At this year’s National Two Sessions，The third part of the government work report delivered by Premier Li Keqiang, "Government Work Tasks in 2022," proposed "steady implementation of national coordination of basic bet365 mobile for enterprise employees" (hereinafter referred to as "national coordination of bet365 mobile")。Previously，Announced at a press conference held by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on February 22，Starting from January this year, bet365 mobile will be coordinated nationwide。As the "first year" of national coordination of bet365 mobile，2022 is destined to leave a mark in the history of social security in our country。

　　Active exploration of the reform of the bet365 mobile system

The historical evidence of the emergence and development of the pension security system，The first pillar of basic bet365 mobile in all countries around the world is nationally coordinated。From the perspective of the development process of my country’s bet365 mobile，It has experienced a unique “bottom-up” social security reform process。The "Decision on the Reform of the bet365 mobile System for Enterprise Employees" issued by the State Council in 1991 (Guofa [1991] No. 33)，Kicked off the reform of my country’s basic bet365 mobile system for urban employees。This document determines that my country’s bet365 mobile will be implemented on a trial basis by the state、Basic principles of sharing responsibilities between enterprises and individuals，And proposed areas that have not yet tried to implement provincial pooling of basic bet365 mobile funds，We must create conditions，By city、Gradually transition from county-level coordination to provincial-level coordination。The "Notice on Deepening the Reform of the bet365 mobile System for Enterprise Employees" issued by the State Council in 1995 (Guofa [1995] No. 6)，Formally clarified that my country’s bet365 mobile system adopts the system model of “combining social pooling and personal accounts”，In view of the current situation of uneven pilot rates in various regions, two implementation methods are proposed for local selection。The "Decision on Establishing a Unified Basic bet365 mobile System for Enterprise Employees" issued by the State Council in 1997 (Guofa [1997] No. 26) stipulated a unified rate nationwide，And once again mentioned that the coordination level must gradually transition from the county level to the provincial level。In 2000, the State Council issued the "Notice on Issuing the Pilot Plan for Improving the Urban Social Security System" (Guo Fa [2000] No. 42) and in 2005 the State Council issued the "Decision on Improving the Basic bet365 mobile System for Enterprise Employees" (Guo Fa [2000] No. 42) Issued [2005] No. 38) to adjust rates and account ratios，Decided to implement a pilot program to solidify personal accounts，At the same time, it is emphasized that “on the basis of improving municipal coordination，Improving the level of coordination as soon as possible，Achieving provincial-level coordination”。To this point，The main framework of my country’s bet365 mobile has been basically finalized and is in operation to this day。Afterwards，Expressions similar to “improving the level of coordination” or “achieving provincial coordination” have also appeared in departmental regulations issued at the ministry level，Even the former Ministry of Labor and Social Security in 2007、The Ministry of Finance also jointly issued the "Notice on Issues Concerning Promoting the Provincial Coordination of Basic bet365 mobile for Enterprise Employees" (Ministry of Labor and Social Security [2007] No. 3) in order to achieve provincial co-ordination.，But it only proposed the "six unifications"，That is, the entire province implements unified systems and policies、Uniform rates and fee base、Unified accounting and payment methods and coordinated projects、Unified fund scheduling and use、Unified budget management、Unified business process。Even according to the standard of "six unifications"，The "Audit Results Announcement" released by the National Audit Office in 2012 showed that 17 provinces did not meet the standards。Actually，The so-called provincial level coordination standard only refers to the implementation of unified collection and expenditure of payment income and expenditure at the provincial level，Nothing else but this。

A review of the history of the above social security system shows，The development of my country’s bet365 mobile system is a typical case of “crossing the river by feeling for the stones” reform，The pilot starts from the grassroots level，Then sum up the experience and finally promote it to the whole country，Experienced a bottom-up approach、Continuous testing、The process of gradual unification。Therefore，Retaining the management of payment revenue and expenditure at the grassroots level and maintaining a very low coordination level becomes one of the choices。Under the historical conditions at that time，This is a natural result of the reform path，It can also be called a reform strategy。

　　National coordination of bet365 mobile is the general trend

The bet365 mobile system with low coordination level，There must be many flaws in its running quality，This can easily lead to institutional fragmentation。For example，The rates and fee bases are not consistent，Unequal treatment levels，Uneven collection intensity，Business process failure，Poor portability，Systems have different effects，There is a financial risk，etc.。At the beginning of the reform of the bet365 mobile system，Expanding coverage and ensuring pension payment as soon as possible have become top priorities。In the institutional environment where the overall coordination level is "sinking"，The fund accounting unit and the fund coordinating unit are combined into one，The responsibility to collect and pay is consistent with the obligation to issue，This constitutes a strong motivation to expand coverage，The continuous joining of new members brings a steady stream of bet365 mobile premium income，Supported the fund’s balance of payments，Meeted the system requirements to ensure that pensions are paid out in full and on time，Contributed to the development of market economy。So，After more than 20 years of hard exploration，We finally formed a coverage rate of over 90%、The single bet365 mobile system covering the largest number of people in the world。But，The two most prominent problems caused by the low level of coordination are poor portability、Fiscal risks are increasing day by day。First, portability。The so-called "portability"，Refers to the ease with which the bet365 mobile can be carried around when the insured moves freely in the labor market。Since the overall planning level is based on districts and counties，When migrant workers move across counties and regions, they can only cancel their insurance at the original place of work，Then re-enroll in insurance at the new job site，The bet365 mobile rights of the insured cannot be calculated continuously，“Loss of portability” seriously damages the vital interests of the insured，Becoming an obstacle to free movement in the labor market。In 1995, when my country’s bet365 mobile was first piloted，The number of floating population is very small，Only 47.58 million people，The contradiction of portability barriers is not yet very prominent，But it increased rapidly after that，The results of the seventh national census released in 2021 show，The floating population has reached 3.7.6 billion people，The problem of low coordination level needs to be solved urgently。2009 "Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Forwarding the Interim Measures for the Transfer and Continuation of Basic bet365 mobile Relationships for Urban Enterprise Employees of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance" (Guobanfa [2009] No. 66) initially alleviated the problems caused by the low level of coordination The "portability loss"。However, it still takes a long time of 6 months to complete the procedures at both the place of outflow and the place of inflow，And the overall fund cannot be completely transferred，Poor “Customer Experience”。To this，There are also proposals submitted by CPPCC members at this year’s National Two Sessions，Calling for social security renewal to follow the principle of “money follows the person”，It is recommended to “unlink part of the social pooling amount from the place of payment”。The second is financial risk。Due to the low level of fund accounting units，Relevant financial departments have to pay attention to the low level of economic development、Certain transfer payments will be made in areas where retirees from state-owned enterprises are concentrated。In the initial stage，The scale of fiscal intervention is not large，The burden is not too heavy。But with the expansion of population mobility and the increase in the number of migrant workers，The spatial distribution of population gradually converges towards developed areas，Income from bet365 mobile premiums in developed areas continues to increase，And young migrant workers in underdeveloped areas continue to flow，bet365 mobile premium income also flows out，Fund accumulation gradually decreases，The structural contradiction between the income and expenditure of the bet365 mobile system is gradually highlighted。The fund income of developed provinces is increasing，Income in underdeveloped areas is getting smaller and smaller，Starting to make ends meet。After entering the second decade of the 21st century，There are more and more provinces in my country where pension income cannot cover the expenses。To ensure that pensions are paid out in full and on time，The central and local finance transfer payments to provinces with funding gaps have increased year by year，The financial burden is getting heavier and heavier: in 1998, the basic bet365 mobile fund for financial subsidies at all levels was only 2.4 billion yuan，A record high of 800.4 billion yuan by 2017，It is urgent to realize the national coordination of bet365 mobile。

　　Prospects for the National Coordination of bet365 mobile

The implementation of national co-ordination of bet365 mobile can balance the balance of regional fund revenue and expenditure，Reducing financial expenditure pressure，It can also greatly improve the quality of system operation，Enhance fairness，Completely eliminate portability barriers to labor mobility，Conducive to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of insured persons。To achieve national coordination of bet365 mobile，Our country has implemented two transitional measures since 2018。The first is to implement the central adjustment system。The central adjustment system was first established in July 2018，The adjustment ratio for current payment income in the current year is 3.0%。Later，2019、2020、The adjustment ratio in 2021 will increase year by year，3 respectively.5%、4.0% and 4.5%，More than 600 billion yuan in cross-provincial funds transfer in 4 years，Relieving financial pressure at all levels to a considerable extent，Laid a solid foundation for the realization of national co-ordination of bet365 mobile。The second transitional measure is to achieve provincial coordination。The "Comprehensive Plan for Reducing Social Insurance Premiums" issued by the General Office of the State Council in 2019 (Guobanfa [2019] No. 13)，Proposed to accelerate the provincial coordination of basic bet365 mobile for enterprise employees，Clearly stipulates that the provincial-level unified collection and expenditure of basic bet365 mobile funds for enterprise employees will be realized before the end of 2020。Under the unified arrangement of the central government，After two years of hard work，By the end of 2020, the country will realize the unified collection and expenditure of current bet365 mobile premiums as scheduled。Soon，The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in October 2020 proposed the next step of “realizing national coordination of basic bet365 mobile”，The "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 2035 Vision Goals Outline accordingly reiterate this reform goal。After a year of preparation，National pooling of bet365 mobile will be implemented in January 2022。The "Report on the Implementation of the Central and Local Budgets in 2021 and the Draft Central and Local Budgets in 2022" reviewed during the National Two Sessions summarized the main content of the national coordination of bet365 mobile as the establishment of "three mechanisms"，That is, the central unified management mechanism、Long-term mechanism for local fiscal supplementary bet365 mobile fund investment、Work assessment mechanism，The purpose is to effectively consolidate local responsibilities，Establishing national overall coordination funds，Reasonably adjust the surplus and shortage of funds between regions。Judging from the main contents of national coordination summarized in the report，The national pooling of bet365 mobile implemented this time is a “dynamic concept”，Reflects phased implementation、Step by step、A "dynamic process" of gradually transitioning to national coordination in the complete sense of unified revenue and expenditure。

Actually，The meaning of national pooling of bet365 mobile is very clear，The flow of payment funds should be coordinated and funded at the national level。But，If national coordination is achieved in one step, it means that the risks of fiscal responsibility will accumulate upwards，Therefore it is necessary to "dilute" national coordination into a "dynamic process"，"Lengthening" the process of realizing national coordination，Carry out "stress testing" gradually in stages，Spreading financial risks，Consolidate fund income。From this perspective，The current method of raising funds on a proportional basis to establish a “small fund pool” is the first stage of implementing national co-ordination of bet365 mobile，The basic principle should be to give full play to the initiative of both the central and local governments，Establish a bottom-up mechanism for central and local financial responsibilities，Prevent fiscal risks from gathering in the central government；The specific road map should be based on the implementation of the central adjustment system over the past four years，Establishing a national overall adjustment fund，Raise funds according to a certain proportion from provinces with surplus payment in the current period，Allocate funds according to a certain proportion to provinces with gaps in current revenue and expenditure and share responsibilities with local finances；The basic rule for the operation of the national overall adjustment fund should be to implement two lines of revenue and expenditure，Special funds for exclusive use，Create separate accounts，Separate accounting。When the time is right，National coordination should enter the second stage，To raise the full amount of current payment income and establish a "large fund pool" of the "National Coordination Adjustment Fund"，Implement unified revenue and expenditure at the national level。Looking forward to the "dynamic process" of the "multi-stage arrangement" of national bet365 mobile, we can see，This is a very complex and huge project，Has both Chinese characteristics，And rich in Chinese wisdom。Among them，The first phase of national pooling of bet365 mobile is essentially an “upgraded version” of the central adjustment system，It is another important milestone in the "bottom-up" reform in the history of my country's social security。

　(The author is a member bet365 mobile National Committee bet365 mobile Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference、Distinguished Professor, School of Government, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)