Ocean Stone Carvings Heritage is a category of material cultural heritage category with unique significance in my country's marine heritage。The so -called marine stone carving heritage，Usually refers to it in the coastal area of ​​our country、Taking stone as a carrier，All kinds of stone carvings expressing the theme of marine social and cultural themes，It also includes a part of the sea -related stone carvings in the inland area。Marine Stone Carvings Heritage is a historical testimony of Chinese marine civilization，It is an important historical memory of people -related people in the past，It contains rich marine cultural information。Current，Ocean Stone Carvings Heritage faces an increasingly urgent protection crisis，And learn from the International Marine Heritage Protection Experience，Crossing Nature -Cultural Binary Outlook，It helps to promote the current protection of marine stone carvings in my country。

　　bet365 live casino games attributes and its classification

China has long used the tradition of using the ocean and depicting the ocean。As early as the Neolithic period，Early humans living in the coastal area have begun to use stones as expression tools，In the Bayqiu site in the southeast coast，I found some preserved sun worshiping stone carvings，This is the earliest marine stone carving art。Since the Qin and Han dynasties，As the coastal region gradually develops，People use ocean activities to become more frequent，Marine stone carvings also increase accordingly，and eventually formed a variety of Chinese marine stone carvings。It can be seen from the field survey，There are many types of marine stone carvings that are currently bet365 best casino games reserved in all parts of my country，In a broad sense，It can be divided into stone engraving buildings、Stone carved statue、Three categories of stone carvings such as stone carvings。where，Stone carved buildings include cities、Harbor、Gong Temple、Bridge、Lighthouse、Sea -related buildings formed by stone -based buildings，As in the early Ming Dynasty, in order to deal with pirates、The threat of the pirate，A large number of coastal guards have been built in the Ring China Sea，Although most of these cities have been destroyed，But there are still some stone castles saved，Poor part of the Heritage Heritage Heritage。Stone carved statues refer to the stone carving art statue of the sea -related stone -related art，Including all kinds of idols and sea -related stone carvings、Stone carving art works。Speaking in a narrow sense，Marine Stone Carvings Heritage refers to stone carvings documents，All kinds of sea -related stone carvings with stones as a carrier，such as cliff stone carvings、Stele inscriptions, etc.。Because the situation of the first two types of marine stone carvings is more complicated，Ocean stone carvings in this article，For the time being, use a narrow classification，That is to refer to the category of marine stone carvings in history。

According to the content of the stone carvings，This part of the marine stone carving heritage can be initially divided into sea defense and sea and land safety、Marine production and management、Marine religious culture and other categories。Among them，Including the stone carvings of the naval defense and records of all ages。History，Central and local governments in the process of strategic ocean，In particular, paying attention to the safety of Haijiang，Therefore, many coastal regions have left stone carvings in the coastal area。Typical people, such as a Ming Dynasty coastal defense center in Zhe'an County, Fujian Province, the city of the Hanging Clock bet365 best casino games House, which is stored in the cliff stone carvings left by the 29 Ming Dynasty Sea Defense Institute，Is the largest number in my country at present、Save the most complete Ming Dynasty coastal defense officers and soldiers stone carvings，concentratedly shows the social network and cultural activities of the southeast coastal health in the Ming Dynasty。other，Marine Defense Stone Carvings Heritage，Many of them are also about fighting against foreign enemies，For example, there are "Shen You Rongyu Retreating Red Mao Fan" monument in the Tianhou Palace of Penghu City, Penghu City, Penghu County, Taiwan，The monument records the thirty years of Ming Wanli (1602).，It is the earliest stone monument found in Taiwan at present。Similarly，It is also preserved at the foothills of Wu Laofeng, Xiamen, and also reflects the coastal stone carvings of the Western colonialist in the southeast coast of the Ming Dynasty at the same time.。One is "Chen Di on the cliff on the west side of the Tibetan Scripture Pavilion in the Nantu Temple in Xiamen、Shen You Rong Title Name Stone Carvings "，The cliff stone carvings are titled in the twenty -nine years of Wanli，records the famous patriotic general Chen Di in the Ming Dynasty、Shen Yourong Tongyou Wu Laofeng、Trip of discussing against foreign enemies。The second is "Xu Yiming and other" in Hongshan Temple in Hongshan Park, Xiamen "，The stone carving title will be opened for two years tomorrow，records the deeds of the Dutch East India Company, the Dutch East India Company who invaded the seas of the Dutch of the Golden Field of Fujian。The third is "Zhu Yifeng attacking Hongyi Carving Stone" in Huxiyan Temple, Huxiyan, Siming District, Xiamen，The stone carvings are launched for three years tomorrow，Documented the then Funing Road, Zhu Yifeng, led the army to attack Xiamen、Dutch colonials in Gulangyu and other places。These coastal defense Bet365 app download stone carvings inheritance，Has a strong commemorative significance。Most of these coastal defense titles are named stone carvings，It is a memorial construction of the safety of the generals in the past of the soldiers in the past，It can also be regarded as a marine stone carving heritage with a "monument" meaning。

In addition to the above -mentioned coastal stone carvings，There are also a considerable part of the marine stone carving heritage belonging to the category of marine production and management。Typical people such as Shitong Song Dynasty Haijiao Prayer Wind Stone Carvings preserved on the 9th day of Quanzhou，It is a precious stone carvings of the local marine navigation ceremony of Quanzhou in the Song Dynasty，It is also an important record of history of the Shanghai Silk Road。Similarly，Many harbor areas along the coast of Fujian，It also retains a large number of "docking monuments" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，These are also stone carvings of local marine production。other，Some marine stone carvings also involve the management of the past government's management of the ocean or the custom of the local community for the customs of marine activities。For example, when we are investigating in the Lu'an area of ​​Fujian，It was discovered that a spoiler reflected in the Qianlong period reflected in the local government's ban on the shipholder's "brand name"。In this inscription，It is clearly stated that it is strictly forbidden to use the opportunity of the local Australian and other marine managers to use the opportunity of the printed boat number to harsh the expenses of the ship households，shows the governance of the ocean in the early Qing Dynasty。

Among the marine stone carving heritage currently retained，Compared with the third largest category is marine religious stone carvings。We know，The people in the coastal and islands of the past generations are in the process of dealing with the ocean，bet365 best casino games Gradually developed rich and diverse marine god beliefs，From this, a large number of various types。Typical people such as Zhejiang、Fujian、Tianhou Palace, which is common in the southeast coastal area such as Guangdong。Local customs，This type，Often accompanied by a ritual activity of the chronicle of the monument，These religious monuments of the sea，Due to the preservation of the records of the construction of the sea palace temple and the taboo of the donor、Silver two numbers and other content，For us today's deep understanding of the social and cultural changes of the Shanghai Yang community，It is undoubtedly an important stone carvings document。

The above -mentioned marine stone carving heritage，It is a precious record about the marine community，Is a rare marine landscape biography，For understanding Chinese maritime civilization，It is an important physical testimony。

　Protection and Research on Marine Stone Carving Heritage

Well -known，Most of the marine stone carving heritage is distributed in the coastal area。In recent years，Due to urban and rural construction、Industrial development and sea pollution、Global climate change and other factors，Coastal Cultural Heritage, including marine stone carvings, faces a very severe protection situation。

Current，The protection of my country's marine stone carvings has not received effective attention。Although some iconic marine stone carvings are included in the cultural relics list at all levels for various reasons，to obtain a certain degree of protection，But a lot of marine stone carvings lack basic guarantee conditions，Some monuments of the sea -related monument because no one cares about，Not only is it being randomly printed at will，It is even dug and sale。For the Herbal Stone Carvings Heritage，In addition to human damage and daily damage，Another large threat is marine disasters and pollution erosion。A typical feature of the marine stone carvings is exposure。Except for a part of the marine stone carvings Bet365 app download stored in the palace temple or other public buildings，A considerable marine stone carvings are in public areas of the coastal belt。If the custom of "Le Shi Shi Shi" in the traditional era，Most of the majority of the sea -related banquet，All must be erected at the ferry、Harbor、Fishing Village and other eye -catching public spaces，So exposed to nature，Easy to suffer typhoon、tsunami、Various serious damage caused by marine disasters such as seawater acidization and erosion。

In order to protect the precious marine stone carvings in order to more effectively protect，We think that the priority is to do a good job in the following aspects。First，It must be systematically sorted out.，Strangal survey on the existing marine stone carvings in my country，Establish a more detailed database of Chinese marine stone carvings，Based on this，Do a good job of classification protection，Explore the establishment of a community participation -type heritage protection mechanism。Next，Pay attention to the protection technology research and development and interdisciplinary research of marine stone carvings。Protection and Studies of Marine Stone Carvings Heritage，Involved in cultural heritage、Oceanology、Ecological、Biology、Architecture、Material learning、Information Engineering、Participate in multi -disciplines such as space remote sensing。In recent years，Seawater erosion、The impact of climate change on cultural heritage and cultural diversity，It has gradually attracted the attention of the international community，Solving the problem of protection of coastal belt cultural heritage, including marine stone carvings,，It is undoubtedly a highly professional inheritance science and technology and overall perspective。

In short，Protecting marine stone carvings cultural heritage，Just as important as protecting the protection of marine intangible cultural bet365 live casino games heritage。And learn from the International Marine Heritage Protection Experience，Establish "Coastal" as a compatible nature and humanities dual space，Coastal belt cultural heritage issues, including marine stone carvings inheritance in a integrated social ecosystem to inspect，It is a prerequisite for the protection of marine stone carvings cultural heritage at present，It is also an important content to tell Chinese marine stories。

(Author Unit: Xiamen University Social and Human Academy)