The Yuan Dynasty Political Letter and Yuan Dianzhang preserved a large number of official documents，The Yuan Dynasty official documents in Heishui City also have a lot of retaining。These are all provided adequate information for us to interpret the various types of official documents of the Yuan Dynasty。other，Appendix of Wenji in the Yuan Dynasty、The Ming Dynasty Fang Zhi and genealogical genealogy also included a lot of Yuan Dynasty official documents，Although these documents are just official documents，But still has irreplaceable value for our inspection of the official document system of the Yuan Dynasty。Today, the officials of the Yuan Dynasty were divided into documents as an example，Swipe combing。

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　　Discovery and Studies of Xuanyi Documents

The division documents of officials of the Yuan Dynasty mainly include Xuanming and 敕 牒。"Yuan History · Election Chronicle 3 · Law of the Law" stated: The law of the relocation official "from six to nine products is awarded，Zhanshuo's Office。From one product to five products as a Protection，Then use the fate "。I know，Xuanfu of the Yuan Dynasty was awarded to one to five grade officials，敕 will be awarded to officials from Liupin to Jiupin。What exactly does the Yuan Dynasty Xuanming and the 牒 牒，It has not attracted the attention of the academic community for a long time。

A hundred volumes of the "Linchuan Wuwen Masao Collection" in the Mansion of the Ministry of Hall in the Palace Hall in Japan Institute, "The Grand Yuan Dynasties in the Grand Public Public Propaganda in the" Da Yuan Tingu Lingchuan Wu Wenzheng Public Propaganda，Among them、Divided by Bet365 lotto review Xuanming Four Pass，Division of the three links，Show the asana of the Yuan Dynasty's presence and 敕 牒。Earlier discovered this information was Japanese scholar Katnote Kataro，He published "New Information of Basba Books" ("Toyo Literature Cong"，Er Xuanshe 1969 edition)。These historical materials are published in the text，Research and discuss it as a typical historical data of Basba。

Zhang Fan's "Research on the Yuan Dynasty's System" (Volume 10 of the Studies of Chinese Studies) quoted this batch of historical materials，To study the Xuanzheng (system) system of the Yuan Dynasty，Pointing out that the fate is "the first words are‘ heaven family life，The Emperor's Emperor's Orders' ‘，At the end of the year and the year of the year, "。敕 牒 牒 牒 牒 ‘‘ Emperor ’s Emperor’ s Decree，Zhongshu Province ‘，At the end of the year, the provincial seal，Then the Minister of Jagging the Chinese Book Province from low to high，Guizhi Political Affairs、Left、Right、Pingzhang Political Affairs、Left Prime Minister、Right Prime Minister，Until the name of the name of the Name，Sailing in order "。Then, according to this, the officials are awarded the four pass、敕 牒 Three Connect "All Directs to Teach someone，without 诰 "。"Xuan Ming" "Xuan Ming" is promulgated in the form of Mongolian literal translation，Emphasized from the ancestor Kubili to the middle of the Yuan Dynasty，Government Xuan Xuan "no longer includes the essay of Pai Bidu Syrian，Instead of writing a person to teach someone with a certain position "，Therefore, "Most of the Xuanzheng documents in the Yuan Dynasty no longer include targeted life text，This is also a major feature that is different from the previous generation system "，In fact, it briefly examines the asana of Xuanming and 敕 牒。

Li Zhi'an all published these historical materials，and conducted a special Bet365 lotto review research ("Initial Investigation of Yuanwu Cheng Bazhiba Xuanyi Document"，The 14th Series of "Yuan Shi Cong")。He first carried out the Latin writing of these batch of Baziba Xuanji documents，Personal point，and comment on several of them，Then discussed the Yuan Dynasty high、Intermediate official division system，Emphasized the appointment system of officials in the Yuan Dynasty "in form、A large amount of Tang was absorbed on the content、The Rules of Xuanji of Gold and Song "。At the same time, a lot of changes have occurred: the Yuan Dynasty Xuanzheng no longer has a scripture; there are Yuan Dynasty government affairs office represented by the governance of the Chinese book group; Surname (Han) or name (non -Han)，Pingzhang and Left and Right Prime Minister only bet on the characters without the surname (name);，Hanshu Note，Therefore, the Mongolian policy tendency。other，He also discussed the attitude of Wu Cheng's attitude towards the Yuan Dynasty and the Baza Mongolian word。

A Feng and others found "Yuan Gao Yingyi Mansion's Jun Town Fun" in Longqing's "The Golden Clan Genealogy" of Longqing (A Feng、Zhang Guowang's "Analysis of Song Yuanming Gong Document Reception of Huixi Golden Clan Genealogy" "，"Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences" Episode 9，Business Press 2015 edition)。This document is undoubtedly appointed，Time is the four years of Yuan (1338)。Obviously this one except Xuan Ming and "Linchuan Wuwen Masao Collection".，It is completely consistent with the specific form and terms。We will compare the above announcement，Refidurant of the Yuan Dynasty divided into Xuanming as follows:

The Emperor of the Emperor of the Heavenly Life: a certain position。It should be allowed to allow this。Nianyuebao Day。

Based on Wu Chengwen's collection，The author examines the "Re -granted Zheng An Yinyin County" in the "Jimei Record" in the Ming Dynasty，Through Bet365 app download comparison，Examination of the pattern of the Yuan Dynasty、Formulation and use ("Initial Exploration of the Yuan Dynasty" received by "Jimei Record"，"Sui, Tang, Liao, Song, Song and Yuan History Cong" 9th)，Restarting out of the Yuan Dynasty to teach the body as follows:

In the Emperor's imperial decree, Zhongshu Province:

敕, can be awarded a certain official. I went to Ji Zhi, so I was 敕.

One year and a month.

Officials of China Book Provincial Officials jointly signed a title, name,

Painting.

From the perspective of these 敕 body styles，Chu Chuyu directly inherited the Jin Dynasty，Three years to Yuan，More 敕 敕，Form the basic pattern of the Yuan Dynasty。After promulgation of Bazaba，敕 牒 "Mongolian Word Book、A copy of Chinese characters "。"Repeat Zheng An Yin Yin County" recorded in "Jimei Record" is a copy of Chinese copy。Different from Song Jinzheng，The first saying of the "Emperor's Emperor" in the Yuan Dynasty，The text is also more concise and clear。Division of the Yuan Dynasty is widely used for the division of the officials of six to nine -grade officials。Existing information display，Secretary Supervisor、The leaders of the officers and the division of the official government of the road are all used。Midsday and late stages，敕 牒 became a place for national governance、Tools for rewarding military merits，Even entering the market to lift the urgency of granting officials，This leads to disorders of the bureaucratic system。

■ "Wuyuan Tongchuan Yu Family Genealogy" is included in the author of "Make up the public in Zhejiang's Luzhou Road in Zhejiang"

　　Discovery and Research of Zha Fu and Fu Different Documents

Zhafu does not exist only as a moving document，There are also some paids as dividing documents。We discovered "Yuan Gao Jin's Golden Clan Genealogy" in Minglong Qingben "Yuan Gao Zhenyi Mansion Junzhizhong"，Then in "Jimei Record", he found that "Give Zheng An Yin Yin County Zhafu" and bet365 best casino games "Give Zheng Yan Wuyuan County Taibaidu Inspection Pay"，Hongzhi's "Xiu Ning County Chronicle" found "Contracting Chenglong Xiu Ning County Wei Zha Fu"。Discovery after comparison，In the early and middle and late stages of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a slight change in the type of Zhafu，But it's relatively simple。In the middle and late stages of the Yuan and late stages, the body type can be restored as follows:

Emperor's imperial decree,

A certain division: According to a certain incident, it is planned today

(Bao) charge a certain position. Except for something, what is

There are Zhafu (licenses), which must be discussed.

Youza Fu Mou.

Nianyue Day

The division of the Yuan Dynasty is directly derived from the gold system，It has been used as early as the period before Mongolia.。It issues an agency except Chinese books and provinces，Privy Courtyard、Systems use the envoys、Six parts、Xuanhui Yuan、Huizhengyuan (Zhan Institute)、Tai Hospital、Xuanzhengyuan、Tongzhengyuan and some craftsmen bureau，Local institutions include provinces、Xuanwu Division、Road、State County, etc.，There are also Marshal Marshal Mansion of Xuanwa、Wanhufu and some specialist agencies and the Wang Fufu。The recipients of Zhafu are mostly a thousand households among the officers，Each health office hundred households、Always、Learn from Zhenfu Institute、Water Drought、Both Items，Scholar、Warehouse、Board、Qiangu、Tax、Water Drought、Station Officer、Miscellaneous officials such as monks and officials and senior officials。

Pay body，"To give it a text also"，It is a class of documents appointed by officials，It has many specific physical existence in the Blackwater City document。Li Yiyou proposed when sorting out these Chinese documents，"The certificate issued by the appointed official，Li Yiyou proposed when sorting out these Chinese documents，Cover with official Bet365 app download seals and seal。At the beginning, the ‘Emperor’ s Emperor ’’ s decree ”shows the charm，The text is all written ‘All payments，Must be negotiated to give it to，Another two -character writing ‘Right Fu Moumou accurately’ s this ’，Reactions to the word ‘pay’:，Refer to the year -to -year writing year with imitation Song style，and stamped with official seals or seal。"(" The Yuan Dynasty's Documents and Archives System -Reefined in the Yuan Dynasty Document of Black City, Inner Mongolia Ejin Banner "，"Archives Research" 1991, No. 4)

Du Lihui further inspected this batch of documents ("The" Book of Body Books in the Yuan Dynasty "，"Research on local administrative operation of the Yuan Dynasty"，Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 2020 Edition)，Three related documents in the Blackwater City Literature，There are two originals for the original document for the Yuan Dynasty，There is a relevant document for the Yuan Dynasty。His predecessors should be a kind of "paying" should be given by the official，Voucher for the appointment of officials、Appointment letters or official documents such as appointment，and sorted out the source flow of "paying"，It is believed that the system of Yuan Dynasty "pay" can be traced back to the Song Dynasty，"And dates back to the fifth generation period"。Institutions that have the right to pay in the Yuan Dynasty，"Involved from the central and local，From administrative to military and other levels，Various departments in different fields "，The granted object "is often issued to the low -level level，Or officials and people who do not have a level "。But according to information，The level of the object granted by the paid body is obviously lower than that of the awarding object of Zhafu，There is a reason to prequel that the paid document is a type of below the Dharma document in the bet365 live casino games Yuan Dynasty，It is mainly suitable for some officials，instead of applied to officials。

I want，We basically restored the officials of the Yuan Dynasty's "Xuanming -敕 — Zhafu — Pay" from the historical materials we saw，It helps us to further and carefully examine the Yuan Dynasty officials' division and selection system。

　(Author Unit: Institute of Ancient History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Peking University)