Generally speaking，Real history is called "historical facts"，records about history are called "writing"。No doubt，Historical writing should be for the purpose of presenting historical truth，But because the details of the real history, especially the history, are often complicated，Even the personal experience at the historical scene can only narrate from a certain aspect、Writing。If you consider the subjective preference of the writer、Value selection, etc.，So historical writing must have the subjective position and value judgment of the writer。So，Grasp the real history through historical writing，At least need to consider the subjective vision and value position of the writer。

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In the past，The world's understanding of the history of spring and autumn is mainly based on the records of "Spring and Autumn", "Biography of the Gun", "Biography of Gu Liang", "Zuo Zhuan" and "Historical Records"。Due to "Spring and Autumn", the notes are simple、"Biography of the Ram" and "Gu Liang Biography" focuses on explaining "Weiyan"、"Historical Records" is written in the Spring and Autumn Period，So "Zuo Zhuan" has become an important bridge for the world to understand the history of spring and autumn，People even think that "Zuo Zhuan" is the actual record of the history of spring and autumn- "Zuo Zhuan" reunion means that spring and autumn is the era of rituals。

Today，The increasingly unearthed literature provides us with a richer writing text of spring and autumn history。Since the this life of the "Spring and Autumn" in the tomb of Ma Wangdui，Shangbo Jian、Tsinghua Jane、Cili Jane、The text of the spring and autumn history of jujube paper slips is constantly presented in front of the world，Such as Tsinghua Jane's "The Year of the Department", "Mrs. Zheng Wu"、Shang Bojian "The Trip of the King as the City" and the "Wu Yu"、Jujube Paper S discriminated "Wu Wangfu's Great Teacher Fats" and so on is the representative of them，If you add two articles "Mandarin" in the "Mandarin" unearthed in the Western Jin Dynasty，So the spring and autumn history of the early society will be richer and more diverse。From the perspective of form and content，The existing unearthed spring bet365 live casino games and autumn history text is mostly scattered form，Notepad term is sometimes accurate，Ru Bojian's "The Trip of the King as the City" at the beginning of the Jinchu battle is in the city，is an expression of "Zhuge afterwards"，Not comparable to the accurate words of "Zuo Zhuan" and "Historical Records"。But，These unearthed spring and autumn historical texts can promote bet365 live casino games the writing of "Zuo Zhuan"，Then accurately grasp the narrative characteristics of "Zuo Zhuan" and the spirit of rationality。

A typical example is the difference between Tsinghua Jane's "Mrs. Zheng Wu" and "Zuo Zhuan" "Zuo Zhuan" "Zheng Bok Section": Both involved Zheng Zhuanggong、Mrs. Zheng Wu and Minister Zheng Guo，However, the description of these character relationships is obviously different。The mother and child relationship in the brief text is harmonious and intimate，Mrs. Zheng Wu is a son everywhere、The future worry of the country，Teach the son's words full of sincerity and sincerity，It is also full of trust to the ministers; Zheng Zhuanggong's teaching of his mother is also obedient、Acting in the rules，Adverse the ministers, even more respectful、Director of the responsibility; the same，Doctor Zheng Guo is also considerate of the king、Qian Jie Gift，"Various things" instead of authority。Jian Wen presents Zhengzhuang Gong Chaotang a maternal maternal and filial piety、The political situation of Jun Huichen Zhong。Maybe it can be considered that Mrs. Zheng Wu's rules in Jianwen are hidden in trouble、Zheng Zhuanggong's respect is the Yang Fengyin violation、Doctor’s modesty is the reminder of the rules。But，This interpretation is undoubtedly the narrative of "Zuo Zhuan" as a reference，From the language of Jian Wen、Title and character's words and words，It is difficult to get such a conclusion。On the other hand, the narrative of "Zuo Zhuan" "Zheng Bok Duan Yu"，Writers use "First" to track the starting point of the incident in "Zheng Wugong Married in Shen"，Then describe Zheng Zhuanggong and his mother in order、contradictions of the brother paragraph，This reveals that although the three are the only relatives，But the contradiction has been formed as early as the moment Zheng Zhuanggong was born，It cannot be reconciled and solved at all; in the face of mother Jiang's、The aggressive people of the brother paragraph，Minister and Zheng Zhuang Gong formed alliances，Move in time bet365 Play online games and even calm the rebellion。Compared to Jian Wen's description of Zheng Zhuanggong's ascending situation，The narrative of "Zuo Zhuan" hooks before and after the narrative，Connect the long -term event integrated，to form a rigorous cause and effect chain，That is, "Zuo Zhuan" writing "Zheng Birk Duan Yu 鄢"，It is no longer "primitive history"，Instead of using narrative rationality to write history as a "reasonable" process (Hegel)。

and Jian Wen Zhong is presenting the mother and child、The harmony of the relationship between the monarch and minister，The narrative field of "Zuo Zhuan" is even colder、Reason，It reveals the cruelty and ruthlessness in the struggle of political power: Facing power，Love of mother and child、Brother's feelings disappear，The principle of "kiss" has long been thrown Jiu Xiao。The historical history of "Ritual Crash" is truly revealed from the calm narrative，Maybe I was worried that the reader did not realize this social reality，The writer also emphasizes the "Book of Spring and Autumn" to emphasize that it is difficult for brothers to judge by brothers。

　　Multi -dimensional perspective of understanding the history of spring and autumn 

Relaxation of unearthed literature，We will expand our horizons when we expand this，In addition to the tradition that is regarded as the handed down literature of "history books"，such as "Mencius" and "Guanzi" and other works recorded by the sons of the sons are also worthy of attention and referring to。Especially when we track the historical truth and text writing characteristics of the Spring and Autumn Period，One more text is the perspective and dimension of viewing history。Compared with the "decentralized" spring and autumn history writing text of various forms，The Chongli and Ethics of "Zuo Zhuan" should be regarded as the narrative position and concept of the writer，The value pursuit and historical outlook expression of this historical writing，Can't be regarded as a historical facts in the Spring and Autumn society。Even with the benchmark of the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Gonggong、Jin Wengong as an example，The princes they hosted by them、Political order and even personal daily words and deeds，Often out of political power、Consultation of the gains and losses of real interests，instead of righteousness and righteousness，Even Chongli has become a further political power to further capture political power、Excelle and shame of real interests。

Based on the contents Bet365 app download of the "Five Life" of the Kwaiqiu League recorded in "Mencius"，Not only the princes of the Mencius era have committed the "five ban"，Even Qi Jiong has no one to achieve the "five -life" requirements: just look at the scholars to look at it，Qi Jiong Gong Ren Yiya、Vertical Diao and others to disaster the country;，Multi -Inner Pets "，It is closely related to the standard of daily behavior。"Zuo Zhuan" 僖 僖 僖 ”，There is only one general rule，"Everyone in my alliance，After alliance，Say to be good "。Perhaps "Zuo Zhuan" has clearly understood that the future behavior of the alliance's princes does not comply with "five life"，So the writer only emphasizes the total principle，and followed closely, the evaluation of the Zhou royal family who went to the members of the meeting "Qi Hou is not moral and diligent"。

If the process of "Zuo Zhuan" is only recorded in "Zuo Zhuan"，Readers must confuse the basis of slaughter holes in this way，Even the character of slaughtering the holes，Because of the whole process of giving，Qi Yonggong's humble and polite、，Respect the attitude towards the Zhou royal family and slaughtering himself，below、Bye、Deng、"Rites" everywhere with "Germany"。These words and deeds of Qi Gonggong，The post -after -evaluation of the slaughter is obviously contrary to，So why did the slaughter judge Qi Jiong? If you refer to the narrative of "Kwai Qiu Gifa" with reference to "Mandarin · Qi Yu", "Jin language two", "Tube · Xiao Kuang", "Historical Records of Qi Tai Gong Family"，I will find that Qi Gong's respect for the Zhou royal family and even slaughtering is courteous、Entry and retreat，Not from the inner sincerity，It originated from strategy、Measurement and control of power changes: After the holes announced that Zhou Tianzi was "no worship"，Different words and deeds that Qi Xiongwai is willing to worship with "Zuo Zhuan"，Other texts are saying, "Grandpa desired，Guan Zhongyin ‘No’ “”, “Corporation of Calling the Guan Zhao Zi”, etc.，Under the persuasion of Xianxiangzhuan，and full of desire for the power of hegemony，Qi Hou is willing to worship and accept。In other words，The behavior of "respecting the ceremony"，It is a ritual performance of a vassal alliance。"The Biography of the Rams" and "Historical Records" directly clearly stipulates "Gong Gong Zhen and Related，The Nine Kingdoms of the rebels "," Youyoujiao "," The princes are quite rebel "，Let's look at bet365 live casino games the writing of "Zuo Zhuan" to slaughter Confucius words，You can understand the discourse of "Qi Hou is not moral and diligent".。

When reading the content of the "Zuo Zhuan" 僖 僖 僖 僖 僖，If we ignore the post -judgment of the alignment of alignment or not in the slaughter or the reason for not studying such evaluations，But just pay attention to the slaughtering Congci、Process of the Princes' League，It will think that Qi Xiong's behavior is due to the awe and sincerity of the order of ritual system，Then it will ignore the calculation of the power and political interests revealed by other spring and autumn history writing。Compared with other texts，"Zuo Zhuan" the reason why the "Gong Gong calls the pipe and conspire" process，The subjective purpose should be to highlight the "repair，Li Ye "，The subjective purpose should be to highlight the "repair，This is used as a model of the princes in the world。

　　"Zuo Zhuan" construction of the value of courtesy and righteousness 

"Zuo Zhuan" to reshape the Spring and Autumn Overlord，It is also manifested in writing about Jinwen's public words and deeds，This is mainly presented in the "Jinwen Gong Bianyuan" of the 25th record of Gong Gong: Yuanyi was originally Zhou Di，Like Yang Fan, unwilling to enter the Jin Dynasty，Facing this problem，Jin Wengong obviously will not conquer to the province，Instead, he sent troops directly to attack the Yuanyi; when the Yuanyi was difficult to attack and disclosed the willingness to fall，Jin Wengong ordered his retreat to defend his trust，And saying "Letter，National Treasure also "。Writing of this matter，"Zuo Zhuan" is the stand on the standpoint of the Jin Dynasty to show the monarch's "respect and trustworthiness"，and the military capture of Jin Wengong、The loss of the interests of Yuanyi did not pay attention。"Zuo Zhuan" writer's choice of narrative position，Rather than highlighting the image of Jin Wengong's Mingjun，It is better to say that it is a praise of respect and trustworthy behavior。Because "Zuo Zhuan" did not pin the underestrator of the value of courtesy on the Jinwen Gong: Compared with Qi Xiyong's self -confidence and arrogance，Jin Wengong's political power、The control of realistic interests is even more clear -after the chaos of the prince of the Pingzhang Zhou royal family，Jin Wengong "Please Tunnel"，This behavior not only shows the pride mentality of Jin Wengong's high merit，It also revealed bet365 best casino games the status and value of courtesy order in the hearts of spring and autumn domineering: as long as the credit is high，Emperor's prestige、The ritual system should also be enjoyed by the princes，The principle of "respect" has long been trampled on the ground。Jinwen Gong invites the tunnel、Destmental behavior，Write with the trustworthy original，Like Qi Xiong to receive rituals、Later, it was criticized by the slaughter，Comparison of front and back looks funny、Disrobility，But "Zuo Zhuan" is through this comparison narrative，Tell the world that the spring and autumn hegemon cannot assume that the reactor of the order of rebuilding rituals and righteousness。

Compared with the Spring and Autumn Overlord，"Zuo Zhuan" writers are more inclined to pin the value of the value of courtesy and righteousness in Dr. Qing、Sage、Historian、A gentleman and other people of insight.，In the eyes of the writer，This group is widely seen、Positive Wisdom，It is the undertaker who judges and practiced the value of ritual。In "Zuo Zhuan"，The words that are directly called "rituals and righteousness" are from Dr. Qing、Sage of Sage，Ru Gong seven years of Guan Zhong to Qi Houyan "，Its criminal ceremony，No country without remembering "，persuaded Qi Xiong Gong to respect his virtue; the 13th year of Chenggong Liu Kanggong said, "，Destiny "，Promote the "gentleman diligence"; Zhaogong's four years of Zhengren's dissatisfaction with the New Deal，Zi Yinyun "People can't succeed，Degree cannot be changed。"Poetry" said: ‘ritual and righteousness，What is it? ‘I do n’t move”。Guan Zhong、Liu Kanggong、The birth of the child is the spokesperson of the value of courtesy，They use "rituals" to regulate the monarch、Judging others、Support yourself，And these undoubtedly all the appeals and ideas of the writer of "Zuo Zhuan"。

In terms of historical facts，Spring and Autumn Society is an era of "ritual collapse"，Zhou royal family decline、僭 成，"Sinica and his monarchs" and "Zi Ji Qi's Father" are endless，Even the princes and overlords focus on political power、Consider the real interests。The writers of "Zuo Zhuan" can always be from political events、Daily words and deeds discover the value of the value of righteousness and righteousness，Then use the value of rituals as a criterion for judging, to measure right, good and evil，The subjective purpose of the writer of the "Zuo Zhuan" is to use the value of ritual bet365 live casino games value，To rebuild the stable order of the entire society，This is another level of "Delivery Champion，Anti -righteousness "。bet365 live casino games the writing of "Zuo Zhuan" is like the Jin Dynasty Donghu、Qi Guotai and the subjective pursuit of "Confucius" Spring and Autumn "，All present the reality of the writing subject specification、The courage and effort of reorganization order。For the writer of "Zuo Zhuan"，The truth of history, no matter how "the world declines micro，Evilism has a work "，But the writing of history must never have no "Tao" benchmark，It is the benchmark of this ritual and righteousness that is the disorderly spring and autumn society that lights up a bright lamp: in the social reality of "no way in the world"，Open the "World of the World" to govern the world。

　　(This article is the Study of the National Social Science Fund Project "Research on the Writing of the Literature and the Spring and Autumn History of the Warring States Period" (23bzw040) 

(Author is an associate professor at the School of Arts of Beijing Normal University)