Replication crisis refers to many scientific researches, especially psychological bet365 code and medical bet365 code，Difficult or impossible to copy。As time goes by，What is the scientific community’s new understanding of replication study？Is there any positive significance in the replication crisis？What are the challenges of replicating bet365 code？Around these issues，Our reporter interviewed relevant scholars。

　　Assess and improve the quality of bet365 code analysis

"Nature" magazine recently released a latest bet365 code result，Revealing an important factor in the replication crisis: Data analysis work is becoming increasingly complex and flexible in many scientific fields。No two bet365 code teams necessarily process data in the same way，Huge amount of data and diverse data processing methods，Meaning that different teams may reach completely different conclusions。The bet365 code was completed in collaboration with Russell Poldrack, a professor in the Department of Psychology at Stanford University in the United States, and Tom Schonberg, an assistant professor in the Department of Neurobiology at Tel Aviv University in Israel。

Seventy independent scientific bet365 code teams participating in the study analyzed the same data and tested nine hypotheses。Data comes from neuroimaging analysis conducted by Bodrack and other scholars、Replication and Prediction bet365 code Project (NARPS)，108 experimental participants completed a simulated gambling game，and underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan of the brain。Scanned image display，Activity in participants’ brain areas, especially areas related to reward mechanisms，Varies with the amount of money that may be won or lost in each game。70 scientific bet365 code teams started their own analysis after receiving the data。Each team uses a different approach to designing the models used to test hypotheses。simultaneously，Software package for analyzing data per team、Data preprocessing steps and techniques are different。Specifying when a brain region can be considered “significantly activated”，Each team sets a different threshold。bet365 code results show，The teams generally reached consensus on 4 of the hypotheses，And the other 5 hypotheses，The results of different teams vary significantly。

Podrack said，The whole process is very complicated，Every step of the analysis workflow requires many choices。Based on the exact same data and assumptions，Different scientific bet365 code teams have drawn widely different conclusions。In any scientific bet365 code field involving complex data and methods，This situation may occur。With the increasing size of the basic data sets used for scientific bet365 code，This problem will become more common in the future。

Podrack thinks，Analytical flexibility can have a huge detrimental impact on scientific bet365 code results。But，This impact will also drive researchers to evaluate and improve the quality of data analysis，Including analyzing the same data in multiple ways、Making data analysis workflows more transparent、Publicly share and verify the data analysis process。

　　Fully understand bet365 code

Brian Nosek, professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, USA, talked about，Replication studies as part of the scientific method，Plays a vital role in scientific progress。American philosopher Stephen E. Browder once called replicability "a kind of demarcation criterion between science and non-science"。However, in recent years，The scientific bet365 code reward system values ​​innovative and novel bet365 code over replicative bet365 code。In the fields of social and behavioral sciences，The rejection rate of journal articles is as high as 70%-90%。Limited space for paper publication means，Authors must strive to meet the publisher’s requirements and preferences。This leads to insufficient motivation for researchers to carry out replication studies，Unable to reveal and correct erroneous bet365 code in a timely and effective manner，Thus reducing the efficiency of knowledge accumulation。

The American non-profit organization Open Science Center launched the "Replicability Project in Psychology" in 2012，The 270 researchers participating in the project replicated 100 experimental studies and correlational studies published in three journals: Psychological Science, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, and Journal of Experimental Psychology。Result display，About 2/3 of original bet365 code can be replicated，But most replication studies provide weaker evidence than the original studies。In addition，Nosek et al. also replicated 21 experimental studies in social sciences and behavioral sciences published in the journals "Nature" and "Science" from 2010 to 2015，Obtained similar results。

Nosek said，There are many possible reasons why replication studies fail。First，The original study was a false positive，That is, an accidental event was observed instead of a real regular conclusion。Second，The replication study was a false negative，There is an error in the replication bet365 code process，The replication study may be too underpowered，Not enough to detect the results of the original study。Third，Both the original study and the replication study are correct，The difference between the two contains factors that have an important influence on the phenomenon intended to be examined。To find out which of these three，What is the reason for replication failure，It’s not easy。Strict scientific bet365 code practices help reduce the possibility of false negatives，But it cannot be completely eliminated。Nosek thinks，Psychology is a discipline with a lot of self-censorship，Psychologists want to understand the replication crisis and make improvements。

Eric Lokenb, associate professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Connecticut, USA thinks，The replication crisis is disturbing。Current replication study failure rate is high，But dealing with the replication crisis will benefit scientific bet365 code overall。An attempt to replicate existing bet365 code，It is a manifestation of promoting the healthy development of scientific bet365 code。Fully understand the replication crisis，Can prompt scientists to improve scientific bet365 code practices。Currently，bet365 code results may be read and used by thousands of scientific researchers through the Internet，Therefore，Researchers must undergo more stringent tests。For example，Some academic journals require contributors to submit data and code used in their bet365 code，So that others can check for errors or conduct replication studies；There are also some journals that implement a pre-registration system，That is, before the contributor actually starts bet365 code，First register the bet365 code plan on the designated platform，Enter data collection after passing the review、Analysis、Thesis writing and other programs。

　2019，More than 800 scientists including Valentin Amrhein, professor of the Department of Environmental Science at the University of Basel in Switzerland, jointly appealed in the magazine "Nature"，Cancel statistical significance test。Replication crisis makes researchers realize，Weak foundation、bet365 code design with high uncertainty，And selective publication of bet365 code results，Will draw unreasonable conclusions。simultaneously，Tell people about the replication crisis，Many coincidences are mistaken for universal significance，But coincidence cannot be copied。Loken said，Look at it from a positive perspective，The replication crisis brings opportunities to the scientific community to improve scientific bet365 code practices。