November 1，The compilation agency of "Collins English Dictionary" released the 2022 Collins annual words: "Permacrisis" (long -term crisis)。This is a mixed word，Combined with two English words "Permanent" (permanent) and "Crisis" (crisis)，means "long -term instability and unsafe"。Circular Calculator，The word emphasizes the crisis facing the United Kingdom and the world.，If political instability、Military conflict、Climate change、High life costs，"It summarizes how bad it is for many people in 2022"。

 

　　Pessimon atmosphere is filled

Publisher of the Collins English Dictionary, Harper Collins Publishing Group Language Content Consultant Helen Newstead, said，"Very obvious，This year's public opinion is led by crisis。‘Permacrisis’ summarizes the crisis and a row、The condition of not giving a breath，I think this can resonate with everyone。There are not many things worth celebrating this year，Annual words capture everyone's feelings at this moment "。

 

Alex Beecroft, Managing Director of the Collins Learning Company, said，"Language can reflect what happened in society and the broad world，and this year，Challenge one by one。People are experiencing the follow -up shock of Brexit、New Crown pneumonia epidemic、Extreme weather、Political turmoil、After European energy shortage，Feeling that I live in the state of uncertainty and worry "。

 

The British "Guardian" editor David Shariatmadari said，"'Permacrisis' expresses the sense of dizziness bet365 Play online games that has never seen and unprepared when they have never seen and uncontrolled.，People hopelessly want to know，What bad things are about to come? "

 

The compilation agency of "Collins English Dictionary" is called，"Permacrisis" was first seen in the academic context in the 1970s，But in recent months, the amount of usage has increased。From the media report，"Permacrisis" really appeared in the public field of vision, in April 2021，CEO of the European Policy Center of the Belgian Think Tank、Chief Economist Fabian Zuleeg，Research Director Janis A. Emmanouilidis and the head of the "European Project in the World" Ricardo Borges de Castro ) The article "The Era of the Long -term Crisis" published by the independent media "European Dynamics"。

 

Three researchers wrote，A kind of crisis fatigue emotion is now spread in Europe: the end of the epidemic is out of reach，Social and political cohesion within Europe、European values ​​are under pressure，The geopolitical environment is still unstable。At the same time，Climate change and technological innovation continue to accelerate，The future of human society may be greatly different from the past。Many Europeans desire to stabilize、predictability，But easy degeneration、Uncertainty、Vulnerability、Long -term emergency situation will become a new normal rather than accidental。

 

Elected to the other words of the 2022 Collins' annual words list also revealed the feeling of disappointment and weakness of the Western people in the recent social and political environment。For example，"Lawfare" (legal war，Refers to strategically use legal litigation procedures to intimidate or hinder bet365 best casino games the opponent)、"Quiet Quitting" (lying on the job，Refers to performing duties only at work，Leave more time to personal life)、"Warm Bank" (heating bank)、"Partygate" (gathering door), etc.。

 

This year，Geopolical conflicts caused European natural gas to "discount"，The severe high temperature and dry weather in summer in summer weakened hydraulic、Nuclear and solar power generation capabilities，In addition, the European power market uses marginal cost pricing，These commonly led to the rise in European electricity prices。Some people who are unable to afford the heating cost of the family have to go to the library、Gallery、Community Activity Center、Church and other public buildings with heating facilities avoid cold，These places are also called "heating banks"。

 

To control the spread of the epidemic，The British government in March 2020、November and January 2021 Order，Strictly restrict social gatherings。But，within the validity period of the ban，Some British government officials, including then Prime Minister Boris Johnson, held 16 gatherings at the official residence of the Prime Minister and other government office。This series of events are called "gathering doors"，The "Gate" at the end of the word was taken from the 1972 American politics scandal of the American politics scandal。

 

　　Crisis is also a turnaround

Notting Hanktter University English、The Director of the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Neil Turnbull, talks，For a long time，Philosophers regard crisis as the following situations: it pushes individuals or groups to a situation of thinking and critical，Then formulate a new way to solve the problem of bet365 best casino games urgent problems。This definition comes from the word "Krisis" in ancient Greek，This word has the meaning of "decision", "judgment", "turning point"。But，Study based on German historian Reinhart Koselleck (Reinhart Koselleck)，"Krisis" has experienced significant semantic changes in modern philosophy，Turning refers to the resistance between the opposite power，It accelerates the transition from the past to the future。Professor Steven Venette at the University of China Florida's Communication Professor Steven Venette，"Crisis is a change process，In the process, the old system cannot be maintained again "。

 

Marx believes that capitalism is an economic system full of crisis，This description is the above meaning of the crisis。Due to the technological revolution, the productivity has achieved rapid development，and the capitalist pursues high profits，Product supply far exceeds consumer demand，Caused the crisis of excess production。This also forced culture、Social and political innovation，Including a welfare country in the 20th century。From Marx's view，As the profit margin tends to decline，Capitalism will eventually usher in crisis，A brand new、A better social system will rise，That is communism。Thomas Kuhn, a American scientist philosopher, also treats crisis in a similar way of research in scientific history。He proposed in the representative work "The Structure of the Scientific Revolution"，Scientific progress is not linear，Breakthrough scientific thought is not from daily、Graduated experiments and data accumulation，The Scientific Revolution was born outside "Normal Science"。

 

　　The current crisis is complex and diversified

Turnbull said，In the bet365 Play online games theory of Marx and Kun，Crisis and progress and even ideals are related，and "Permacrisis" means a static、Story dilemma，It does not lead to better things。This concept can be interpreted with the help of contemporary system theory and complexity science。The system is by multiple interactions、The complex whole composed of interdependent parts，French philosopher、Sociologist、Edgar Morin, the originator of "Complex Thought", regards the organization or society as a system that may experience crisis。He believes that human beings now survive in a close -hailing system network，The crisis in any system will trigger a crisis in other systems。As early as 1999's book "Earth Home: New Millennium Declaration"，Moran proposed the concept of "multiple crisis": "There is more than one problem that is important，but there are many，Question、hostile、Crisis、Unprecedented process and the general crisis interaction of the earth、Combined into one，It constitutes a crucial problem that has a ‘number one’。”

 

Director of the European Research Institute of Columbia University、Professor Adam Tooze, a professor of history, also described the current world with a "multiple crisis"。October this year，Tuz published an article "Welcome to Multi -Crisis World" in the British "Financial Times"，When a problem challenges our response ability，and then threatening our identity，It becomes a crisis。In multiple crises，The impact is different，But their interaction causes the overall to be more overwhelming than part of the part。Big Popularity、Natural disaster、War threat、The fragile Western democratic system、Tensioned Power bet365 best casino games Relationship、huge ecological pressure caused by economic and social development ... Compared with the 20th century crisis，The crisis in the past 15 years is so overwhelmed，Because people seem to be able to determine a single reason、Find a single solution。

 

　　"Long -term Crisis" reveals pessimistic mentality

Turnbull said，From "multi -crisis" to "long -term crisis"，Crisis now seems to be regarded as a situation that can only be controlled and cannot be resolved。The crisis becomes so complicated and deep -rooted，It may exceed our understanding ability，Decisions for any crisis have risks that make the situation worse。The term "long -term crisis" shows that people lose confidence in progress，What can I cope with、What can be achieved to produce a pessimistic realism。This refers to a distressing conclusion: the crisis is no longer a problem，but stubborn facts。

 

But，Some people think，The key is how people treat crisis。The official website of the British "Daily Telegraph" On November 3rd, "The Real" Long -term Crisis "exists in Western civilization" pointed out，Disaster is part of the human situation，War、disease、The financial crisis and other phenomena are not far away from us。Many people feel that in recent years, it is different from the past because the world has changed，but because people have changed。People no longer change the change、Destroyed events and accidents are deemed to be part of life that must be adapted，Instead, they think they are impossible、4353_4363，The government should protect the public。

 

Talk about the article，"Major events and the changes that come are abnormal，Normal life should be smooth、Shunli、Uncomfortable "" Each risk is full of threatening and difficult Bet365 app download to avoid，The world is dangerous than in the past "... When people start thinking like this，will become fragile、Lost toughness。It can be said，The worldview of the Westerners has gone backwards。