Eugene Albert Nida proposed "translation is translation meaning"，The definition of the briefness of translation words。On the surface，Translation is a conversion between different languages; but in essence，Translation changes to language、text or symbols，The meaning of the original text is retained。This is the consensus between Chinese and foreign translators and translators。Has the meaning，It is also equivalent to grasping the essential characteristics of the translation。What does it mean? This is a complex problem that makes many linguists and philosophers feel a headache，There is no unified answer so far。Although the meaning is quite complicated，But simply，Significance is the unity of form (capable) and content (referred to)。Speak a little bit，Significance is like iceberg located in the sea，Forms that expose the water surface，Located below the water is content。The language form is visible，But the content is hidden。In other words，Form is the surface structure，The content is deep structure。The translation process is to convert the surface structure into a deep structure。

If meaning is the unity of form and content，Then the relationship between form and content becomes the key to translation conversion。The relationship between form and content，It can be displayed through two metaphors of walnuts Bet365 lotto review and onions。One is the metaphor of onion，Form and content are integrated，Abandoned form，It is equivalent to discarding content，Dipping layer，Dipped to the end, left nothing。One is a walnut metaphor，Forms and content can be separated，knocking open the shell，Get fruit kernels，Abandoned form，Get kernel。The relationship between form and content sometimes looks like walnut，Sometimes like onions，Different translation should be treated，Use different translations，so as to achieve different translation purposes。

Onion metaphor is suitable for literary translation，Forms and content are inseparable，Discarding form is equal to discarding meaning。The form of literature has multiple types，For example, match、Metaphor、symbol、Repeat、Text Game、Double level、Sentence、grid、Stranger such as stranger。From the perspective of text type，Poetry in literature is the most particular form of art。In this case，Translator should retain the original literary form of the original work，Delivery with shape，Give the translation of literary meaning。

walnut metaphors suitable for non -literary translation，It is not important for its language form，The important thing is the content behind the form。The form and content can be separated from the translation，Understand the content behind it，Then use a proud method to keep the meaning of the original work in the target language。Walnut translation is pursuing meaning to peer，instead of formal peers。Verse quoted in political text，You can do not need its bet365 best casino games poetic form during translation，and directly convert to content。Some metaphors appearing in business text，You can abandon the metaphor when translated，and directly convert to meaning。

Onion metaphors require the form of the original work，walnut metaphors allow the form of the original work，This is from the perspective of the fundamental difference between literature and non -literature。but，This does not mean that the form of literature can be kept intact，A non -literary form can be abandoned。Whether it is literature or non -literature，When the form and meaning are consistent，Its form has the possibility of reservation; when the form and meaning occur in two languages,，It is difficult to transplant it directly。

During the translation conversion process，Can the original text be transplanted in the translation intact? Does formal change cause meaning changes?，or Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra so -called "like a flip flower blanket，I only have to see the back "，Or Qian Yanshu said, "Take off your tire，Replace it with immortality "? Such translation metaphors，Most of the lack of regret and meaning of translation。As for the metaphor of Qian Yushu said，Can only be the ideal of translation。

In the translation conversion process, there will be more or less distorted，There are many types of questions，Three of them here。First, the mechanical movement of the original form of the original text hard translation，The translation is incomprehensible。The second is to abandon the original form，Lead of underwriting translation。Third, too much pursuit bet365 Play online games of form or function is equivalent，Leading the translation of the translation。Objective causes of these three problems include differences in language、Lack of culture、Change of context、Differences of the background of the reader's knowledge、The distance of translation, etc.; The subjective reason is，Translator's ability to translate、Cross -cultural conversion awareness weak、Not enough learning、Variousness is not high、Insufficient experience, etc.。For these three problems，Three corresponding solutions are proposed here。First is to be proud and forget the law; the second is the Contest Correction Law; the third is the creative translation method。Proud and forgetful method is a translation method that reserves the original text in the form of the original text.。

Pride to forget the form。This translation is the earliest translation from the Buddhist scriptures，Is a kind of dedicated and light translation，Translation suitable for walnut -type text。summarized，The language form that can be abandoned mainly includes "fake friends"、Xi、Proverb、Forming Language、Special cultural load words、Historical allusions, etc.。This type of language form and content are arbitrary，No inner reason。For example，"Rice Barrel", "Half Bottle of Vinegar", "Hard Bone", "Tofu Dippy Project", "Lift the Cars", "Blowing the Horn", "Brain Inlet Water", "Drinking Northwest Wind" and so on，Translation such a language expression，The most taboo is to mechanically bet365 best casino games copy the original form，Hard translation or death translation。Generally speaking，Water seeing water is water，I don’t know about changing，Translation Make the target reader foggy，Generally speaking。Generally speaking，This form does not have the value of reserved，The straightforward method is to get rid of formal restraint，Take off the language shell，Direct translation of its meaning，Quickly realize the communication purpose of translation。

Contextual Correction Law。If the form of the original text has important cultural or literary value，Abandon the form of the original text，Only Yi Yi，Not Spiritual，will lead to underwriting translation，so as to greatly reduce the literary nature of the translation，Light and tasteless。For example，"A Dream of Red Mansions" describing Wang Xifeng's jealous sentence is very vivid: "People are vinegar jars，She is a vinegar cylinder，Vinegar! "David Hawkes) translated it to: They Call Jealous People" Vinegar Bottles ", Do n’t they? Well, She ’s Not Just a Bottle-FULL of Vinegar; she’ s a storage-jar-a whole cistern-fire of it!，Hawke allows readers to understand the semantic relationship between "jealous" and "jealousy"，Translation is very vivid。This translation can retain the intentional form of the original text，Let the readers pay less efforts and gain a greater context effect。

Creative Translation Method。This translation is neither abandoning the original form，It is not to retain the form of the original text by bet365 Play online games increasing the explanatory content or background knowledge，Instead, find a new language form to convey the literary nature of the original text in the target language。Creative translation method is neither literal or alienation，Not a free translation or naturalization，It is not a replacement of the translation of the target language，but a kind of opening the original text and translation、Translation method of integrating Chinese and foreign。It is not a replacement of the translation of the target language，It is not a free translation and chaotic translation。Creative translation method focuses on formal communication，But this is an intentional form。Creative translation method also pays attention to the conversation of meaning，But this is a meaning of artistic conception。Creative translation method is a transcendence of proud and unforgettable method，What is pursuing is to translate and translate on the basis of translation。

To sum up，Translation is the meaning of translation，meaning is the unity of form and content，The interconnection can be expressed with two metaphors of walnuts and onions。Translation conversion can not copy the original form of the original text，Making forgotten is the basic requirements of translation，But for literary translation，This translation can also lead to the lack of image nature、Artistic and Literature。The higher realm of the translation is that the translator exerts subjective energy，Create a new expression，Be both in metaphysics。

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(Author Unit: Academy of Foreign Languages ​​of Suzhou University; School of Foreign Languages ​​from Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics)