2020 will undoubtedly become an important year for human history。At the end of the end of 2020，The epidemic of new crown pneumonia is still spreading globally，The development of human society is facing a series of problems，International competition and cooperation will germinate new dynamics under special historical conditions。Science Diplomacy (Science Diplomacy) played a bridge role in connecting science and technology and diplomatic affairs during this period，and will have a profound impact on the global pattern of the post -epidemic era。Future，How to promote scientific diplomacy to play a greater influence in global development，This reporter interviewed relevant experts and scholars on this topic。

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Since the epidemic in the new crown pneumonia，The government seeks proposal to the scientific community more frequency than ever，This reflects the role of scientific and scientific diplomacy。Stanley Maphosa, the International and Domestic Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the South African Academy of Sciences，Due to the wide spread of the virus internationally，Scientists around the world are working together，together to develop vaccines and find other response methods。Scientists have been standing at the forefront，Recommend non -drug intervention measures to people，and refute pseudo -science and fake news。The professionalism and appeal of scientific research institutions play an important role。So，Mapa Suggestion，It is necessary to improve the existing scientific research institution system，and fill in the vacancy of scientific research institutions in some places。At the same time，Countries around the world should incorporate science into their national and foreign policy systems in the future。

Talking about the impact of epidemic on the field of science and diplomacy，Pierre-Bruno Ruffini, bet365 Play online games a professor of economics at the University of Le Affel University in France, told reporters，The epidemic has triggered people's reflection on scientific diplomatic effectiveness。Epidemic is a powerful example of scientific diplomacy，Because it has questioned both keywords of science and diplomacy。In terms of science，For the origin of the virus、The long -term impact of infected virus on human health、The effectiveness of the vaccine is not conclusive; in terms of diplomacy，The influence of epidemic disease at the global level、How to use global collective action to fight this global threat，Facing uncertainty。The more in this case，The more correlation between the anti -blow epidemic and scientific diplomacy。

Roffini proposed two time periods。The first stage，Scientific research is placed under the spotlight，The international mobilization of scientific resources can be called a model，Medical data sharing between the epidemic and medical data between countries。At this time，In terms of fighting against the epidemic，Science is "present" and has a response，But diplomacy is almost absent，Multilateral diplomacy is especially absent。Face the global crisis，Countries have taken different and uncoordinated response measures。With the arrival of the second stage，"Vaccine Competition" becomes the focus，Global's "Scientific Moment" in the world enters the second stage of "Geopolitics and Geographic Economy Moment"。The research and development of the new crown vaccine allows people to move from science to the market，From cooperative thinking to competition thinking，Among them, it includes competition between laboratories，It also includes competition between countries that support them。Roffini thinks，So far，The performance of scientific diplomacy is not satisfactory。The epidemic highlights the importance of science in human health decisions，It also reveals the weakness of the current multilateral system。

Global action to deal with the epidemic has broaden the previous medical cooperation model，It also reflects that it is also full of contemporary geopolitical colors in scientific research bet365 live casino games and development。Associate Professor Greg Whitesides of the University of Colorado, the University of Colorado, told reporters，Whether it is the movement of malaria and pediatric paralysis during the Cold War，Still in recent years against SARS and Ebola virus，For decades，Medical cooperation has always been part of international affairs。Through governments of various countries、Humanitarian organizations and international organizations、Medical researcher、Collaboration between private enterprises，The cooperative relationship and network of countries around the world have established cooperative relationships and networks at the long -term level。Global anti -epidemic is the latest evolution of the above history。Current，The speed of developing the new crown vaccine is unprecedented。This indicates that the advancement of scientific and technological progress has profoundly changed the production of drugs、Test and supply。At the same time，Global Actions also played a role in strengthening the existing international cooperation network and standardization，At the same time, the differences in anti -epidemic measures and information transparency in different countries。

　Bad national interests and global interests

Scientific Spirit has no national borders，But scientific research activities are inseparable from the support of the country。Juan Luis Manfredi Sánchez, a journalist scholar of the University of Kastlia, Spanish, put forward，In the National Science Plan，The choice of scientific themes reflects the country's national ideal。Of course, cooperation exists，But people will not pursue a cooperation mode that is completely private or completely de -institutional。This indicates，Science is indeed a complicated soft power，A mechanism related to attractiveness。But the decision -making of scientific diplomacy is not isolated，is often related to economic benefits or foreign policy。Visa management and human resources competition is one of the huge challenges。Countries of various countries attract scientific research talents，But there will also be setting thresholds，So as to establish conditions bet365 live casino games for incorporating scientific talents into the country's research system。

Rafney explained the change in the concept of scientific diplomacy。From the view of Roffini，The epidemic changes people's cognition of scientific diplomacy，and it is bound to reshape the way people use this concept in the future。The epidemic highlights the other side of the scientific diplomacy that many people are unwilling to see，is in scientific diplomacy，Countries still adhere to the principle of the first national interests of their country。Some people have an excessively idealistic point of view of scientific diplomacy，Think that it can solve all problems。The epidemic makes us realize，Scientific diplomacy has duality，On the one hand, it includes common cope with global challenges，On the other hand, it also includes meet the national interests and needs of the country。The former requires countries to carry out scientific diplomatic activities for effective global governance，The latter determines that in some cases, in some cases, it will be expressed in interest due to conflict of interest。The epidemic highlights the tension between national interests and global interests，Scientific diplomacy should become the appropriate path to reconcile this contradiction。

At the same time，Different manifestations of the response to the epidemic in various countries may also trigger changes in the international public opinion field。White Saiz thinks，The epidemic is an open test of national leadership and governance capabilities，Countries with successful resistance will get long -term diplomatic income。Epidemic prevention and control must first formulate policies based on scientific evidence，Then implement it as a national strategy to implement and spread。Whether it is the first to invent and promote the vaccine，Still obtaining measures that can be measured in public health，Success of any response measures，All are helpful to enhance the country's international prestige。At present, it seems，Global competition and cooperation in the field of vaccine coexist。On the one hand，Fair obtaining medicine is a priority of the international community，The "COVAX) proposed by Bet365 app download international institutions such as the World Health Organization and other international institutions provides a framework for vaccine research and allocation，Although it is pricing、Test and other aspects still exist in disputes。On the other hand，The epidemic provides an opportunity for developed countries to use pharmaceutical gain and research results as an opportunity for diplomatic chips。

White Setiz said，So short after the vaccine enters the history of human society，Start with diplomatic function。Although academic research on the new crown virus may be shared today，But the vaccine problem is still inevitable to be affected by the broader framework of international power relations。Current，China、United States、Russia and the European Union produced the first new crown vaccine，and have the largest global influence on vaccine problems。

　　Scientific diplomacy must include humanities and social sciences

Under the historical turning point，The development of scientific diplomacy has ushered in a challenge to traditional diplomatic paradigms。Mapa provides a series of suggestions on promoting the development of scientific diplomatic tolerance。From the perspective of Mapa，The next step of scientific diplomacy is to solve various problems that trouble human society through science，Enhance the common interests of human beings，Promote global sustainable development。Science needs from the laboratory、The conference room goes to the city、People in rural and informal settlements，Need to be strengthened in terms of trust and user friendship，Scientists must take on a loyal media role。At the same time，Countries must further consider the role of the highest level of scientific consultants and research institutes。For example，Establish a scientific commissioner in the diplomatic envoy，and make it researchers in different countries、Show the best practice and promote scientific progress as an important role。For global issues，should be established in international science projects，Let scientists from different countries participate in the agenda that solves the problem。This involves some practical problems，For example, how to provide convenience for scientists' international travel。More guidance should Bet365 app download be given to young scientists，Enhance the role of women in the scientific field，and encourage more young people to participate in scientific exploration。More funds should be allocated to the research and development field。other，Mapa said，Epidemic conditions and natural science and social science have correlations。This reminds us，Need to engage in cross -disciplinary、Scholars of natural science and social sciences in cross -domain research gives more respect。

The question of scientific diplomacy belongs to "soft diplomacy" or "hard diplomacy"，White Saiz said，History since World War II proves that scientific progress is important for national stability and prosperity。So，Scientific relations at the international level involve soft diplomacy and hard diplomacy。Take the epidemic as an example，International cooperation in the distribution of virus and vaccine is part of humanitarian soft diplomacy，The implementation of intellectual property and the vaccine pricing dispute is a manifestation of hard diplomacy。Of course，Global emergency incidents like epidemics require us to work harder in international cooperation。

Sanchez thinks，The future of science depends on the collaboration between public institutions and private。Open science，From a broad sense，Need to meet the following three conditions: First, no one is a knowledge network for barriers，If people do not have to pay high fees for reading scientific research articles or publish their own research results; second, connecting science and economic systems，Including patents、Digital services, etc. The third is to connect science and politics，Make science a engine that improves the international reputation and prestige of a country。

In the field of science and diplomacy，Roffini summarized the lesson lessons left by the three epidemics。First，When scientific diplomacy cannot solve global challenges，This may not be a scientific loss，but caused by the conflict of national interests。Those who are interested in participating in scientific diplomacy should understand the dual nature of scientific diplomacy，That is cooperation and competition。2，To recognize how science issues are bet365 live casino games mixed with geopolitical games。For example，How to develop and promote vaccine is used as a soft power tool。third，The public health crisis highlights the importance of humanities and social sciences，Because we need to deepen the understanding of the social environment and human behavior context，For example，Explore the impact of the epidemic on individual economic conditions and mental health。"Science" in the term science diplomacy must include humanities and social sciences。The scientific and diplomatic community should consider the above -mentioned insight，As a further retrospective and reflection in the post -epidemic era。