Reliability is reliable，Refers to the same method to repeat the same object when the same object is measured，The degree of the results of the income is consistent。Belief is the basis of investigation and research，No trust，Research materials are "unreliable"，Not suitable for further analysis。Social Sciences，Quantitative research attaches great importance to the reliability of the survey data，Derivation of multiple reliability measurement methods。Commonly used reliability analysis methods include re -measured trust、Refused Ben Trust、Internal consistency trust, etc.，and improve data reliability through the improvement of questionnaire design and research methods。It can be said，Pay attention to the investigation letter and improve the survey method，is the basis for the continuous improvement of quantitative research。Comparison of comparison，Quality survey lacks special discussion on faith issues，Even without the problem of the problem of faithfulness，Survey is low。Especially the field of grassroots governance，Because the complexity of the research object，The problem of insufficient trustworthiness is particularly prominent，It is an academic issue that urgently needs to explore。

　　bet365 best casino games The basic significance of the research

Grassroots governance is an important research area in China's social science community in recent years，Political Science、Sociology、Public Management and other disciplines carried out a large number of investigations and research on grassroots governance。Strong reality of grassroots governance，Many issues involved，County (district)、Township (town、Street)、Village (community) is the field of grass bet365 live casino games -roots research，attracted a large number of scholars。As a popular academic field，Grassroots governance has formed a large number of academic results，To know China's grass -roots government、Local society provides an important experience basis。But at the same time，Investigation and research on grass -roots governance is incomplete，Low -level research work is full of it，Many academic issues need to be valued。Where，Low the low reliability of grass -roots governance research is one of the key issues，The survey information "Unreliable"，The academic perspective formed by it must not have credibility。

Low in trust in the field of grassroots governance，There are many performances。For example，I used to go to a street to investigate the mechanism of grid governance and its results。When I went for the first time，Director of the Sub -district Office Received Research Group，Passionately describes the effectiveness of their grid governance，Grid management integration refined service，Information Platform Lien Micrnet Volunteer Volunteer Team，These are very prominent innovations，Leave a deep impression on the research team。but，When we go back to visit when we one month，Because the leader has something，The civil affairs officer of the street is responsible for reception and exchange，His evaluation of grid governance is completely different，It is believed that the substantial results of the original grassroots governance system are not much different，And because of the assessment task of the grid，Increased administrative costs。This is a typical low credibility problem，The same issue，Different periods、The information and evaluation presented by different interviewees are completely different。The embarrassment of this grass -roots research Most researchers will encounter，If you get the information, get the treasure，But then the survey found that the previous information bet365 live casino games was completely unreliable。Is this material used or not?

　The low -level research reliability of grass -roots governanceThree points of reasons

Judging by my personal experience，The experience of the grassroots governance is lower than that of other research areas。For example，In labor research、Family Studies，Make multiple investigations，Different data results are not particularly large。So why is the experience of grassroots governance lower than that? There are about three reasons for this: time difference、Differences and propaganda orientation。

First is time difference。Different from other party and government work，Grassroots governance does not have much rigidity，Governance concept、Governance method、The effectiveness of governance is more flexible。This causes a large difference in the governance of the grassroots level，Local conditions、Supervisor、Leadership concept、Fiscal resources and other reasons will cause grassroots governance to change at different times。And，All places have strong innovative requirements for grassroots governance，The governance of the grassroots is constantly pushing out of the new，Pursue a new highlight。So，Differences in time are likely to make the experience of grassroots governance low，Last year's approach had to be changed this year，Last year's results may not necessarily continue to this year。

Followed by main differences。Grassroots governance is an abstract research object，The development of the survey requires observation and interviews with grass -roots subjects。and the main body involved in grassroots governance is extremely diverse，This can easily lead to the information obtained from different subjects and evaluations.。For example，Social organizations to undertake public services at the grassroots level are important measures for governance innovation in recent years，Some conventional public services are taken bet365 Play online games over by social organizations，Not only cultivated social organizations，reduced the pressure of the street and the neighborhood committee。It stands to reason that this governance innovation should be well received by all parties，But the actual situation is not this，Often the superior government agrees，Social Organization is very happy，But the grassroots community is not satisfied。Some communities think，Public service outsourced package for social organizations，Social organizations will cut management costs，No money is used on community services。And，Social Organization only does outsourced affairs，Do not participate in other services in the community，Change the atmosphere of the community team，Added a lot of contradictions。This main evaluation difference is extremely common in grassroots governance，It will cause many investigations to find unstable，Change an interview object，Grassroots governance shows a completely different look。

Once again, the propaganda -oriented alternative practice expression。Grassroots governance is an important job of grass -roots governments in various places，Accompanied by performance assessment pressure。So，To show the effectiveness of the work，Dialogue expression of grassroots governance often has strong propaganda orientation。Under the influence of propaganda orientation，The ideal state of governance may replace the status quo description，Advantages are amplified，Disadvantages are covered。This phenomenon in investigation is very common，The words obtained by the interview are mostly propaganda，Policy and discourse innovation a lot，But it is difficult to practice innovation。Publicity expressions are very common in grassroots work，But academic research is a big difficulty，Publicity discourse as an experience material if it is not distinguished，Then the reliability of academic data will be reduced。

Different time、Different bet365 live casino games body differences、Propaganda orientation is the main reason that affects the reliability of the grass -roots research experience，And three factors will be superimposed with each other，Common impact。So，Although the threshold of the grass -roots governance seems to be low，But because the overall trust is low，So the actual information acquisition is very difficult。

　Use multi -dimensional methodEnhance the experience in the survey

Facing the above -mentioned problems in the face of grassroots governance，There are three survey methods that can be used to enhance the reliability of experience: participation observation、bet365 best casino games Tracking survey、Multi -dimensional information。

The first is participating observation，This is the basic way to enhance the reliability of the grass -roots survey data。Participating Observation，is the real field of entering the grassroots governance，Observe the process and effectiveness of grassroots governance in the details of practice。As described earlier，The content of grassroots governance is complicated，Various practices in various places，And practical experience mixed with promotional discourse，The real process is not simply through the interview、If the discussion can be understood。Participating Observation，A three -dimensional understanding of the details of grassroots governance，to get more real information。For example，Wu Yi shows a classic grass -roots governance case，Various governance technologies are hidden and complicated，Only in -depth participation can you observe it in detail。If there is only a general discussion and exchange、Information Check，It is impossible to write such vivid works。

The second is tracking survey，This is to increase the information of the grassroots survey from the span of time。Research on grass -roots governance is not news report，No need to pay too much attention to timely，On the contrary, we should maintain a certain time distance。Academic research on the grassroots should not be promoted after short -term surveys，Urgent opinion，Bet365 lotto review should be observed multiple times in the tracking survey，To enhance the credibility of the data and the stability of the conclusion。For example, Rongjingben、Yang Xuedong's research on the "pressure system"，is a masterpiece in the field of grassroots governance，It has a long time span for its survey，Experience information has a high degree of trust。

The third is multi -dimensional information，Multi -type、Multi -subject information confirm each other，Enhance the trust of the experience materials。The work of grassroots governance is all -encompassing，There are many subjects involved，The types of data presented are also diverse。This is both a difficult point for investigation，It is also a survey resource。For example，If you investigate the public service at the grassroots level，The subject involved includes the district and county department、Town Street Government、Community two committees、Community residents、Social Organization, etc.，Each subject has its own information side，There are different views of views，You must investigate to have a comprehensive understanding。At the same time，The type of data is also diverse，Interview materials、Statistics、Work Report、Statistics、Observation Record、Video material、physical space, etc.，All information related to grass -roots governance，Only collect multiple types of information，Confirmation of each other，Only to have a better experience of experience。

So，A survey of grassroots governance seems easy，It is actually difficult，Most research does not even meet the credibility requirements of the data，Research value。To improve the academic research level of grassroots governance，First of all, you need to pay attention to the information of the data，Form another set of academic specifications，Improve the overall trust level of the research in this field。Participating Observation、bet365 best casino games Tracking survey、Multi -dimensional information is the three ways to upgrade the trials in this article，Main practical experience from the author。Of course，The time and energy of the investigation，Most research is difficult to achieve the above three aspects at the same time，But as a method specification，These three aspects should be the direction of the efforts of research work。

　(The author is a professor at Nanjing University Social College)