September 2019,The U.S. Census Bureau releases the 2019 Annual Socioeconomic Supplement to the Current Population Survey。According to the survey,Less than 10% of Americans changed their domestic residence in 2018-2019,The lowest value since 1947。1947-1970,The annual domestic bet365 horse racing odds proportion of the U.S. population has changed little,Floating around 20%。Since 1981,The annual domestic bet365 horse racing odds rate of the U.S. population continues to decrease。Americans have always been famous for being "descendants of immigrants" and "loving mobility",Why has domestic population bet365 horse racing odds in the United States tended to decrease in the past 30 years?Our reporter interviewed relevant scholars。
Social changes make bet365 horse racing odds more difficult
Thomas Cooke, Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, USA, and Reagan M, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, California State University, Northridge, USA. Regan M. Mass) proposed in the article "Explaining bet365 horse racing odds through Movement Causes",The reasons why people migrate are complex,In addition to seeking better career opportunities,Family needs、Community Status、Lifestyle and other factors come into play。Cook said,In more than 20 years of studying population bet365 horse racing odds in the United States,He found no change in the factors Americans consider when making bet365 horse racing odds decisions,But overall changes in American society have affected the decision to migrate,The main performance is as follows。
First,Since the 1980s,Except for high-income Americans, real income growth has been weak or even reduced,Many people just have to work longer hours、Apply for more loans to improve your quality of life。Increased household and personal debt means it becomes more difficult to sell a home,Reduced economic resources required for bet365 horse racing odds。
Second,More women enter the labor market、The increase in dual-income families also limits bet365 horse racing odds,Because long-distance bet365 horse racing odds requires both the couple to find suitable new jobs in the place of bet365 horse racing odds。And,Couples where both partners work have less time and energy to devote to caring for young children,Moving and adapting to a new environment is more stressful for them。
Third,bet365 horse racing odds housing and job markets,The post-war baby boomers took up a lot of opportunities,Not enough opportunities for young people。
Fourth,Internet、The spread of information and communication technologies such as smartphones has reduced the need for bet365 horse racing odds。Benefit from developed information and communication technology,People can access more and more work and education opportunities remotely,At the same time avoid the risks caused by bet365 horse racing odds。Also,Increased access to information also enables people to make decisions about whether to migrate、Make smarter decisions about where to move,Reduced cases of migrating without fully understanding the destination。
Fifth,The “regionality” of bet365 horse racing odds has increased significantly in recent years。Inland and rural residents feel they have been left behind by the U.S. economic and political system,Residents in big cities and coastal areas think rural areas are closed and backward,Neither party may be willing to move to “another place”。
William H, senior policy fellow at the Urban Program at the Brookings Institution, an American think tank. William H. Frey) proposed,Although the trend of declining domestic mobility is reflected in Americans of most age groups,But it is particularly prominent among young people aged 18-34。History,Americans in this age group are the most mobile,They can drive the overall bet365 horse racing odds trend。However,In the past 10 years,This group’s share of internal bet365 horse racing odds has fallen more than any other age group。Frey thinks,Young people “stay put” and rising housing prices in the United States、The increase in underemployment has a lot to do with it。
Policies should keep up with changes in bet365 horse racing odds trends
In Cook’s opinion,The current low domestic mobility of Americans may continue for a long time。According to research by Aude Bernard, a researcher at the Population Research Center of the University of Queensland, Australia,bet365 horse racing odds is self-reinforcing,People who have migrated before are more likely to migrate again,People who have never migrated or rarely migrate often feel that bet365 horse racing odds is a high risk、Expensive、Disturbing daily life,It is therefore difficult to take this step。And,The longer a person lives in a certain place,Residence to this place、Work、The stronger the sense of attachment to the community,That makes me even more reluctant to leave。From this perspective,Due to the past 30 years,Domestic liquidity in the United States is weakening,So Americans who grew up in this environment are less likely to decide to migrate now,Their children are also less likely to migrate in the future。
Frey said,The trend of decreasing domestic bet365 horse racing odds in recent years may indicate that the vitality of the US population will weaken to a certain extent in the future。Cook said,Reduced internal bet365 horse racing odds will have a huge impact on American society。The positive aspect is,The strong attachment formed by living in one place for a long time will create a closer community and social connection,This allows people to respond when economic uncertainty is high,May receive social and economic support。The negative aspect is,Reduced population mobility may pose challenges to large businesses and regional economic development agencies,Because they largely need to find talent among the migrant population。In this case,The U.S. government needs to change its thinking on solving the problem of uneven regional economic development。Traditionally,Federal and state governments have less intervention in local labor markets and housing markets。The reason is,When domestic liquidity is strong,People will spontaneously move from areas with fewer opportunities to areas with more opportunities。Today,Changes with bet365 horse racing odds trends,Federal and state governments should move more towards “place-based policies”,Emphasis on education and training,Develop industries that are compatible with local resources and labor skills。
Cook、Ian Shuttleworth, Associate Professor, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, UK, and Geography, University of Newcastle, UK、Internal bet365 horse racing odds in Developed Countries: Is Our Mobility Declining?》The book is based on the United States、UK、Australia、Japan、Sweden、Germany、Italy case,Examined the long-term trends and causes of domestic population bet365 horse racing odds in developed countries。Three scholars talked about,The United States and Australia are traditionally “immigration countries”,However, there has been a decrease in domestic population bet365 horse racing odds since the late 20th century。This may be explained by the fact that the populations of these two countries experienced rapid growth and turmoil in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century,Has “mature” and moved closer to the average levels of internal bet365 horse racing odds in other countries。Cook told this reporter,What level of domestic population bet365 horse racing odds is “ideal”、The question of what the national impact of changes in the frequency and scale of internal bet365 horse racing odds will be is very important,Economist、The federal banking system and policy agencies are particularly concerned about this,But existing research is very limited,The standard for defining the “ideal” level of domestic population bet365 horse racing odds has not yet been formed。
Champion told this reporter,Even in developed countries,The level and trend of population bet365 horse racing odds within each country are also different。For example,Sweden has always been a highly mobile country,There is no decreasing trend in the country’s internal population bet365 horse racing odds at different spatial levels,Even increased。Japan has become a country with low liquidity in recent times,The domestic population bet365 horse racing odds trend is still declining,This and the United States、Australia similar。Visible,There is broad space for national research and cross-national comparative research in this area,And of great significance。First,Historically, internal population bet365 horse racing odds has been one of the important ways for labor supply and demand to match each other at the regional and sub-regional levels,Reduced domestic bet365 horse racing odds may have a greater negative impact on the labor market and economic performance。Secondly,Reduced social mobility in many countries is increasingly causing concern,This issue should be investigated in depth from a geographical perspective。Research has shown,Faster career advancement is associated with geographic mobility at the regional level。Finally,Lower geographic mobility may encourage people to stay more within their own small circles,Resulting in the solidification of social isolation patterns。These issues deserve further study。
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