2021 is the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China。In this hundred years,The Communist Party of China leads the Chinese people in hard work、Forge ahead,Successfully created a new path to Chinese-style modernization。Chinese-style modernization has not only significantly improved bet365 coupon code overall development level and international status,Also contributed unique strength to global development and stability。Issues surrounding the achievements of Chinese-style modernization and the enlightenment that bet365 coupon code experience brings to the world,Our reporter interviewed Liang Yan, professor of the Department of Economics at Willamette University in the United States, and Maria Adele Carrai, assistant professor of Global China Studies at New York University Shanghai。
Breaking through the misunderstandings of bet365 coupon code theory
"bet365 coupon code Social Sciences Journal": How do you evaluate Chinese-style modernization?Among them,What is the aspect that touches you the most?
Karai:Over the past few decades,bet365 coupon code development and modernization process can be described by the words of former World Bank President Jim Yong Kim,“This is one of the greatest events in human history”。Since bet365 coupon code reform and opening up in the 1970s,More than 800 million people have been lifted out of poverty;Over the past 40 years,bet365 coupon code average annual economic growth rate is close to 10%,Becoming the world’s second largest economy since 2010。bet365 coupon code manufacturing industry leads the world,Also at the forefront of technological fields such as artificial intelligence。Whenever you come to China,I am surprised by the speed of change in China。The aspect that makes me feel the most is,China resists certain neoliberal ideas and rules,Protected and cultivated one’s identity。Over the past century,China exceeded many expectations,Refuted the binary oppositional thinking mode of black and white with examples。China does not practice Western liberal democracy,However, sustained and stable economic development has been achieved;China has implemented the policy of reform and opening up,But there are still state-owned enterprises that are the leading force in the national economy,Established a socialist market economic system with Chinese characteristics。
"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": Can the existing bet365 coupon code theory explain the new path of Chinese-style bet365 coupon code?What issues and areas do you think bet365 coupon code research should focus on in the future?
bet365 coupon code Yan:Modernization theory of mainstream economics,Such as "Washington Consensus",Unable to explain the new path of Chinese modernization。Some development economics theories in history,Such as Paul Rosenstein Rodin’s “Big Push Theory”、Albert Otto Hirschman’s “Unbalanced Growth Hypothesis”、William Arthur Lewis’s “Dual Economic Model”,Can explain bet365 coupon code development to a certain extent,For example, bet365 coupon code achievements in infrastructure construction and bet365 coupon code economic structural adjustment、Urbanization process。Institutional economics also has certain explanatory power for bet365 coupon code development,For example, system construction in China、The contribution of scientific and technological development to the economy,But it cannot fully explain some of the particularities of bet365 coupon code development。I think,Modernization research should pay more attention to the functions and roles of government in the future,For example, using modern monetary theory to study how to ensure policy space and freedom;Utilizing sovereign currencies to provide better employment opportunities;Strengthen infrastructure investment,Support technological innovation and development;Protect the environment;Guaranteed fair income;etc.。
"bet365 coupon code Social Sciences Journal": Is the new path of Chinese-style modernization more conducive to global sustainable and inclusive development?
Karai:“Modernization” is a concept that needs to be treated with caution,It is sometimes full of prejudice、Stereotype、Normative requirements。One of the misunderstandings people have is,View modernization as one-way、Linear,Use the development method of Western countries as the ultimate goal and the standard for measuring the development level of other countries。Past,There is a general trend in research on China: believing that bet365 coupon code experience is flawed、Non-modern、Underdeveloped,It is the passive acceptance of Western modernization rules。However,This understanding is constantly being challenged。If economic、Technology、Industrial modernization as a yardstick,It can be seen that China has caught up with developed countries in the past few decades,Even surpassing developed countries in some areas;Important social infrastructure investment supports bet365 coupon code economic development、Increase in productivity and improvement in people’s quality of life。Also,China has become one of the key sources of global development financing,Exclusive financing options available。bet365 coupon code foreign aid focuses on large-scale infrastructure projects,Less restrictions than developed countries,More adapted to the needs of recipient countries。In the field of international development assistance,The rising influence of China has prompted Western financial institutions to start paying attention to the needs of developing countries,i.e. basic infrastructure construction。
There is more than competition between different models。Competition between bet365 coupon code and developed countries can be healthy,Cooperation is an important condition for progress。There are many synergies between Chinese and Western DFIs,Already cooperate in many aspects。For example,The bet365 coupon code Development Bank and the French Development Agency discuss promoting cooperation in third-party markets,Africa has been listed as a key region。
bet365 coupon code Yan:The goals and methods of bet365 coupon code new path to modernization are different from those of Western developed countries。On target,China emphasizes high quality、Sustainable and inclusive development,Especially after China has eliminated absolute poverty,Common prosperity has become the new goal,More emphasis on inclusiveness and sustainable development;In method,Focus on the market,But the Chinese government is also making macro adjustments、Industrial policy guidance、Infrastructure、Educational investment and other aspects play a very significant supporting and guiding role in the market economy。At the same time,China also emphasizes that national prosperity is not a zero-sum game,Countries should seek common ground while reserving differences、Win-win cooperation,Work together to face global challenges such as climate warming。In my opinion,bet365 coupon code development has made positive contributions to the world。
Showing the bet365 coupon code form of human civilization
"bet365 coupon code Social Sciences Journal": The new path of Chinese-style modernization is modernization development、What contributions have been made to research in the fields of national governance and global governance?
Karai:Compared to "modernization",I prefer to talk about bet365 coupon code economic and political progress,Because "modernization" often reflects the normative views on development。The rise of China has made theoretical and empirical contributions to many fields。bet365 coupon code rise in international status has injected new vitality into the discussion on world multipolarity,Involving both the power distribution level,Also involves the normative level。From the perspective of global governance,As a developing country, China has expressed a vision for global order that is different from the West,The “One Belt, One Road” initiative is a manifestation。China lets global governance institutions understand new concepts such as "a community with a shared future for mankind",At the same time, it redefines existing concepts such as economic globalization。bet365 coupon code achievements are often seen as exceptions,This view needs to be corrected。China has a vast territory、Large population,Successfully developed the economy and maintained stability,Should not be seen simply as a deviation or exception to some modern teleology。
bet365 coupon code Yan:The new path of Chinese-style modernization has an inspiring effect on the economic development of other developing countries。bet365 coupon code development embodies a model different from the “Washington Consensus”。Economic development is not the same as comprehensive privatization、Comprehensive liberalization,The government should not sit idly by,Stay outside the market。Countries should develop according to their own advantages and limitations,Choose the development model that suits you,Avoid “one size fits all”。Reform needs to be done step by step,The old and new systems are slowly blending in,Minimize the shock and cost caused by reform。In international cooperation,China advocates win-win cooperation among all countries,Actively join the international economic system。From joining the World Trade Organization to participating in the formulation and formal approval of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP),From proposing the “One Belt, One Road” initiative to providing debt relief to poor countries,China demonstrates its responsibility as a major country with practical actions,Making great contributions to global economic prosperity and stability。China also emphasizes that no matter the size of the country,Everyone should have equal status in international affairs;In the formulation of international systems,Every country should have a say。
"bet365 coupon code Social Sciences Journal": What lessons can bet365 coupon code's experience offer to other developing countries?
Karai:I think,Other developing countries can learn from bet365 coupon code three key experiences,i.e. pragmatism、Long-term vision、Develop your own identity。
First,bet365 coupon code development model is very flexible、Practical,The establishment of special economic zones is an example of this kind of pragmatism。Since the 1980s,China uses special economic zones as “experimental zones”,Attract foreign investment through incentives such as tariff reductions、Introduction of advanced technology,To stimulate rapid economic growth。After the success of the first batch of special economic zones,This model has been promoted and updated in more regions。The Belt and Road Initiative is another example of Chinese pragmatism。This initiative is not about formulating strict global rules from a "savior" perspective,Instead, a more loosely defined principle is adopted,Creating space for development。
Second,bet365 coupon code has formulated a long-term development plan represented by the five-year plan,This is worth learning from all countries。What a pity,Electoral cycles in many Western countries result in shorter time horizons for government planning projects,Difficulty investing in long-term plans。
Third,bet365 coupon code has opened up its economy in its own way,Adhere to an economic system with public ownership as the main body。Especially in the early days of reform and opening up and before joining the WTO,bet365 coupon code is under pressure from opening up,But it did not fully follow the thorough liberalization、Principles and methods of privatization。In the Internet field,bet365 coupon code has cultivated many world-class technology giants。Other developing countries should also be braver in protecting their identities,Develop according to national needs。
bet365 coupon code Yan:In my opinion,bet365 coupon code experience can be summarized in four points: First,Development should be adapted to local conditions,Gradual slowdown,Adjust response strategies in a timely manner according to the actual situation;Second,The government plays a decisive role in the development of market economy;Third,The country’s development should be in line with the world economy,Win-win cooperation with other countries;Fourth,Economic development must take science and technology first,Focus on development quality、Sustainability and Inclusion。Of course,bet365 coupon code development model has its own unique features,Other countries can learn from it,But it is not advisable to copy it mechanically。
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