"Lao Tzu" Chapter 5 The opening cloud: "The world is not benevolent，Taking everything as a dumpling dog; the sage is not benevolent，Taking the people as a dumpling dog。"" These words are eye -catching，It is difficult to understand。If it is a factual judgment，How can the sage do not have? If it is value proposition，How can I advocate unkind? People from ancient and modern hope for Wen Shengyi，I think Lao Tzu is opposed to benevolence，It advocates that the people are like grass。Actually what I want to say is，The sage should further surpass the ethical realm to the world of heaven and earth。This article is intended to make some analysis，to break all kinds of misunderstandings and distorted。For easy discussion，We use "not benevolent" and "morality" specifically.，Uncassion with no quotation marks、Morality refers to the unrequited and unreasonable and ethical morality in the usual sense。

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Zhang Ye、Cheng Yi、Zhu Xi、Qian Yanshu and others equate "not benevolent" with numbness and even cruel，and think that Shen Han's tragedy originated from this。For example，Zhang Ye thinks，"Lao Tzu ... Everyone who regards the world is like an indigenous occasional。Its heart is all cold，It is a murderer or not shot，Therefore, its stream is mostly in the name of fraud。"Zhu Xi believes，"Lao Tzu's heart is the most poisonous，It is not the person who does not fight with others，So the deep compete，This is the case for its intentions。He is just so soft when he is in leisure，Meet the strong person，It is so treated you "。Someone further played on this basis，I think Confucian has tears，Taoist no tears; Confucianism and people love things，Care about bet365 live casino games the suffering of the people，A sense of warmth，Taoism is cold and ruthless。English translator also translates "not benevolent" as unkind。This is really a thick old man，and failed to see the source flow of the school。

Of course，Some people also feel that Lao Tzu will not be disconnected to advocate unwillingness，So Qu plus return，If Yu Ji insists that the sage should be read in one breath，This sentence means that the people are the purse，The saint thinks that it is not benevolent。Wei Yuan、Liu Shipei、Wang Yan understands it as Lao Tzu's compassion: Lao Tzu is rebuking to blame the world、The sage see all things like soil and mustard and have nothing to do with it;，Where can I talk about "with the hearts of the people"! This kind of defense tries to prove that Lao Tzu is holding a keen love position，It can be said that Lao Tzu thought。

Guo store Chu Jian's "Lao Tzu"，The academic community found that there were four sentences of "not benevolence in the world"，I do not see the saying of "unbearable saints" and "peerfulness and abandon"，So many difficulties、Confusion seems to be relieved。Scholars exclaimed that Lao Tzu did not exclude benevolence and even affirmed benevolence，Therefore, you should re -examine the distinction between Tao Confucianism。I think，This is the case where Lao Tzu's thoughts are not pushed through the market，Evaluate the value of Chu Jian's other texts in the high ground，It is not a true history of thought。

　　Benevolence is not enough to do everything

In fact，Lao Tzu is pushing the heavenly Personnel here。"The heaven and the earth is not benevolent"，It is the objective fact that states the objective facts at the actual level; "the sage is not benevolent"，It is to urge the world to adjust their behavior at the level。Unconsciousness of Heaven and Earth，It really does not matter with no benevolence (the world cannot be benevolent，Can't be benevolent);，But the need to get effective，Therefore, "the sage is bet365 best casino games not benevolent" means that the effect of the world is unintentional、Nothing to Ren Ren。Why is there nothing?

One，Benevolence always wants to provide someone with specific care for others，But it is impossible to take care of the specific needs of many individuals，This is what Zhuangzi · Qiwu theory said: "Ren is often not done。"(" Cheng "one" week ") individual is different，Their needs also vary from person to person，Heaven and Earth、It is impossible for the sage to take care of the specific needs of each individual。Su Shi's "Sizhou Sangha Tower" poem cloud: "Farming fields want to rain，Those who go smoothly。If everyone prays, then then，Creation should be changed every day。"Different individuals at the same time will also have the opposite demand，Who is satisfied with? At this time, you can't help falling into care、The embarrassing situation of disassembling the east wall supplement the west wall。Western Han Yan Yan pointed out: "There is also a division of benevolent love，and the propyration of objects is endless，There is a division system to teach infinite potential，It does not assume each other，from (Utimable) Chuan is exhausted and weeping。"Similarly，Polites for the politicians，Isn't it too much? and，His gods、What can I do? As a result, it still has no work or little effect。It can be said，Benevolence is not competent for the savior ideal set。

Its two，Renren has a high sense of mission，Its behavior of pushing and expanding benevolence will cause many problems。Benevolence is intentional，This heart is a benevolent heart。Benevolence believes that people are the same heart，The same reason for the heart，Then based on this common human nature theory，Promote what you think is good to others。Although the benevolent may be able to abide by "what you want，Do not apply to people "，But their enthusiasm caused them to have a blind spot，That is, I can't recognize "what I want，Do not apply Bet365 app download to people "。Actually，They just want to do what they want to people，This may cause interference with others，Obstructing the natural growth and development of others。"Zhuangzi · Xu Wu Gui": "Love the people，At the beginning of harming the people "，It is for this。Benevolence from self -starting，No one who respects others，Its original intention may be "Good for you"，The result is the nature of invading others，Love is suitable for harm。

Its three，Promoting benevolence will cause hypocrisy and compulsory，Because someone will do not reality in the name of benevolence，Someone will increase the control of others under the banner of benevolence。Take a step back，​​Even if benevolence is sincere，It may also be regarded as a house or gift。The beneficiaries are endured at the same time，Also with an invisible pressure。

　　Tao is enough

Lao Tzu's limitation of benevolence，Instead of advocating "not benevolence"。but the world、The reason why the sage can leave the benevolent，The key is that they have avenue as support。

Tiandi is just the nature of all things，Not tasted 煦，Everything is self -evolved，Open a vibrant world。According to "Zhuangzi · Tianyun"，Digo is a dog made of grass，Used to sacrifice，Abandoning after the sacrifice，There is a paper horse for rural funerals at that time。"Dogs" Meeting everything is successful and destroyed;，What to do，Unnecessary increase in complexity。

Holy people imitate the heaven and earth，Wei Dao is from，Non -Ren Yixing，More non -Renyi。Implement this to the level of social governance，No need to draw a benevolence，No need to intervene，and only need to imitate the natural way of the world，Reduce the intervention of the people (whether it is malicious or goodwill)。"The sage is always unintentional，Take the heart of the people as the heart。"" "The autonomy of the people should respect the people's autonomy，and create a social environment bet365 best casino games for the people，Then "the natural thing is natural and dare not do"，The people can self -righteousness、self -rich。Wang Bo cleverly pointed out: "The world is not benevolent、The sage is not benevolent，Non -desire to poison the people of all things also，Life is also achieved。The Ren of the Gettais、The benevolence of the sage or the natural vitality of the people of all things，‘Zhengfu is surprising，Good Fu as a demon '，This Lao Tzu worried。”

"Not benevolence" is just on the surface without the heart of love，It seems that you do not draw happiness for the people，Actually it is to create a great environment，Let the people do their best，Each is suitable，Details each，This is the real idea of ​​the people。"Zhuangzi · Qiu Shui": "It is the trip to the reason，Not hurting people，Not more benevolent。"to deal with the relationship between monarchy and even general relationships，The most important thing is to eliminate your own control possession，Do not hurt，Do not invade。Do this，Most problems will not arise，I don’t need to be benevolent。

Application of "Lao Tzu" Chapter 38 "Shangdebi，is a way of saying with virtue，We can say: The sage is not benevolent，Is with benevolence。This "benevolent" is Da Ren、Zhiren。"Not benevolence" is its appearance，"Great Ren" is its essence，This is "Zhuangzi · Qiwu theory" "Da Renbi"。"Great Ren" is the "morality" in the sense of Taoism，It can solve the problem that the benevolent cannot solve。

　　"Non -benevolent" is a transcendence of benevolence and no benevolence

"Not benevolence" is not the opposite of the principle of benevolence -not righteous。Lao Tzu has been criticizing the tyranny of "No Tao", "Non -Tao" and "No Tao"，Also compassionate the world's mind and confusion。"Lao Tzu" Chapter 51 is "born but not，For not，Long instead of slaughter "，How can this Xuande be unrequited? Chapter 9 "Gong Sui retreat，Tao of Heaven "，Chapter 77 "The Way of Heaven，Damaged and insufficient "，The last chapter "The Way bet365 best casino games of Heaven，Not harmful "，Is this heavenly be unrestrained? Is "Futian" and "matching the sky" encouraged the people of the world to be uninteresting?，Benevolence and not，Nothing!

I think，The reason why Lao Tzu advocates "not benevolence"，It is required to surpass Renyi，Tour "morality"。According to "Lao Tzu" Chapter 18 "Avenue Waste，There is benevolence "，Chapter 38 "Lost the way and then virtue，Lost virtue and then benevolent，Loss of benevolence and then righteousness，Lost and then gift "，It can be known that Renyi is the product of the lack of "morality"，Therefore, it is not the highest morality in the highest sense。Perseverance of Reliance Ritual，It's just a small kernel; Lao Tzu is the opposite，His advocates "morality" from benevolence。The fundamental reason for the abandonment of the peer is，The level of benevolence is a bit lower，and persistent in Renyi will produce many disadvantages。Lao Tzu does oppose Renyi，But opposing benevolence is not immoral、Anti -moral。Just the opposite，The entire Tao Te Ching is talking about "morality"。From Lao Tzu，The real morality is "ingenu"，It's like heaven and earth born，Such as "Dao Yin Anonymous", "Good Ruke", "Light", "Not Seeing (present) Xian", etc.。"Morality" does not even know that there is virtue，It's like heaven and earth born，But I do not know that I have a biological virtue。So，From benevolence to "morality"，It can be said that it has jumped from ethical realm to heaven and earth realm，After experiencing intentions to be unintentional、Moral behavior changes from conscious to subconscious work journey。Heaven and Earth is an unintentional saint，The sage is the world of heart。If you want to reach this kind of unknown world,，How much restrained workers need to be under self，It is conceivable。

Benevolence instead of Tao has a husband，Those who have no way but not benevolent also。With the bet365 live casino games highest "morality (the great benevolence of benevolence)"，Benevolence can also be available。"Not benevolence" is the supreme realm of cultivation，People are equivalent to not benevolence，Failure to read the connotation behind it，Failure to grasp the unique righteous suspension of Taoism。

　　(This article is the "Possible" Lao Tzu "in the later period of the National Social Science Foundation -Text Evidence and Thought Detective (Taoism)" (16FZX004) phase results)

(Author Unit: School of Humanities Communication of Hainan University)