January 2019，Princeton University Press published Fabrizio Zilibotti, a professor of International and Development Economics at the United States and Matthias Doepke, a professor of economics at Northwestern University, The new book "Love、Money and Child: Parenting Economics。This book analyzes the parenting method of modern parents from an economics perspective。June 15，Zilibati attended the new bookmark sales event hosted by Princeton University Press。Take this opportunity，Reporter interviewed Zilibati。

　　Bet365 app download Your professional field is economics，What is the reason that drives you to study home education?

　　Zili Botti:Family education plays an important role in the formation of human capital。Human capital includes human learning ability and aggressive mentality，Its accumulation and formation are of great significance to the economic development of modern society。So，I hope to study home education as an economist。Our research not only analyzes the parents' investment，Also analyzed their parenting practice，Divided several parenting methods。Parenting practice is a research topic that many economists ignore，So，Family education's research perspective is relatively novel。We also analyzed the parenting methods of parents and parents in different countries，and based on data -based parenting concepts for transnational comparison，This is also unprecedented。

　　"China Social Sciences":How did you conduct transnational research? Where does the data come from?

　　Zili Botti:Our research has multiple different data sources，The data of the transnational survey is mainly derived from the world values ​​survey (World Value Survey)，This survey is for all parts of the world，Collect citizens of various countries in society、Culture、Values ​​in the fields of family and other fields，Some of the survey issues are related to family education methods。We found，One of them asked the parents during the parenting process，What is the most important quality of the child in their minds。We divided into several parenting methods based on people's answers on this question，If the autocratic parents like to obey the child of the parents，and tolerant parents pay more attention to their children's imagination and independence。

　　"China Social Sciences":Some people think，Social science research requires field surveys，Your research is based on existing survey data，But is it possible to be inconsistent with the actual situation and data? Will there be risks to the reliability of conclusions without a field investigation?

　　Zili Botti:I think，A survey of macro and micro -level in a study is complementary。The scale of the survey sample at the micro level is small、Short time span，It can make people have more specific research subjects、Learn more detailed，But it cannot have a macro understanding of the problem。and a macro -level survey，enable us，Analysis Compared with the situation of different countries。As far as our research theme is concerned，Macro survey is more suitable than micro -investigation。

The ideal perfect intervention research requires the experimental group and the control group，This means that we must group parents in different types of parenting types，and require parents to adopt a specific parenting method to cultivate children。But this kind of research is contrary to research ethics，Therefore, we cannot do this intervention research。About this，We also explained to readers in the book。

　　"China Social Sciences":Do you think there is a "good" or "bad" family education method?

　　Zili Botti:We don’t want to judge the quality of a family education method，Different parenting methods are different reactions to make the real and social environment。Of course，Ignoring the child is a "bad" parenting method，But there are very few families adopted in this way，Parents mentioned in our book hopes to exhaust their existing resources with the best environment for their children。Different parenting methods，Just because the differences in social conditions have prompted people to adopt different ways of behavior。For example，If social inequality is serious，Especially when social inequality is associated with educational results，Parents will use everything to make their children better。Comparison of comparison，Migraphy of inequality、Education opportunities in a social environment with equal equality，Parents are often more tolerant，Support and encourage children to explore the world slowly。Children who grow up under this parenting method，Their childhood will be easier and pleasant。

　　"China Social Sciences":Family education methods that are tolerant and encouraging seem to be more in line with the public's definition of "good" parenting method，Do you think parents need to move closer to this parenting method?

　　Zili Botti:The concept of "trade-off" in economics。Parenting mode is not black or white，Each way is profitable，The difference is the application of the plan。No matter what the parents take，The original intention is to do everything that can make children live better。The choice of parenting method is determined by the social environment。For example，If the good or bad of the academic performance will affect the future of children，So，Parents will give greater pressure to urge their children to succeed，The college entrance examination is an example。In a country with no college entrance examination or admission test mode，Parents applied to their children's academic performance is relatively small。But we also have to understand，There are many means to achieve the purpose，Some parents lack appropriate "soft skills" to motivate children to get high scores，Just blindly paying too much attention to children's academic performance。

　　"China Social Sciences":Some time ago, you published with Marseille "The helicopter -type parenting may be more economically more economical than the release of childcare"，Some people think，This article encourages helicopter childcare，What do you think of this interpretation?

　　Zili Botti:In fact, we mentioned it at the beginning of this article，"Please don't misunderstand，We like to release childcare "。There may be two reasons caused by error interpretation，On the one hand，Some media start with extreme articles to attract readers' attention; on the other hand，American society has shaped the parenting method of American parents，In this society，Parents urge their children to achieve successful education methods really work。But excessive intervention of parents will cause their children to creativity、Independent and other capabilities decreased，The parenting method of the high -control system may also lead to deterioration of parent -child relationships。Some parents who adopt helicopter -type parenting methods are too many aspects of controlling children's lives，These strategies will eventually have adverse effects on children's development。

My daughter grew up in Sweden，In our multinational comparison，Swedish parents pay most attention to their children's imagination and independence，The importance of not emphasizing children's hard work，This may be caused by the social situation of Sweden。In Sweden，Exam results have little effect on the future of children，Parents do not need to worry too much about their children's academic performance，and the child’s growth environment is more loose。In the survey of world values，Nearly 90%of Chinese Bet365 lotto review parents think，Diligent hard work is an important quality of children，But only about 10%of Swedish parents hold this view。Of course，Education methods of Swedish parents also have disadvantages，Lead some Swedish students a little lazy。

　　"China Social Sciences":Unemployment will not be resolved overnight，How should parents improve their parent -child relationship?

　　Zili Botti:The social environment determines the parenting method of parents，Parenting method also affects society。Countries with serious inequality，A wealthy family can send children into a good school，Receive better education。From this，Family background is becoming more important for children to succeed in the future，This further exacerbates social inequality。We need to be alert to this phenomenon，and improve at the level of public policy and education mechanism。

Parents can explore why they adopt some kind of parenting method，To better understand your parenting method，can also improve your incentive strategy，Talk to children friendly。Any way of childcare can cultivate children into talents，Comparison of comparison，Specific incentive strategies will affect the development of children，Therefore, we need to pay more attention to。