In the academic world, there has been a viewpoint that has been regarded as the theoretical thinking of Engeldialektik as the theoretical thinking，This is very visible。but but，What is the so -called theoretical thinking of Engels? Why does Engels understand dialectical dialectics as theoretical thinking?，Instead, it is related to how to understand the substantial question of the natural dialectics of Engels，It is also an unavoidable and significant theoretical problem in Marxist philosophy research。

Although Engels did not give a clear definition of theoretical thinking，But according to his prompts and instructions made by the theoretical thinking in the manuscript of the "Dialectics of Nature"，We can still determine the basic meaning of his so -called theoretical thinking。Engels pointed out that natural sciences (also known by Engels called experience) have accumulated a lot of empirical materials，When you need to be systematically located in every research field、and sorting these materials according to its internal connection，The method of experience is not applicable，"Only the theoretical thinking here is used"。Obviously，Theoretical thinking is a higher level than experience method，That is, a method of thinking about systematic finishing the materials accumulated in various fields based on the internal connection。Adapt to the theoretical thinking of this method of thinking，Engels further pointed out: "The theoretical bet365 live casino games thinking is nothing more than a talent for talent。"" But，This can only require development and training。He especially pointed out，This talent can only be obtained by learning the history of previous philosophy。This can be seen，The theoretical thinking at this time is understood as philosophical thinking。but but，From Engels,，Whether it is the theoretical thinking of a way of thinking，It is still a kind of potential ability as a man and the philosophical thinking that needs to be cultivated by learning the history of previous philosophy，They are also products of the times at the same time。So he said: "The theoretical thinking of each era，Including theoretical thinking of our era，It is a product of history ... Science of thinking，Also like other sciences，Is a historical science，is the science of the historical development of people's thinking。"" This indicates，Theoretical thinking is historic，Is a historical thinking。About this，You can also obtain evidence from Engels in the description of the history of modern natural science in the manuscript of "Natural Dialectics"。

Based on the above discussion，We can define the theoretical thinking in this way: first，Theoretical thinking is another way of thinking that is different from and higher than experience thinking，It is a common to the world、Essential、Law understanding、Explanation and grasp。Second，Theoretical thinking as a thinking that needs to be obtained by learning the history of previous philosophy，In fact, it is a philosophical or dialectical thinking。third，Theoretical thinking as a philosophical thinking is the product of a certain historical era，It is a historical thinking。Brief words，Theoretical thinking bet365 best casino games is a conceptual、Dialectical、Philosophical thinking of history。No doubt，Engels’s natural dialectics is such a theoretical thinking。

When Engels takes natural dialectics as a theoretical thinking to understand，In fact, some of the theoretical intentions of his research on natural dialectics: both oppose the ideological starting point of the idealism of the natural philosophy since Hegel (including Du Lin's natural dialectics) and arbitrarily fabricate the system，Also opposed to the narrow empiricalism that plays a considerable role in natural research or natural science (especially Bishina、Fogg for its representative)。From Engels,，Natural research in modern times or natural science is a complete revolution。but，When he studies natural science from the perspective of dialectics，However, there are two aspects of concerns: on the one hand，Due to the natural philosophy of speculative (adherence to a conservative natural concept), it is still very profound and widely influenced by the natural scientist at the time，imprisonment and restraint their minds，Therefore, there may be a backstration of natural views; on the other hand，Due to the emphasis on empirical research at that time at that time，Guidance of lack of scientific philosophical thinking or dialectical thinking，Therefore, it is very likely to fall into a narrow empiricalism and lose the right direction for yourself。One sentence，Engels worried about natural research or natural sciences that have the risk of losing their own revolution。

It is based on this kind of worry，The critical spearhead of the entire "Dialectics of Nature" directly points to the two objects: the natural philosophy system of speculative Bet365 app download since Hegel (Engels is also called the old natural philosophy)，Try to replace the specific with conceptual speculation、Empirical natural studies;、Fogg's vulgar materialism is a narrow empiricalism represented by the vulgar materialism，Try to make natural research only in the movement of material。Engels emphasizes experience on the one hand、Empirical natural research has the revolutionary meaning，Natural philosophy that opposes speculation; on the other hand，He also emphasizes empirical、Natural research of experience cannot be separated from the guidance of dialectics，So as to oppose the narrow empirical tendencies that may fall into natural research。For the previous object，Engels pointed out its defects in a needle: "Old natural philosophy，Especially in the form of Hegel，With this defect: it does not recognize the development of time in nature，Only recognizes 'side -in'，Only recognizes 'side -in'。""，This philosophy completely separates from the study of natural experience and unconsciously falls into a metaphysical way of thinking;，Due to the starting point of idealism，so that you have become mysterious，"Because various categories are manifested as pre -existence in him，Dialectics in the real world are manifested as simple anti -photos in these categories "。For the latter object，Engels pointed out in a slightly ironic tone: "。German philosophy is abundant in materialism。The control of science has been excluded。Vulgar materialist popularization people rise，Their materialism is said to make up for science's poverty。Advanced in the era when bourgeoisie Germany and official Germany are extremely declining bet365 Play online games -1850-1860。Fogter、Mollehut、Bigner。Mutual insurance。-The new activity caused by Darwinism and being immediately borrowed by these gentlemen。”

but but，Engels is not limited to the criticism of the above two objects。From the positive sense，His emphasis on the importance of dialectics in natural research or natural science，also highlights his final purpose of studying natural dialectics，That is to establish dialectics and the natural view of materialism，And this requires mathematics and natural science knowledge。This indicates，Engels’s natural dialectics always emphasize that natural research must be combined with dialectics，The two must be separated。About this，Lenin has also pointed out in the article "Talking Dialectics"，The essence of dialectics is "the unity is divided into two parts and the understanding of the contradictory part of it"，And further believe that the correctness of this content "must be tested by the history of science"。This is completely consistent with the understanding of the relationship between dialectics and natural sciences with Engels。

Young Marx was aware of the "Social Pioneer" Cologne Daily "No. 179 written in 1842:" Any true philosophy is the spiritual essence of its own time。The call of the era inspired Engels' strong sense of worry and mission，This is mainly manifested in the negative effects and influence of his natural philosophy and narrow empiricism in natural research，Efforts to combine dialectics with natural research，Follow the development of natural science and its revolutionary meaning，Finally established a natural view of materialism and dialectical，to promote the development of human spirit。Because the philosophy of the era of Engels cannot bet365 Play online games meet the needs of the times，So he realized that the urgent need of a new philosophy。On the one hand，For the German nation at the time, he was keen on actual，One after another focused on the great industry and speculation，and narrowing in natural scientific research、Vulgarization tendency，This nation has resolutely abandon the German classical philosophy，As a result, the method of abandoning dialectics with Hegel's philosophy，His tither pointed out: "If a nation wants to stand at the highest peak of science，It is necessary to have no theoretical thinking for a moment。"" On the other hand，For the "shallow thoughts to cater to the mediocre people" and "vulgar patrol missionary materialism" (it shows narrow empiricalism in natural research)，He clearly and boldly emphasized "return from metaphysical thinking to dialectical thinking"。This can be seen，Engels proposed natural dialectics，and emphasize that natural dialectics is a theoretical thinking，Expressing a deep sense of worry，It also expresses a strong mission consciousness。

In short，Engels regards the dialectics of nature as a theoretical thinking to understand and treat，A very obvious feature of this theoretical thinking is between speculation and empirical。Engels understands the dialectics of nature not only reflects Engels a kind of worry about the mental situation of his time，It also reflects his strong mission consciousness that he tries to guide the spirit of the times and shape the spirit of the new era。And this sense of anxiety and mission reflects Engels's unique philosophical feelings and practical care for his time。So，For our era，Understanding and viewing the natural dialectics Bet365 app download of Engels from the perspective of theoretical thinking is not only important theoretical significance，And has the practical significance that cannot be ignored。

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