Color pottery relics were discovered during the survey of Swedish scholar Antesheng in 1921，It has been nearly a century to this day。Color pottery legacy has a very special status in the history of Chinese archeology，It accompanied the birth and development of the entire Chinese archeology，It is important for the study of prehistoric culture and even the origin of civilization。

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Color pottery legacy revealed the prelude to the archeology of the Neolithic Times of China，It is one of the earliest Chinese prehistoric archeological cultural relics。Chinese archeology is based on historical materialism，Study the science of ancient material relics and reveals the laws of historical evolution。It has a deep origin with the tradition of tradition and development since the ancient Chinese golden stone records and the development of Jinshi since the Northern Song Dynasty，Absorbing the excellent results of Jinshi research。

Anderson is a famous geologist in Sweden，Before coming to China，It is already well -known for international。At that time，The Chinese government needs him to find coal and iron ore，And he also has a strong interest in ancient Chinese culture。During the process of going to Henan many times to find paleontic fossils and stone tools，He accidentally discovered the phenomenon of coexistence between the stone artifacts and color pottery slices of Yangshao Village，Very puzzled。Later，He learned that there are similar phenomena in the Anno site in Central Asia，Pay attention to such sites，and went to Yangshao Village in October 1921 for formal excavation。

This excavation has a clear academic motivation，In the excavation method，I used a more scientific method at that time。The most important thing is，The relics and related understanding of its income，A variety of academic topics of archeology in the Neolithic Times of China，Freshly through the development of the entire Chinese archeology。Bet365 lotto review Therefore，Some scholars regard it as the beginning of Chinese archeology。

　Color pottery and stratigraphy

　　Archaeological stratigraphy is also called "layer learning"，Drawing on the concept of self -geology，is the basic method for obtaining archeological data。It distinguishes the accumulation of the ruins and determines its order of order，It is considered that the site is made from different levels and gradually accumulated from morning to night，instead of irregular、The messy。We only reveal these accumulation in order from late to early order，can you understand the ruins related to it、The relative morning and evening relationship of the relics，According to the reconstruction of the life of the ancient humans in various periods。

The development of strata learning has experienced an important change，The development of the excavation method from the horizontal layer to the cultural layer excavation method，This also marks the turning point of modern Chinese archeology。and this turning point，It started from the excavation of Yinxu led by Liang Siyong，It is inseparable from color pottery。

Liang Siyong obtained undergraduate and master's degree in the United States，Study at the undergraduate stage is archeology，It is the first person to choose modern archeology (field archeology) among Chinese students。He received formal training of modern archeology，Digestion of the site of Indian cultural sites in the western United States and the site of Xiyin Village, Xixia County, Shanxia County, China。Liang Siyong, who returned to China in 1930，In the excavation of the Henan Anyang Hougang Site hosted the following year,，Discarding the excavation method of the horizontal level of people in the past，opened a new history with the cultural layer as the excavation unit。

In the excavation work of the post -job site，Liang Siyong according to the characteristics of the relics，Put several different natural strata into the three major cultural layers，It means that it contains three different cultures of relics。He wrote in "The Inspection of the post": "The upper layer contains the relics bet365 live casino games of the white pottery culture (ie Xiaotun culture); Including the relics of colorful pottery culture (that is, Yangshao culture)。"Although it is only a few words，But with the previous excavations, the method of dividing several different natural strata into a large layer of one meter -unit，There is a good difference。

This method of dividing the ground layer according to soil quality，It means that people exclude those phenomena of those unrelated macro in the "complicated accumulation state，summarizes the regular human culture buried situation "。Those seemingly irrelevant colorful pottery relics are distinguished with important relics such as black pottery and white pottery，Humanity of the complicated complicated accumulation level。So far，Chinese strata has entered a new era。

　　Color pottery and type learning

Types, also known as "standard science" or "morphology"，Dreditable from the theory of biopsy about the theory of biochemical classification，is the most basic methodology of archeological research。It classified by studying the external form of archeological relics、The logical sequence of changes，Determine the relative age of the relics，Establish a relative age sequence of the site，Compare the types of different cultural relics，You can also determine the inheritance or relationship between culture，Establish archeological cultural spectrum。Types to classify archaeological materials and systematic，is a basic means of archeological research。

Mention type learning，The first thing people think of is Su Bingqi，It is his tile research，marks the maturity of Chinese types。but，Since the Swedish Montelis summarizes the theory of type learning theory，Its first system applied to China's archeological practice，It starts from color pottery。

In early work，We can see，Antonian uses type learning principles，Correct division of the instrumental class，For pottery including colorful pottery，According to its quality、Color and decoration made analysis，and compare the analysis of the Yangshao Pottery with Anno and Tripo Liecai Potal Pottery，Try to explain the west of the Chinese Bet365 lotto review color pottery。Swedish archeologist Alna made a special type of classification for Yangshao Pottery，Press the shape、material、Fire、Color、decoration、Decoration and other items，Described and analyzed，I also made a more detailed comparison with the color pottery in other parts of the world in other parts of the world。Li Ji also uses the principle of type learning，Analysis of pottery slices unearthed from Xiyin Village，Based on this, compared the similarities and differences between Xiyin Village and Yangshao and the prehistoric culture in the Northwest region。

Liang Siyong returned to China after finishing the undergraduate study，It took a year to organize the unearthed materials of Xiyin Village，Most of these materials are crushed pottery slices including colored pottery，and wrote an article "The Pottery of the Neolithic Site in the History of Shanxi Xiyin Village" in English。In his classification statistics of pottery slices，First of all, the two categories of "colorless pottery" and "color pottery" are counted，and from tens of thousands of pottery slices，Selected "1356 Pottery Tablets" for deeper classification research。He found that 1349 blocks are monoto pottery，Color is black、red and white; the remaining 7 pieces are colorful pottery，Color combination is red, black, yellow and black。For these colorful pottery，He still uses the list of lists，Calculated according to the colors and patterns。

Liang Siyong from the types of classification of these ceramic slices，I got a very specific and intuitive understanding of Xiyin Village colorful pottery，Although there is a lack of relevant basis for stratigraphy，But his classification principle is quite accurate，so that we are still using it now。The basis of type learning is to recognize changes and the regularity of this change。Before the study of tile，Early scholars' exploration of Chinese types with color pottery，Step fell but precious。

　　Color pottery and the origin of Chinese culture and civilization

Culture and civilization，It is a topic of enduring since the birth of modern bet365 Play online games humanities，Exploration of the cultural origin of China，It starts from the color pottery。1920s，while revitalizing China、while revitalizing China，Also reflection，Why are the ancient civilizations of thousands of years behind? Is Chinese and Western culture excellent or bad?。

In terms of archeology，The first thing to express this problem is Antosheng。The color pottery unearthed from Yangshao Village is compared with the color pottery in Central Asia，and solicit opinions from Western archeologists，Putting on Chinese culture in the west of Chinese culture。He regards colorful pottery as a prominent feature of Chinese prehistoric culture，Think in the Neolithic era，Advanced agricultural culture from the West in the form of colorful pottery is introduced into China，and become part of Chinese prehistoric culture。This statement is based on the actual pottery real object，Coupled with Anton's special academic status，quite popular at the time。

But for this statement，Chinese scholars always hold a cautious attitude。From an academic perspective，Comparison of Chinese and foreign colorful pottery decorations，It is said that ancient Chinese culture came from the West，Not convinced。From an emotional perspective，Say that China's bright and long history and culture originated from the West，It is also unacceptable。Between the Yangshao relics discovered by Anteson and the Shang Dynasty relics discovered in Anyang，Indeed, there is a loop。Therefore，To prove their respective views，Ante Sheng's path to the westward search for color pottery communication，Chinese scholars pursue the source of business civilization east。

In this context，People have discovered Longshan Culture。This ancient culture has caused great interest in Chinese scholars。Because it is very different from the known Yangshao culture，Black pottery and bone bone with obvious production technology，Show its close connection with Yin Shang culture，This is the unspeakable of color pottery culture。but，囿 In the existing academic framework and the time of the war, it bet365 live casino games is impossible to carry out main objective factors such as large -scale field activities，Although the two stratigraphy relationships were found at the time at the time，But people did not get the right understanding of the relationship between Yangshao culture and Longshan culture。The two are regarded as the two major cultures that confront and east -west in the same period，They have their own origin and intersect in Henan，Chinese prehistoric Yangshao -Longshan Culture Binary Theory is formed。

After 1949，With the construction of large -scale infrastructure，Many archeological sites have emerged。In the territory of Shaanxi County, Henan，Very close to Yangshao Village, Shechi County，Discovered the second phase of the temple lening gap。The pottery is the same as the Yangshao culture，Popular handmade，It has not reached the condition of the rotation of Longshan culture，A certain number of colorful pottery shows its close connection with Yangshao's tradition。At the same time，A large number of pottery slices similar to eggshell pottery，斝、Ding、Beans and other pottery buds，Open the pioneer of the typical pottery of Longshan Culture，The entire culture shows a strong transition style。

More importantly，It is also found here that Yangshao -Temple Digou Phase II -The Scientific Stranger of Continuous Development of Longshan，It proves that the Central Plains region has passed by Yangshao in ancient times、Longshan until Yin Zhou's continuous cultural tradition，The Central Plains Center of Chinese Civilization has formed。

With a lot of discovery of archeological relics across the country，interaction circle of the origin of Chinese civilization、Full Tianxing Dou said、Dental petal flower said, etc.。In recent years，Some scholars propose the relevant concepts of the temple ditch era，And believes that the three levels of cultural communities of this period have opened the precedent of early Chinese civilization，Analysis of colorful pottery is an important content of this。In these three levels，The core areas of the Southwest Henan and the Bet365 lotto review central and eastern part of the Guanzhe have a typical smooth petal pattern color pottery，The petal pattern in the main area of ​​the middle of the Yellow River in the middle of the Yellow River is slightly immature and delayed，The lower reaches of the Yellow River outside、The edge areas such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the northeast areas such as the petal pattern decoration of variants。

time to this day，The unique connotation represented by colorful pottery relics and its exploration of its important role in the origin of Chinese culture and civilization，Still continuing to deepen。

(Author Unit: Department of Archeology, the School of History of Renmin University of China)