At this year's National Two Sessions，The Government Work Report made by Premier Li Keqiang part III "2022 Government Work Mission" proposes to "steadily implement the national overall planning of basic pension insurance for enterprise employees" (hereinafter referred to as "nationwide coordination of endowment insurance")。Previous，Announcement of press conference held by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on February 22，From January this year, pension insurance implements nationwide overall planning。The "first year" as a nationwide overall plan for endowment insurance，2022 is destined to leave a strong stroke in the history of my country's social security。

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History of the history of the pension guarantee system，Basic endowment insurance in the world's first pillars in the world is all of which。From the course of the development of pension insurance in my country，It has experienced a unique "bottom -up" social security reform process。The "Decision on the Reform of the Enterprise Employee Pension Insurance System Reform" issued by the State Council in 1991 (Guofa [1991] No. 33)，The prelude to the reform of the basic endowment insurance system in my country's urban employees。This file determines that my country's endowment insurance is tried by the country、Basic principles of the three parties of enterprises and individuals，And proposed a region that has not been tried on the provincial -level coordinating of the basic endowment insurance fund，To create conditions，from the city、County -level co -ordination gradually transitions to provincial -level coordination。The "Notice on Deepening the Reform of the Enterprise Pension Insurance System" issued by the State Council in 1995 (Guo Fa [1995] No. 6)，Formally clarify that my country's pension insurance system adopts the institutional model of "combining social coordination with personal accounts"，and propose two embodiments to choose two implementation methods for local pilots。The "Decision on Establishing a Unified Enterprise Workers' Basic Pension Insurance System" (Guo Fa [1997] No. 26) issued by the State Council in 1997 (Guo Fa [1997]) stipulated a unified rate nationwide，Bet365 lotto review And again mention that the level of overall planning must gradually transition from county level to provincial level。The "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Pilot Program of the Social Security System in the Urban Social Security System" (Guofa [2000] No. 42) issued by the State Council in 2000 and the "Decision on improving the basic endowment insurance system for enterprise employees" issued by the State Council in 2005 (National Issuing [2005] No. 38) Adjust the rate and account ratio，Decide to implement a pilot of a real personal account，At the same time, it emphasizes "on the basis of improving the city -level overall plan，Improve the overall level as soon as possible，Realize provincial -level coordination "。So far，The main framework of our country's endowment insurance is basically set and operated today。，There have been similar expressions in the departmental rules and regulations issued at the ministry level.，Even the Ministry of Labor and Social Security in 2007、The Ministry of Finance has jointly issued the provincial -level overall planning and jointly issued the "Notice on Promoting the Provincial Pension Insurance of Employees of Employees" (the Ministry of Labor News Agency [2007] No. 3)，But I just proposed "Six Unification"，That is, the province implements a unified system and policy、Unified rate and Feiji、Unified development method and coordinated project、Unified fund scheduling use、Unified budget management、Unified business process。Even according to the standard of "six unification"，The "Audit Results Announcement" announced by the National Audit Office in 2012 shows that there are 17 provinces that do not meet the standards。Actually，The so -called provincial -level overall standards only refer to the unified collection of payment income and expenditure at the provincial level，There is no one for him。

Review and display of the above history of social security system，The development of my country's endowment insurance system is a typical case of "crossing the river with stones" reform，The pilot starts from the most at the grassroots level，Then summarize the experience and finally push to the whole country，I experienced a bottom -up、constantly test、The process of gradually unified。From this，The management of payment revenue and expenditure "stay" at the grassroots level and maintain a very low overall Bet365 app download level to become one of the choices。Under the historical conditions at that time，This is both the natural result of the reform path，It can also be called a reform strategy。

　　Pension insurance nationwide coordination is the general trend

The endowment insurance system at a low -level level，Its operating quality will definitely exist in many flaws，It is easy to cause institutional fragmentation。For example，Tarral rates are not consistent，Unexpected treatment level，Unewal efforts to collect，Business process is lost，Poor portability，System results are different，F financial risks，etc.。At the beginning of the reform of the endowment insurance system，Expand the coverage as soon as possible and ensure that the pension is issued as the urgent service。Under the institutional environment of "sinking" at the overall level，Fund accounting units and fund co -ordination units are combined into one，The responsibilities and obligations are consistent with the obligation to distribute，This constitutes a powerful motivation to expand coverage，The continuous addition of new members brings a steady stream of pension insurance premium income，supporting the fund's income and expenditure balance，System requirements to ensure that pensions are issued in full and full，I contributed to the development of the market economy。So，After more than 20 years of hard exploration，We finally formed a coverage rate exceeding 90%、The most coverage of the single pension insurance system with the largest number of people around the world。but，The two most prominent problems brought by the low level of overall level are poor portability、fiscal risks are increasing daily。One is portability。The so -called "portability"，refers to the convenience that the insured person can carry with you when the insured person is freely flowing in the labor market。Due to the district and county as the unit，When the migrant workers are flowing in different places, they can only surrender at the original construction site，Then re -participate in the new construction site，Insured people's endowment insurance rights cannot be continuously calculated，"Portable Loss" seriously damages the vital interests of participants，Become an obstacle to the free flow of the labor market。1995, which was piloted in my country's pension insurance, 1995，The number of flowing Bet365 lotto review population is small，Only 47.58 million people，The contradiction of portability disorders is not very prominent，But it has increased rapidly since then，The seventh national census results released in 2021 show，The flow of flowing has reached 376 million people，Low -level problems need to be solved urgently。2009 "Notice of the General Office of the State Council on forwarding the Interim Measures for the Transfer Measures for the Transfer of the Urban Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise of the Ministry of Finance and Social Security of Human Resources" (National Office [2009] No. 66) initially slowed down the low overall level. "Portable loss"。But the "two ends" processing procedures for the outflow of the population and the place where the outflow are flowing in 6 months.，and the Fund Fund cannot be completely transferred，"Customer Experience" is not good。For this，This year's National CPPCC members also submitted proposals for the CPPCC，Call for social security to continue to follow the principle of "money with people"，It is recommended that "social overall planning part of the amount and the placement of the place of payment"。The second is fiscal risk。Due to the low level of the fund accounting unit，The relevant financial department has to have a lower level of economic development、A certain area where the retirees of state -owned enterprise are concentrated for a certain transfer payment。In the initial stage，The scale of financial intervention is not large，The burden is not too heavy。But with the expansion of the population flow and the increase in the number of workers in different places，Population space distribution gradually gather to developed areas，Increase income of endowment insurance premiums in developed areas continues to increase，and young people who are not developed areas continue to flow，Endowment insurance premium income also flows out，Fund accumulation gradually decreases，The structural contradiction between the income and expenditure of the endowment insurance system gradually highlights。Fund income in developed provinces is increasing，Increase in income in the underwriting area is getting less and less，Beginning the phenomenon of inconsistency。After entering the second 10 years of the 21st century，More and more provinces that are not undergoing pensions in our country are getting more and more。To ensure pensions and bet365 live casino games issue it on time，Central and local finances have increased the transfer payment of provinces with funding gaps year by year，Financial burden is getting heavier: In 1998, the basic pension insurance fund at all levels at all levels was only 2.4 billion yuan，By 2017, a historical high of 80.4 billion yuan，It is imminent to achieve pension insurance nationwide。

　　Pension Insurance's Outlook for Overview of Pension Insurance

Implementation of pension insurance nationwide overall planning can balance regional fund income and expenditure，Reduce the pressure of fiscal expenditure，can also greatly improve the quality of the system operation，Enhanced fairness，Portable disorders existing when the labor flow is completely eliminated，It is conducive to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the insured。To achieve the nationwide coordination of endowment insurance，Since 2018, my country has implemented two transitional measures。The first is to implement the central regulation system。In July 2018, the central adjustment system was established，The proportion of adjustment to the current payment income of the current year was 3.0%。Subsequent，2019、2020、The proportion of adjustments in 2021 increases year by year，3.5%、4.0%and 4.5%，4 -year adjustment of more than 600 billion yuan in provincial funds，To a considerable extent, it relieves financial pressure at all levels，It laid a solid foundation for the overall planning of endowment insurance。The second transitional measure is to achieve provincial -level coordination。The "Comprehensive Plan for Reduction of Social Insurance Rate" released by the General Office of the State Council in 2019 (National Office Fa [2019] No. 13)，Proposal to accelerate the provincial -level coordination of basic pension insurance for enterprises，It is clearly stipulated that the provincial unified collection of the basic endowment insurance fund of enterprise employees by the end of 2020。Under the unified arrangement of the central government，After two years of hard work，By the end of 2020, the country will realize the unified collection of current pension insurance fees。immediately，The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee of the Party held in October 2020 proposed the next step in the goal of "achieving basic pension insurance nationwide"，"Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" and 2035 Far -View Target Outline to reiterate this reform target。After a year of preparation，In January Bet365 lotto review 2022。The "Report on the implementation of the central and local budgets in 2021 and the report of the central and local budgets in 2022 and 2022" the main content of the nationwide coordination of pension insurance is to establish a "three mechanisms"，That is the central unified management mechanism、Local financial supplementary endowment insurance fund investment long -term mechanism、Work assessment mechanism，Its purpose is to effectively compact local responsibilities，Establish a national coordinated adjustment fund，Reasonable adjustment of the regional interval fund balance。From the main content of the nationwide coordinated nationwide in this report，The nationwide coordination of the pension insurance implemented this time is a "dynamic concept"，It embodies the implementation of stages、step by step、A "dynamic process" that gradually transitions to the whole country in the complete sense of unified collection and expenditure。

Actually，Pension insurance implements the meaning of nationwide overall planning is very clear，The flow of their payment funds shall be implemented at the national level。but，If you achieve a nationwide coordination in one step, it means the risk of the liability of fiscal pockets gathered up，Therefore, it is necessary to "dilute" the nation's overall planning into a "dynamic process"，"Extending" to achieve the process of overall planning，Gradually perform "pressure test" in stages，Diversified fiscal risks，Consolidate fund income。From this perspective，The current method of establishing a "small capital pool" based on the proportion of funding is the first stage of implementing the nationwide coordination of endowment insurance，Its basic principles should be to give full play to the two enthusiasm of the central and local governments at the same time，Establishing the Mechanism of the British Land of Finance，Prevent fiscal risks from gathering towards the central government; its specific road diagram should be based on the implementation of the centralized system in the past 4 years，Establish a national coordinated adjustment fund，From the current period of payment, the province with balances will raise funds in a certain proportion，The provinces that have a gap in the current period of income and expenditure allocate funds according to a proportion and sharing responsibilities with local finances; the basic rules of its national Bet365 lotto review coordinated fund operation should be two lines of revenue and expenditure，Build accounts separately，Build accounts separately，Calculate alone。When the time is ripe，National overall plan should enter the second stage，Pay the current payment income in full raising and establish a "national coordinated adjustment fund" for the "big capital pool"，Implement the national level of unified collection。Looking forward to the "multi -stage arrangement" of the "multi -stage arrangement" of pension insurance nationwide，This is a very complicated huge project，Both Chinese characteristics，It is rich in Chinese wisdom。Where，The first stage of pension insurance nationwide is essentially the "upgraded version" of the central adjustment system，is another important milestone in the history of my country's social security in China。

　(The author is a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference、Special professor of government management colleges of the University of China)