging economies such as Peru。The challenge in this regard is that Peru and other Latin American countries’ bet365 bonus code louisiana relations with China are not focused on such products，But mainly in the export of raw materials and China’s key investment in the extractive industry。

　　Pay attention to the potential role of the “bet365 bonus code louisiana, One Road” initiative

China’s main bet365 bonus code louisiana partners in Latin America are Mexico and Argentina、Brazil、Chile and Peru。These countries are highly complementary to China，Vigorously promote regional bet365 bonus code louisiana prosperity through bilateral and multilateral cooperation，But the trade between the two sides is highly concentrated in primary products，Very susceptible to bet365 bonus code louisiana cycles、The impact of international demand fluctuations and commodity prices。In addition，Middle-income economies need to shift to higher value-added bet365 bonus code louisiana activities，Need to diversify exports and investments。Peru is the world’s major mineral exporter，Moving towards export diversification。In addition to traditional minerals，Peru’s fresh and processed food is gradually expanding its export scale。Manufacturing can be another complementary area for cooperation between the two parties，Especially those that can be embedded in the Asia Pacific supply chain、Intermediate products in the global value chain dominated by Chinese companies，Thereby integrating Peru into this process as a production center，The Belt and Road Initiative will be an opportunity to move towards this goal。

People usually think，The “One Belt, One Road” initiative is just a plan for China to invest in infrastructure construction in other countries。However，The core concept of this initiative is the establishment of bet365 bonus code louisiana corridors，Including interconnection infrastructure construction and production relying on special bet365 bonus code louisiana zones, etc.，To promote integration into global value chains。Therefore，The “Belt and Road” initiative also involves the construction of bet365 bonus code louisiana corridors，Not just infrastructure projects。The extension of this initiative to Latin America actually means the extension of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road in the Pacific。Therefore，Promoting the implementation of this initiative should not be limited to filling gaps in a country’s infrastructure construction，Instead, focus on infrastructure projects that can promote the development of trans-Pacific relations，Including logistics and other related production projects。Anyway，The extension of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative to Latin American countries should include the establishment of one or more trans-Pacific bet365 bonus code louisiana corridors，This will enrich the agenda and areas of cooperation with China。From this perspective，Every country should deploy at the national level，Make your own infrastructure、Logistics and production projects as part of future Trans-Pacific bet365 bonus code louisiana Corridor，Promote production diversification in Latin American countries、Improve competitiveness and ultimately promote bet365 bonus code louisiana development。