Replication Crisis refers to many scientific research, especially psychological research and medical research，It is difficult to copy or cannot be copied。Expressing time，What is the new understanding of the Replication Study? Is there a positive significance to copy the crisis?，Our reporter interviewed relevant scholars。

　　bet365 Play online games

"Nature" magazine recently released a new research results，Reveal an important factor in the crisis of copying: data analysis work becomes increasingly complicated and flexible in many scientific fields。No two scientific research teams must process data in the same way，Dargetable data and diversified data processing methods，It means that different teams may draw completely different conclusions。This study was cooperated with Russell Poldrack, a professor at the Department of Psychology at Stanford University in the United States and Assistant Professor of the Department of Neurological Biology at Tom Schonberg from the Department of Neuroscience at the University of Tellaviv University.。

bet365 best casino games 70 independent scientific research teams participating in the research analyzed the same batch of data and tested 9 assumptions。Data from the nerve image analysis hosted by scholars and other scholars、Copy and Forecast Research Project (NARPS)，108 experimental participants completed a simulation gaming game，and accepted the brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) scan。Scan image display，Participants' brain areas, especially activities related to the reward mechanism，The amount of money that may win or lose with the game of each game will change。70 scientific research teams expand their analysis after receiving the data。Each team is designed in different ways to test the model used to test the assumption。At the same time，Software package for each team to analyze data、Data pre -processing steps and technology are different。When the brain area can be regarded as "obtaining significant activation"，Each team sets different thresholds。Research results show，These teams are generally reached consensus on the 4 assumptions of them，and the other 5 assumptions，The results of different teams are obvious。

Podrak said，The whole process is very complicated，Analysis of every link of the workflow requires a lot of choices。Based on the same data and assumptions，Bet365 app download Different scientific research teams come to conclusions with large differences。In any scientific research field involved in complex data and methods，This situation may occur。The scale of the basic data group used for scientific research is increasingly expanded，This problem will become more and more common in the future。

Podrak thinks，Analysis of flexibility may have a huge adverse effect on the results of scientific research。but，This effect will also promote the evaluation and improvement of data analysis quality，Including analyzing the same data in multiple ways、Make the data analysis workflow more transparent、Public sharing and verification data analysis process。

　　Fully understand Copy Crisis

Professor Brian Nosek, a professor at the University of Virginia, talks about，Copy research as part of the scientific method，It plays a vital role in scientific progress。American philosopher Stephen E. Braord once referred to replication as "a dividing standard between science and non -science"。But in recent years，The scientific research reward system attaches great importance to innovation and novel research than copying research。In the field of social science and behavior science，Journal papers withdrawn up to 70%-90%。Limited papers published space means，bet365 Play online games The author must work hard to meet the requirements and preferences of the publisher。This leads to insufficient motivation for scientific researchers to carry out replication research，Can't reveal and correct error research in time and effectively，Therefore, the efficiency of knowledge accumulation is reduced。

U.S. Non -profit institutions Open Science Center launched the "Psychological Copy Plan" in 2012，270 researchers participating in the plan copied the 100 experimental research and correlation research published in "Psychological Science", "Personality and Social Psychology Magazine" and "Experimental Psychology Magazine".。The results show，About 2/3 original research can be copied，But most of the evidence obtained from replication research is weaker than the original research。In addition，Noserk and others also replicated the research published in the journal of "Nature" and "Science" from 2010 to 2015，Get similar results。

Noserike said，There are many ways to cause the failure of copying research。First，Original research is fake positive，I observed an accidental event rather than a real regular conclusion。Second，Copy research is false negative，That is, there are errors in copying the research process，or copying the research is Bet365 app download too low，Not enough to detect the results of the original research。third，Original research and replication research are correct，The difference between the two contains factors that have important impacts that aimed to investigate。To clarify in these three，What is the reason that causes replication failure，Not easy。Strict scientific research practice helps reduce the possibility of false negative occurrence，But it cannot be completely eliminated。Nozerk thinks，Psychology is a discipline with more self -examination，Psychologists hope to understand the crisis and make improvements。

Eric Lokenb, an associate professor at the Department of Education Psychology at Connecticut University in the United States, believes，Copy crisis is disturbing。The current replication research failure rate is very high，But the crisis of copying will benefit scientific research as a whole。Copy the attempts of existing research，It is a manifestation of the healthy development of scientific research。Fully understand Copy Crisis，Can promote scientists to improve scientific research and practice。At this stage，Research results may be read and used by thousands of scientific researchers through the Internet，So，Researchers must receive a more stringent test。For example，Some bet365 best casino games academic journals require the contribution to submit the data and code used in the institute，so that others can check the errors in it or conduct a copy of the copy; there are some journals to implement the pre -register system，That is, the contributor before the research starts，Register the research plan on the designated platform first，After the review, enter the data collection、Analysis、Paper writing and other procedures。

2019，Professor of the Department of Environmental Sciences at the University of Basel, Switzerland, Valentin Amrhein, including Valentin Amrid，Cancel statistically prominent test。Copy crisis makes researchers recognize，Foundation weak、Research Design with high uncertainty，and selective announcement of the research results，I will draw unreasonable conclusions。At the same time，Copy crisis Tell people，Many coincidences are mistaken for general significance，But the coincidence cannot be copied。Locken said，From a positive perspective，Copy crisis has brought opportunities to improve the scientific research practice。