March 2021，Simon & Schuster Publishing Company of the United States has published a new book "Wonder: The 25 Most Influential Inventions in the History of Literature" by Angus Fletcher, professor of the Department of English at Ohio State University。bet365 kentucky bonus code book examines various representative works in the history of world literature，Revealing that literature is no different from other technologies，Every writer from ancient times to the present has made a unique contribution。bet365 kentucky bonus code is an advancement in both narratology and neuroscience。The greatness of literature，How to live and love、How to maintain courage in the face of death、Provides ideas for why humans exist and other questions。Research methods based on neuroscience，Fletcher shows readers the ameliorating effect of "literary inventions" on the human heart and mind: alleviating grief、Trauma、Loneliness、Anxiety、numb、Depression、Pessimism、Negative emotions such as boredom，Inspire creativity、Courage、Love、Compassion、Hope、Happiness，Promoting people to make positive changes。

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Fletcher said，The greatest power of literature is manifested in two aspects。On the one hand, narrative，In layman’s terms，That’s the story。Story connects events，Beginning and ending provided，bet365 kentucky bonus code answers questions such as "Where did our world come from?" "Where will people go after death?"。On the other hand，Literature inspires love、Surprise、Beliefs and other emotions，Human beings use the power to resist the misfortunes of life。In order to maximize the power of literature，Our ancestors made many inventions。

The oldest invention is plot reversal。Plato once said，Only reason can lift the soul。And Aristotle noticed while enjoying the drama，Audiences watching ancient Greek tragedies felt an irrational emotional boost of "thaumazein"，meaning surprise、Surprise。Aristotle proposed in "Poetics"，The literary source of bet365 kentucky bonus code exciting feeling is the plot reversal。A classic example is the myth of Oedipus。Oedipus’s parents ordered someone to kill him to prevent their son from killing his father and marrying his mother.，The surviving Oedipus left his adoptive parents when he grew up to avoid the same prophecy coming true。To bet365 kentucky bonus code point，Every link in the event chain is connected smoothly，Push the story forward logically。But in the end something amazing happened，Plausible plot offset: Oedipus unknowingly returns to his birthplace，Killed biological father，Married biological mother。The story of Oedipus is a tragedy，But it created a "thaumazein" in the audience，Instilling awe in God and destiny。

Hidden beneath the plot twist is a more basic literary invention: expansion，i.e. for regular plot、Character、Story background、Expand on narrative style or other core elements of the story。Expansion is the basis of all literary surprise，It turns ordinary things into metaphors，Change regular rhythm into poetic rhythm，Turn ordinary people into heroes。Expansion is a simple literary device，But it has a profound impact on our brain。Modern psychology experiments show，Expansion shifts the focus of neural attention outward，Reduced activity in the parietal lobe of the brain，bet365 kentucky bonus code brain area is related to people’s mental representation of themselves。Therefore，Expansion makes people feel that their boundaries are being dissolved，bet365 kentucky bonus code is why people forget themselves when reading literary works。William James, the "Father of American Psychology", described bet365 kentucky bonus code selflessness as a spiritual experience，21st century psychologists call it self-transcendence。It makes people feel connected to something bigger，Thus triggering a sense of purpose in life。Ancient sages hailed bet365 kentucky bonus code mysterious psychological state as the "highest good" in life，And modern neuroscience shows，Scaling can significantly increase people’s generosity and personal happiness。

Aristotle also discovered，Audiences who watch ancient Greek tragedies not only have increased positive feelings，Negative feelings are also decreasing，Mental health improved。He particularly emphasized the cathartic role of tragedy: arousing and purging fear and pity，To purify the soul。According to modern psychiatric research，Approximately 90% of people will experience post-traumatic fear in their lifetime，About 10% of them will have residual symptoms。For bet365 kentucky bonus code residual symptom，There is no universally applicable treatment，The effects of various treatments vary from person to person。But through large-scale research over the past 20 years，Autobiographical review found to be potentially therapeutic。In a safe、Reflecting on traumatic experiences in a supportive environment，The memory strength will gradually weaken，Becoming less emotionally painful，bet365 kentucky bonus code helps relieve helplessness、Isolation、Hyperalertness and other symptoms。Ancient Greek tragedy just provides the audience with a way to review trauma in a practical and safe environment、Opportunity to vent negative emotions。

　　Exploring new bet365 kentucky bonus code research and education models

Fletcher told this reporter，bet365 kentucky bonus code is an exploration of the new research field of story science，Hope it will broaden your horizons、Thought-provoking effect，Bring readers a new understanding of the power of literature。Story science studies how stories affect the human brain，It is not a branch of traditional literary studies。Traditional literary research relies on text interpretation methods，Story science uses the scientific method of prediction and experiment。Literary critics use cognitive science to interpret literary works，Story Scientists Use Natural History、Narrative Theory、Multidisciplinary approaches such as experimental psychology and behavioral science，Identifying “literary techniques” that have considerable effects on the human brain。So-called technology，Refers to any experience and knowledge that humans use to solve problems。Literary technology aims to solve pain、Lost hope、Lack of creativity、Thinking bias and other problems originating from the brain and the psychological challenges people face。Literature courses generally do not teach story as a technique，But people can still discover and use emotional tools in stories。

In bet365 kentucky bonus code, Fletcher draws on his own background in neuroscience research and his work with psychologists、A collaboration between doctors and neuroscientists，Explains how literary inventions connect different areas of the brain，And drive people to do various things that are good for mental health。He selected literary masterpieces from many regions in the world and from different periods，Case analysis around 25 themes。For example，The "Iliad" in "Homer's Epic" can inspire courage，Dante’s “Divine Comedy: Inferno” can liberate the soul，Shakespeare’s Hamlet Helps Ease Grief，Cao Xueqin's "A Dream of Red Mansions" helps readers achieve self-acceptance，The works of Augustine and Rousseau inspire us to become better versions of ourselves，Virginia Woolf、Proust、Joyce’s works help people find peace of mind，British writer Lewis Carroll’s children’s novel “Alice in Wonderland” can inspire creativity，"The Godfather" by Italian-American writer Mario Puzo helps people fight loneliness。

Fletcher said，His purpose in writing bet365 kentucky bonus code is to introduce reading and thinking about stories、New ways to understand the power of literature。Literary education does not typically teach how to recognize and exploit literary inventions，Focus on the topic instead、Characterization、Argument、Meaning etc.。Fletcher participated in the Ohio State University English Department’s Narrative Project，This project is dedicated to promoting cutting-edge results in the field of narrative research，Emphasis on comprehensiveness、Interdisciplinary approaches to narrative。Different from traditional literary analysis，The first thing Fletcher and others examined was not vocabulary and theme，It’s about what happens in the reader’s brain—how the story makes people feel？Next track the invention corresponding to this feeling，These inventions may be related to the plot、Character、Narrator related，Or related to the background of the story，The theme is not the most important。

For example，When we hope to alleviate loneliness through reading，It is not necessary to look for works with titles or themes that deal with combating loneliness，Specific narrative techniques can also play bet365 kentucky bonus code role。Last two years，The COVID-19 pandemic forces people to reduce their contact with others，Significant increase in time spent alone。bet365 kentucky bonus code makes many people feel lonely，And it may be difficult to adapt to the original normal after resuming travel and social interaction。Reading works like "The Godfather" may help relieve loneliness，Help readers return to normal life faster。Puzo creates chaos in the story、Nervous，The tension is relieved again at the end。bet365 kentucky bonus code will stimulate the reader’s brain to secrete dopamine，Connect it with the characters in the story，As if becoming friends。Neuroscience Display，The dorsal raphe nucleus of the human brain contains a type of dopamine neurons related to making friends，They help people cope with short-term loneliness and encourage people to enjoy social interaction when they see others again。However，If the quarantine lasts for weeks or even months，bet365 kentucky bonus code function will diminish，A brain in isolation makes it difficult to reconnect with others。Literary works can awaken specific brain areas，Promote people to integrate into social life again。

Fletcher emphasized，He hopes to tell readers through bet365 kentucky bonus code，Literature is one of the most powerful technologies，It can promote the human brain to reach its maximum potential，Unleash the power to change the world。This is expected to promote the literary education model towards a more scientific one、A more empowering change of direction，Cultivate more empathy、Creativity、Leaders with a spirit of change and talents in various fields，Make our future better。