Broadly speaking，Knowledge may be as old as humanity。Knowledge is “the understanding of the objective world that people acquire in practice、Including the sum of human understanding and experience”。But intellectual bet with bet365 is an emerging research field，Has a relatively clear development context and academic tradition。The study of Western intellectual bet with bet365 originated from the "sociology of knowledge" proposed by Max Scheler in 1924，By Karl Mannheim、The development of Peter Burke and Thomas Luckmann，Mature day by day，This department represents the German tradition of intellectual bet with bet365。The French tradition was influenced by Durkheim (?The influence of Mile Durkheim and Michel Foucault，In particular, Foucault’s “Archaeology of Knowledge” has a far-reaching influence。The Anglo-American intellectual bet with bet365 tradition began with the study of the bet with bet365 of natural sciences，Closely related to the bet with bet365 of science，Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm theory triggered a subversive ideological revolution in the bet with bet365 and philosophy of science，Changed people’s understanding of science and even the world。

Domestic attention and introduction to intellectual bet with bet365 began in the late 1980s，Zhu Xiaoyuan noticed bet with bet365 and literature in modern Western historiography schools、The bet with bet365 of knowledge resulting from the combination of philosophy，Also known as the bet with bet365 of ideology or the bet with bet365 of ideological trends，Study the evolution of the ideological trends of the times and their impact on social structure。In recent years，Intellectual bet with bet365 has become a compelling frontier field in historical research，No longer limited to the focus on intellectual bet with bet365 itself，More and more colorful interdisciplines from the perspective of intellectual bet with bet365、Multi-topic research。More and more scholars have the theoretical consciousness and orientation of intellectual bet with bet365，Apply intellectual bet with bet365 as a research method and approach to your own research。

　What is intellectual bet with bet365

As Burke said at the beginning of "What is Intellectual bet with bet365": "Focus on the present，If ‘intellectual bet with bet365’ does not exist yet，Then it is necessary to invent it。”Visible，If intellectual bet with bet365 is regarded as an emerging branch of bet with bet365，It is indeed very young。Burke explains the related concepts of intellectual bet with bet365 in this book、Research Scope、Existing problems and research prospects。He gave a complete set of basic concepts，includes authority、Monopoly、Curiosity、Discipline、Innovation、Intellectuals、Polymath、Interdisciplinarity、Knowledge Management、Ignorance mechanism、Thinking style、Suppressed knowledge、Tacit knowledge, etc.，At the same time, the process of knowledge from acquisition to use is divided into collection、Analysis、Four stages of dissemination and application。

These are certainly very instructive，But sometimes it feels a little bit wrong。These concept groups or terms are certainly closely related to the bet with bet365 of knowledge，But Burke was not straightforward、A concise definition of intellectual bet with bet365，Therefore, it is inevitable that some readers will think that he is a bit "circular" in his narrative。What exactly is intellectual bet with bet365？The vagueness of its concept may be one of the characteristics of this emerging research field，It can be said that the bet with bet365 of knowledge has not yet matured、Systematic subject system，Even the boundaries and scope of research、Objective and meaning、The path and method have not yet been determined，Burke also admitted that intellectual bet with bet365 is still only a "sub-discipline"。

As more and more scholars continue to pay attention to the bet with bet365 of knowledge and the research progresses，The basic orientation and pursuit are increasingly clear。Yu Xinzhong pointed out: “Intellectual bet with bet365 not only focuses on the origin of knowledge between social culture and academic thought、Evolutionary context，At the same time, we also focus on exploring the production process and construction of knowledge、Distribution mechanism，Examining the social contextuality of knowledge，And reflect on the role of reflective knowledge in shaping social culture，And process knowledge that is taken for granted or regarded as classic today，To re-understand and think about this knowledge and the possibilities for its future development。”Intellectual bet with bet365 pays more attention than cultural bet with bet365、bet with bet365 of Thought、Academic bet with bet365、bet with bet365 of Philosophy、The bet with bet365 of science must be broad，Extended to the formation of almost all human knowledge、Propagation、Impact and Application。Plato once proposed the "three criteria" of knowledge: "justified"、“true” and “believed”。Obviously，“Knowledge” in the perspective of intellectual bet with bet365 goes far beyond the “Three Principles”。It can be said，The research field of intellectual bet with bet365 is extremely broad，And it is dynamic，Focus on process analysis。

German scholar Simone L?觌ssig) defines the bet with bet365 of knowledge as: “The bet with bet365 of society and culture that regards ‘knowledge’ as a phenomenon，It involves almost every aspect of human life，And use knowledge as a lens to examine the historical development and historical materials we are familiar with from a new perspective。”In his opinion，“Knowledge” becomes a kind of “lens”，Intellectual bet with bet365 is integrated into bet with bet365 or historical research，The emphasis is on intellectual bet with bet365 as a tool for historical analysis，It also corresponds to the bet with bet365 of knowledge as a method。Therefore，The bet with bet365 of knowledge as a method itself has prescriptive qualities，Become an element in defining "what is intellectual bet with bet365"。The dual aspects of intellectual bet with bet365 are clearly presented: intellectual bet with bet365 itself and intellectual bet with bet365 as a method。

　　bet with bet365 of knowledge as method

Research from the perspective of intellectual bet with bet365 has become increasingly common in the country in recent years，Not only attracted the attention of historical scholars，In Literature、Translation Studies、Sociology、Many scholars in geography and other fields also conduct research from the perspective of intellectual bet with bet365，However, the application of intellectual bet with bet365 is mainly in the field of bet with bet365。In addition to the well-known bet with bet365 of books and science，The bet with bet365 of knowledge in the bet with bet365 of ideas、Medical bet with bet365、Social and Cultural bet with bet365、Widely used in the field of conceptual bet with bet365。For example, Ge Zhaoguang writes the bet with bet365 of medieval Buddhist and Taoist thought from the perspective of intellectual bet with bet365 and the historical investigation of the introduction of Western astronomical knowledge into China、Yu Xinzhong proposed to integrate the "internal bet with bet365" and "external bet with bet365" of medical bet with bet365 research with the bet with bet365 of knowledge、Zhong Weimin evaluates the "spread of Western learning eastward" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the perspective of intellectual bet with bet365，They all consciously and clearly put forward the research path and scholarly orientation of the bet with bet365 of knowledge。Sang Bing with science、Art、Place、Minorities、Discipline construction and other examples are used to trace the knowledge and institutional transformation of modern China，Although he did not clearly put forward the declaration and method of intellectual bet with bet365，In fact, he is one of the earliest scholars in China to conduct research on conceptual bet with bet365 and institutional bet with bet365 from the perspective of intellectual bet with bet365。

In addition to the above fields，In recent years, intellectual bet with bet365 as a method has a tendency to be combined with other emerging historical trends，such as global bet with bet365、Gender bet with bet365, etc.。“Global bet with bet365 of Knowledge” focuses on how local knowledge crosses the boundaries of nature and civilization and is transformed into global knowledge，In the production of knowledge、Propagation、Conversion、Applying，Global bet with bet365 is most concerned about its intermediate links，That is, "the circulation of knowledge"。In Gender bet with bet365 Research，Some scholars are beginning to pay attention to different generations、The problem awareness and thinking style of the researchers in the subject，And try to establish a knowledge genealogy，Reflect on the researcher’s own knowledge background，To advance gender bet with bet365 research。It can be said，Intellectual bet with bet365 itself is an emerging research field，The integration of intellectual bet with bet365 as method and other emerging historical trends、Collision，Not only provides many possibilities for the vigorous development of intellectual bet with bet365 itself，It also promoted the development of other emerging historical schools，It may even give rise to new research fields and hot spots。

Another thing worth mentioning is，The application of intellectual bet with bet365 in the study of Dunhuang studies。Recently, some scholars have made attempts，Trying to break the traditional philological method of compiling Dunhuang books、Organized path，Use the perspective of knowledge bet with bet365 to analyze the content of knowledge at all levels of an era contained in Dunhuang books、Accumulation、Choose and be chosen、Describe and be described，Focus on the vertical growth of knowledge。Actually，Expand it，You can fully expect the bet with bet365 of knowledge to be studied in bamboo slips and silks、Application in Steleology，And the advancement of these fields has a great impact on bet with bet365、The development of archeology and even historical theory is of great significance。

　　Intellectual bet with bet365 and intellectual bet with bet365

The bet with bet365 of knowledge and the bet with bet365 of ideas are closely related，Differences again。Take the bet with bet365 of thought as an example，Exploring the bet with bet365 of knowledge as method may be a viable option。What can the bet with bet365 of knowledge as a method contribute to the bet with bet365 of ideas？What nourishment can we get from the bet with bet365 of thought？Ge Zhaoguang is one of the earliest scholars in China to explore the integration of intellectual bet with bet365 and intellectual bet with bet365 and achieve outstanding results。In the article "Another Form of bet with bet365 of Thought"，He noticed the “curtain” between knowledge and thought，That is, the limit，And criticized the "arrogance" of thought，Intentionally or unintentionally concealing one’s knowledge background，Resulting in the separation of intellectual bet with bet365 and intellectual bet with bet365。He said that his thoughts on ideas and knowledge were inspired by archaeological discoveries in recent years，There is a considerable amount of numerical and technical information，These are not within the research scope of intellectual bet with bet365。In the article "bet with bet365 of Knowledge and bet with bet365 of Ideas—The Second Way of Writing bet with bet365 of Ideas"，He writes: "It is the background of this knowledge，In the treacherous changes that support the bet with bet365 of thought，What makes all kinds of strange things in the bet with bet365 of thought、Weird thoughts have an understandable background and soil，Thoughts separated from the support of the knowledge system，Context will be lost。”This means that intellectual bet with bet365 can be used as the background of intellectual bet with bet365，Provide historical context。In addition，He clearly mentioned that knowledge should be examined at the "origin of the bet with bet365 of ideas"。This is about the early stage of thinking being born out of knowledge，The bet with bet365 of knowledge can contribute to the "examination of the source" of the bet with bet365 of thought。These two points answer the question of what contribution the bet with bet365 of knowledge has to the bet with bet365 of ideas。

Ge Zhaoguang pays more attention to the contribution of intellectual bet with bet365 to the bet with bet365 of thought，Intellectual bet with bet365 is presented as a method of studying the bet with bet365 of ideas。Except for the two points he mentioned，You can also add something，That is, the bet with bet365 of knowledge confuses the bet with bet365 of ideas。The bet with bet365 of ideas mostly focuses on classics、The "peak" in ideology and culture，The perspective of intellectual bet with bet365 makes people who were not at the bottom of the intellectual bet with bet365 perspective、Edge、Abandoned、Occluded、All kinds of suppressed knowledge are reappeared。

What nourishment can the bet with bet365 of knowledge get from the bet with bet365 of ideas？The author thinks that the following points may be considered。First，Intellectual bet with bet365 and intellectual bet with bet365 can be the background of each other，Ideological bet with bet365 can also provide intellectual background for the bet with bet365 of knowledge。Second，Thought as a special kind of knowledge，From the generation of thoughts、Rheology can provide a glimpse into the generation of general knowledge、Propagation mechanism。Third，The bet with bet365 of thought is not only about the pursuit of truth，There is also a desire to establish value，At present, intellectual bet with bet365 seems to have left the issue of value unconcerned，But the issue of value is an unavoidable and unavoidable issue in the knowledge system。

　Possible prospects and limitations

The study of intellectual bet with bet365 is in the ascendant。No matter how far away，At least for the foreseeable future，The development prospects are worth looking forward to。Intellectual bet with bet365 has its own unique charms and advantages。First，Knowledge symbolizes wisdom，Human pursuit of knowledge is as natural and ancient as the pursuit of beauty。From "theory of knowledge" to "sociology of knowledge" to "bet with bet365 of knowledge"，The exploration of "knowledge" has experienced a development trajectory from philosophy to sociology to bet with bet365，And science、Skills、Belief is also a research category in the bet with bet365 of knowledge。It can be said，The bet with bet365 of knowledge is all-encompassing，Integrating spirit and material，Through Humanities、Social Sciences、Natural Science and Religion。Therefore，bet with bet365 of knowledge as method，The possible areas of expansion are vast and boundless。

Secondly，Research on the bet with bet365 of knowledge can be “big or small”, “long or short”, “tiny or subtle”。This is the magical and fascinating quality of intellectual bet with bet365。Pan Sheng once made an insightful judgment，“Starting from the bet with bet365 of knowledge，Re-examining social changes (including social forms)，It will be an area worth looking forward to”。Intellectual bet with bet365 can be very useful in long-term macro-historical research (such as the bet with bet365 of civilizations that focuses on the progress and transformation of civilizations)，Eliminate the shortcomings of fragmentation in historical research。At the same time，Intellectual bet with bet365 is also handy in the field of micro-bet with bet365 research，It can cut into the dark depths of bet with bet365 from specific points，To touch the individual soul or the collective subconscious，Carlo Ginzburg has already shown us this possibility with his "Cheese and Maggots"。

But，We must realize that intellectual bet with bet365 also has significant limitations。The current domestic intellectual bet with bet365 research presents a double paradox。First, the “coldness” and “weakness” of the study of intellectual bet with bet365 itself and the “hotness” and “prosperity” of intellectual bet with bet365 as a method。Domestic academic circles’ attention and research on the bet with bet365 of knowledge itself，Compared to the popularity of intellectual bet with bet365 as a research path, it is still relatively weak。The second is the "specialization" of knowledge bet with bet365 and the "broadness" of knowledge bet with bet365 as a method。Intellectual bet with bet365 as a branch of bet with bet365，Like any subject，Must have its boundaries、Category、Methods and Paradigms，What matters is professionalism、Profound；As a method and perspective, intellectual bet with bet365 can be “everywhere” and “omnipotent”，Both “wide” and “wide”。In other words，bet with bet365 of knowledge as a subject and bet with bet365 of knowledge as a method，There is tension between the two in nature and requirements。The duality of intellectual bet with bet365 is its charm，It may also be the bottleneck of its development。

　　(The author is an assistant researcher at the Institute of Historical Theory, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)