November 20, local time，The 27th Conference of the Parties (COP27) of the United Nations Framework Convention on app bet365 download concluded in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt。The theme of this conference is the implementation of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol、Climate commitments from the 2015 Paris Agreement and COP26 in Glasgow, UK in 2021。Although many contracting countries have introduced policies for temperature control，But due to lack of practical action，Many promises become empty words。Facing the stagnant decarbonization and emission reduction process，Scholars think，Accelerating the implementation of deep decarbonization policies requires breaking through the short-termism model、Get rid of neocolonial thinking。In addition，Policy implementers also need to take into account both internal coordination and external cooperation，Towards the future with an inclusive and just transformation attitude。

　　Developed countries need to abide by their long-term responsibilities for app bet365 download actions

The international app bet365 download science agency "Global Carbon Budget" released the "Global Carbon Budget" report on November 14。The study shows，The world is expected to emit 40.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide in 2022。over 1.Before the 5℃ global warming threshold，Humans can also emit 380 billion tons of carbon dioxide。According to the current global carbon emission rate，Humanity will use up the remaining amount of carbon emissions within 9 years，The world prevented the global average temperature from rising above 1 in 9 years.The probability of 5℃ is only 50%。

The report also pointed out，The United States and India will see the largest increases in carbon dioxide emissions in 2022。U.S. carbon emissions expected to increase in 20221.5%，Among them, natural gas and petroleum have a higher proportion of carbon emissions。The growth in India’s coal consumption will lead to a 6% increase in the country’s expected carbon emissions。Meanwhile，Fossil fuel carbon emissions in China and the EU are each expected to fall by 0% this year.9% and 0.8%。Affected by geopolitics，EU natural gas carbon emissions fell by 10%。However，EU consumes more energy after replacing natural gas with coal，Causing coal’s carbon emissions to increase by 6.7%。Report thinks，The decarbonization and emission reduction efforts of each country cannot offset the rising total global emissions。If humans want to avoid the most catastrophic impacts of app bet365 download，It is urgent for developed countries and enterprises to urgently reduce global carbon emissions。

Andrew Jordan, professor of environmental science and policy at the University of East Anglia, UK, pointed out in the article "Political Challenges of Deep Decarbonization: Towards a More Integrated Agenda" published in March 2022，Hindering the current progress of developed countries、The factors for efficient decarbonization are neither scientifically understood，Not a technical solution，But the decision-maker、Lack of long-term coordination between policy and the public、Trust and coordination mechanism，The various obstacles that prevent the government from fulfilling its app bet365 download commitments。Jordan said，“Short-termism” is often regarded by scholars as an inherent characteristic of app bet365 download policy implementation in Western-style democracies。Decision makers in Western-style democracies focus on getting re-elected，Voters value job creation and economic wealth growth within a single term，Ignoring the benefits of long-term app bet365 download stability。In times of economic turmoil and unclear policy causality，Politicians tend to adopt a highly incremental strategy，Deliberately ignoring the potential difficulties and high costs in the long term for the sake of short-term partial benefits。In recent years，Voters’ distrust of the government、The rise of populism and the Western-style democratic political style with strong consumerism characteristics have exacerbated the tendency of developed countries to adopt short-term app bet365 download solutions，Making long-term adherence to decarbonization and emission reduction targets increasingly difficult。

Adopting public policies to achieve the decarbonization goals of the Paris Agreement requires significant social commitments from the government，And the long-term execution scope is larger、Deeper、More efficient policies。Jordan thinks，For the public，This will undoubtedly require a change in one’s daily lifestyle，For example, changing food consumption、Scrap disposal、Habits in home heating and travel。Currently developed countries are unable to seize the opportunity for in-depth low-carbon emission reduction actions，Therefore such a policy cannot be widely implemented。If the policy is implemented too quickly，It may trigger public resistance，leading to a spiraling increase in social costs。If policymakers cannot strictly adhere to policies to the end，Achieving net-zero emissions targets by the middle of this century can only be a pipe dream。Jordan thinks，Developed countries must clarify the implementation targets of deep low-carbon emission reduction actions as soon as possible、Execution scope、Execution phase、Issues such as acceptance methods。This not only requires close coordination among various governance levels and departments within developed countries，We must also actively communicate and cooperate with the 198 parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on app bet365 download，To understand the true costs and benefits of different decarbonization and emission reduction policies。

　　Beware of app bet365 download and neocolonial thinking

Canadian Ethnicity、Principal Researcher on Inequality and Global Change、Vanessa Andreotti, professor in the Department of Educational Studies at the University of British Columbia, participated in the live session of COP27。She observes that the vast majority of discussions around decarbonization still follow “green multicultural capitalism”，A carbon-neutral and more “inclusive” capitalism。However，Andreotti thinks，It is this model that destroys the balance of the ecosystem，Causing further intensification of app bet365 download，Resulting in the loss of resources and population in the Aboriginal living areas。Currently，Indigenous people account for 4% of the world’s population，Their habitat maintains 80% of the biodiversity on the earth。Over the past 40 years，Some policymakers and companies in developed countries that promote green energy are eager for quick success，Forcibly expropriating the living areas of the indigenous people without their consent，Arson burned large areas of the Amazon rainforest，Make way for large-scale “green” agriculture，Production of “green” goods for consumption in northern countries。Today，The Amazon biome is approaching tipping point，Regions once covered by forests are transforming from "carbon sinks" to "carbon sources"。

Andreotti thinks，The main challenge in solving the global app bet365 download problem does not stem from methodology (more effective policy and communication)，Not from epistemology (more data and information feedback)，But ontology，That is, what kind of relationship should human beings choose to get along with each other、Living with the Earth。Developed countries need to deeply reflect on any thinking similar to colonial history、Patterns of Action and Being，Otherwise they will only cause more unethical harm to indigenous peoples and developing countries in decarbonization and emission reduction projects。Andreotti lists 7 types of global development、Poverty reduction project、Common injustice representations and patterns of engagement in wealth distribution and app bet365 download narratives，They are hegemonic behaviors (consolidating and maintaining the status quo)、Ethnocentric assumption (generalizing a point of view、Superiority)、Ahistorical way of thinking (forgetting the role of history in shaping today’s problems)、Depoliticization orientation (ignoring the impact of power inequality)、Selfish motives (smug heroism)、Simplified solutions (providing “feel good” quick fixes，But not studying the root cause of the problem) and paternalistic investment (seeking "gratitude" and "return" from the "helped")。

Andreotti said，To maintain the role of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on app bet365 download in coordinating the implementation of climate commitments between countries in the South and the North、An important negotiation platform for decarbonization actions，It is necessary to emphasize the historical and structural harm suffered by Aboriginal people、Respect the voices and rights of indigenous peoples in emissions reduction and decarbonization、Repair relations with indigenous communities as soon as possible、Form an international cooperative relationship for decarbonization and emission reduction based on fairness and justice。No respect for the ecological environment、Reciprocity between different communities and a sense of responsibility to future generations，It is impossible for the earth to achieve carbon neutrality。On global issues such as decolonization and de-"greening multicultural capitalism"，The indigenous people still have a lot of wisdom to share。

　Towards an inclusive and inclusive app bet365 download and emission reduction path

Sociology, University of Bristol, UK、Alix Dietzel, professor at the School of Political Science and International Relations, thinks，This COP is important for advancing just transition at the national and local levels。A just transition is about maximizing social and economic opportunities for app bet365 download action，Simultaneously minimizing challenges such as unfair distribution of community benefits and costs。Dietzel et al. pointed out in the article "Just Transition: Decarbonization from a Whole System Perspective" published in August 2022，Since 1970，The concept of "just transition" has been continuously recognized by the European Trade Union Confederation and the International Labor Organization。2015，The 21st Conference of the Parties adopted Agenda 21，Just transformation of the workforce、Creating decent jobs and high-quality jobs is officially recognized as an important area of ​​advancement。

Dietzel said，Long time，Many Just Transition Policy Paradigms，such as sustainable development、Ecological modernization and green growth，Always following reductionist logical thinking。They compete through the market、The language for enterprises to improve efficiency and technological innovation，The narrative that sustains capital growth。This “status quo” or “management reform” oriented approach to just transformation aims to maintain existing social power relations。Although mainstream just transition app bet365 download policies have had positive impacts for small populations，For example, reducing local unemployment，But they lack the long-term structural push、The ability to make systemic changes。

Dietzel and others believe，Because society does not understand the complexity and intersectionality behind inequality，Many mainstream just transition policies have triggered exclusion effects。For example，Energy transformation in some developed countries、Development of electric vehicle industry、Photovoltaic panel installation plan and other measures，Will disproportionately benefit high-income families。In addition，Technical rationalist discourse while depoliticizing a just transition，While portraying the green economy as a carefully planned one、Consensus-based capital projects，Considering addressing injustice as merely a “side effect” of techno-economic adjustments，Ignores the important intersection of historical responsibility and resource extraction patterns。Proposed by Dietzel，Issues of app bet365 download injustice produced by social interactions are constantly evolving，The impact is difficult to predict，Therefore cannot be solved by a single social organization or simplistic solution。

To make up for the shortcomings of reductionism，Proposed by Dietzel et al.，To achieve just transformation through a whole-system perspective，Guide society towards an inclusive and inclusive app bet365 download and emission reduction path。The concept of a just transition in this perspective goes beyond the opposition between jobs and fossil fuels。

Dietzel et al. listed 4 types of justice that form a just transformation framework from a holistic system perspective，They are procedural justice，Referring to continuing to listen to the voices of groups most affected by app bet365 download；Distributive justice，referring to fairness、Equitably share the costs and benefits of transformation；Acknowledge justice，Refers to exploring the potential for app bet365 download and transition policies to exacerbate existing structural social inequalities；restoring justice，Refers to making up for historical harm to climate vulnerable groups through climate finance and other methods。Dietzel believes，Only iterate around one、A flexible and inclusive whole-system framework for carbon neutral conversations，Only when policy makers formulate just transformation policies can they be in line with the actual situation，This is more likely to achieve a fair and equitable decarbonization and emission reduction future than a transformational approach under reductionism。