There has long been a view in academia that treats Engels’ Naturdialektik as theoretical bet365 voucher，This is very insightful。However，What is Engels’ so-called theoretical bet365 voucher？Why did Engels understand the dialectics of nature as theoretical bet365 voucher？These questions are not trivial，But it is related to the substantive issue of how to understand Engels’ Dialectics of Nature，It is also an unavoidable and significant theoretical issue in the study of Marxist philosophy。

Although Engels did not give a clear definition of theoretical bet365 voucher，But according to some tips and explanations on theoretical bet365 voucher he made in the manuscript of "Dialectics of Nature"，We can still determine the basic meaning of his so-called theoretical bet365 voucher。Engels pointed out that natural science (also called empirical natural study by Engels) has accumulated a large amount of empirical material，When it is necessary to systematically in each field of research、When organizing these materials according to their internal relationships，The empirical method is not applicable，And "Only theoretical bet365 voucher works here"。Obviously，Theoretical bet365 voucher is a higher level method than empirical methods，That is, a bet365 voucher method that systematically organizes the materials accumulated in various fields of empirical natural research based on internal connections。Adapted to this theoretical bet365 voucher as a bet365 voucher method，Engels further pointed out: “Theoretical bet365 voucher is nothing more than an inborn quality in terms of talent。”But，This talent needs to be developed and cultivated。He specifically pointed out，This talent can only be obtained by studying the history of past philosophy。It can be seen from this，Theoretical bet365 voucher at this time is understood as philosophical bet365 voucher。However，In Engels’ view，Whether it is theoretical bet365 voucher as a way of bet365 voucher，It is also a kind of innate potential ability of human beings and philosophical bet365 voucher that needs to be cultivated by studying the history of previous philosophy，They are also products of the times。So he said: "Theoretical bet365 voucher in every era，Including theoretical bet365 voucher of our time，It is all a product of history...the science of bet365 voucher，Like every other science，It is a historical science，It is the science about the historical development of human bet365 voucher。”This shows，Theoretical bet365 voucher is historical，It is a kind of historical bet365 voucher。About this，You can also get evidence from Engels's description of the history of the development of modern natural science in the manuscript of "Dialectics of Nature"。

Based on the above discussion，We can define theoretical bet365 voucher in this way: first，Theoretical bet365 voucher is another way of bet365 voucher that is different from and higher than empirical bet365 voucher，It is universal to the world、Essential、Understanding of rules、Explanation and Grasp。Second，Theoretical bet365 voucher is a kind of bet365 voucher that needs to be obtained by studying the history of previous philosophy，In fact, it is a kind of philosophical or dialectical bet365 voucher。Third，Theoretical bet365 voucher, as a kind of philosophical bet365 voucher, is the product of a certain historical era，It is a kind of historical bet365 voucher。In short，Theoretical bet365 voucher is conceptual、Dialectical、Historical philosophical bet365 voucher。Without a doubt，Engels’ Dialectics of Nature is such a theoretical bet365 voucher。

When Engels understood the dialectics of nature as a kind of theoretical bet365 voucher，In fact, it has partially revealed his theoretical intention to study the dialectics of nature: he is opposed to the idealistic starting point of speculative natural philosophy since Hegel (including Dühring's dialectics of nature) and the practice of arbitrarily fabricating systems regardless of the facts，Also opposed to the narrow empiricism that plays a considerable role in natural research or natural science (especially Büchner、Represented by Vogt)。In Engels’ view，Modern natural research or natural science is completely revolutionary。But，When he studied natural science from the perspective of dialectics，There are two concerns: on the one hand，Because speculative natural philosophy (adhering to a conservative view of nature) still had a profound and extensive influence on the natural scientists of the time，Confining and binding their minds，Therefore there may be a regression in the view of nature；On the other hand，Because the natural sciences at that time emphasized empirical research，Lack of scientific philosophical bet365 voucher or dialectical bet365 voucher guidance，Therefore, it is very likely that you will fall into narrow empiricism and lose yourself in the right direction。One sentence，Engels was worried that natural research or natural science was at risk of losing its radical revolutionary character。

It is precisely based on this concern，The criticism of the entire "Dialectics of Nature" manuscript is directed at two objects: the speculative natural philosophy system since Hegel (Engels also called it the old natural philosophy)，Trying to replace concrete with conceptual speculation、Empirical natural research；Ebichna、Narrow empiricism represented by Vogt’s vulgar materialism，Trying to reduce the study of nature only to the movement of matter。On the one hand, Engels emphasized experience、The revolutionary significance of empirical natural research，Thereby opposing speculative natural philosophy；On the other hand，He also emphasized empirical evidence、The empirical study of nature cannot be separated from the guidance of dialectics，Thus opposing the narrow empiricist tendency that natural research may fall into。For the previous object，Engels pointed out its flaws sharply: "Old natural philosophy，especially in the Hegelian form，Has the flaw: it does not recognize the development of nature in time，Does not recognize ‘sequence’，Only recognize ‘tied’。”Visible，This philosophy is completely divorced from the empirical study of nature and unconsciously falls into a metaphysical way of bet365 voucher；Even the Hegelian dialectic that is partially divorced from the metaphysical way of bet365 voucher，Due to its idealistic starting point，Thereby making oneself mysterious，“For the categories appear to him as pre-existing things，The dialectics of the real world appears as a mere reflection of these categories”。For the latter object，Engels pointed out in a slightly sarcastic tone unceremoniously: "The emergence of this faction。German philosophy dissolves into materialism。Control over science eliminated。Vulgar materialist popularizers are rising in droves，Their materialism is said to compensate for the lack of science。Prevalent in bourgeois Germany and the era of extreme decline of official German science - 1850-1860。Vogt、Moleshot、Buchner。Mutual insurance。—the new activity caused by Darwinism becoming fashionable and immediately borrowed by these gentlemen。”

However，Engels did not limit his criticism to the above two objects。Looking at it in a positive sense，He emphasized the importance of dialectics in bet365 voucher studies or bet365 voucher sciences，Also highlights his ultimate goal of studying the dialectics of nature，That is to establish a dialectical and materialistic view of nature，And this requires knowledge of mathematics and bet365 voucher science。This shows，Engels’ Dialectics of Nature always emphasizes that bet365 voucher research should be combined with dialectics，The two are inseparable for a moment。About this，Lenin also pointed out in the article "Talk about Dialectics"，The essence of dialectics is "the division of a unified object into two parts and the understanding of its contradictory parts"，And further believes that the correctness of this aspect "must be tested by the history of science"。This is completely consistent with Engels’s understanding of the relationship between dialectics and bet365 voucher science。

The young Marx realized as early as 1842 in the "Editorial of Cologne Daily News No. 179": "Any true philosophy is the spiritual essence of its own time。”The call of the times inspired Engels’ strong sense of urgency and mission，This is mainly reflected in his negative role and influence against speculative natural philosophy and narrow empiricism in natural research，Strives to combine dialectics with the study of nature，Pay attention to the development of natural science and its revolutionary significance，Finally establish a materialistic and dialectical view of nature，Thus promoting the development of human spirit。Because the philosophy of Engels’ time could not meet the needs of the times，So he realized the urgent need for a new philosophy。On the one hand，In view of the fact that the German nation at that time was keen on practicality，Focus on big industry and speculation，And the narrowing of natural science research、Vulgar tendencies，The nation resolutely abandoned the German classical philosophy that was in trouble among the old Hegelians，As a result, dialectics and Hegelian philosophy were finally abandoned together，He pointed out tit for tat: “A nation must stand at the highest peak of science，You can’t live without theoretical bet365 voucher for a moment。”On the other hand，Aimed at the "shallow bet365 voucher that caters to vulgar people" and the "materialism of vulgar itinerant preachers" (which manifests itself as narrow empiricism in natural research)，He clearly and boldly emphasized “the return from metaphysical bet365 voucher to dialectical bet365 voucher”。It can be seen from this，Engels proposed the dialectics of nature，And emphasize that natural dialectics is a kind of theoretical bet365 voucher，It expresses a profound sense of urgency，Also expresses a strong sense of mission。

In short，Engels understood and treated the dialectics of nature as a kind of theoretical bet365 voucher，A very obvious feature of this kind of theoretical bet365 voucher is that it is between speculation and demonstration。Engels’s understanding of the dialectics of nature reflects Engels’s concern about the spiritual state of his time，It also reflects his strong sense of mission in trying to guide the spirit of the times and shape the new spirit of the times。This sense of urgency and mission reflects Engels’ unique philosophical feelings and realistic concerns for the era in which he lived。Therefore，For our time，Understanding and viewing Engels’ Dialectics of Nature from the perspective of theoretical bet365 voucher not only still has important theoretical significance，And it has practical significance that cannot be ignored。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, Hunan University、School of Social Development and Management, Hunan Women's University；Yuelu Academy of Hunan University)