In Portugal’s most famous epic poem, The Song of the Lusitanians，Siren sings with a heavenly voice，Telling the sailors affectionately: "The rich bet365 kentucky bonus code was born in the East，The entire Pacific region is rich in products，All collected and distributed here，It is a distinguished commercial port famous all over the world。"The sailor, seduced by the song, asked: "What laws are there、Kingdom and customs？”For this question，The Siren in the Portuguese epic cannot answer，Because，She is not familiar with the laws of the ancient bet365 kentucky bonus code dynasty。Questions that the Siren cannot answer，It is also quite unfamiliar to our country’s academic circles。Want to understand the legal culture and political organization of ancient Southeast Asian island kingdoms, including the bet365 kentucky bonus code Dynasty，Need local historical materials in Malay，The answer to the question is hidden in an ancient code from the 16th century - "Undang-undang Melaka"。

"bet365 kentucky bonus code" is the crystallization of traditional Malay legal culture，Originally promulgated at the end of the Malacca Dynasty，Influenced the legal creation of the island kingdoms in Southeast Asia。Portuguese invasion destroyed the Malacca dynasty，But bet365 kentucky bonus code continues to exist，Spread it widely，Kedah in the Malay Archipelago、Pattani、Johor、Aceh、Adopted and absorbed by Brunei and other kingdoms。The "Malacca Code" is the result of the mature development of Malay traditional legal culture，Proof that the Malacca dynasty and many Malay dynasties already had governance methods based on local laws at that time。

　　Overview bet365 kentucky bonus code Code

"bet365 kentucky bonus code" has many copies、Complex title、Diverse sources and other characteristics。The earliest manuscript handed down to this day was written in 1676，Most manuscripts were written in the 19th century，Reflects the interest and attention paid by Western colonists to the collection of local laws in the kingdoms of the Malay Archipelago during this period。Colonial officials represented by Sir Stamford Raffles、Scholars were the first to notice the value of the Malay Code。They collected a large number of codex manuscripts，Indigenous experience as a reference for colonial legislation。The text now known as bet365 kentucky bonus code，Actually a collection of ancient Malay legal provisions。Codices distributed in Britain、France、Germany、Netherlands、Indonesia、In libraries in Malaysia and Singapore，Singaporean scholar Liaw Yock Fang compiled many manuscripts into modern Malay versions。

"Malacca Code" texts have different titles。Some manuscripts are directly titled "Malacca Code"，But the content is not limited to the original provisions of the code itself。Corresponding to it，Although some manuscripts are not titled "Malacca Code"，Instead, they are titled "Malacca Sea Law", "Kingdom Navigation Law", etc.，But the content contains all or part of the provisions of bet365 kentucky bonus code。The latter case has a higher number of transcripts。The reasons for this phenomenon of overlapping titles and contents between manuscripts and the formation of bet365 kentucky bonus code、The acceptance of the code by surrounding kingdoms is related to factors such as transformation。While studying bet365 kentucky bonus code，Do not ignore other manuscripts based solely on their title。bet365 kentucky bonus code has another very common title，i.e. "Legal Code"。Complex and confusing titles，A side explanation of the widespread spread of bet365 kentucky bonus code in the kingdoms of the Malay Archipelago。

"Malacca Codex" manuscripts come from various sources、Various lengths。Early manuscripts were mostly collected from local leaders，This shows that the Code is a practical legal code often cited by grassroots rulers，Rather than a code promulgated by the palace and then shelved。In addition，The kings of the Malay kingdoms also maintained their enthusiasm for this code，Aceh、The sultans of Pahang and other kingdoms have ordered the copying of bet365 kentucky bonus code。Each kingdom based on its own actual needs，Add and delete when copying text。Therefore, there are 40 articles in the manuscript of bet365 kentucky bonus code、66 and 81 and other versions，There are several remaining copies。Most transcripts are 44。Code consists of articles，The content does not have the strict distinctions of modern legal departments。But royal power、Civil life、Business Economics、Contents of the crime and punishment sections，It is still clearly visible in the unified provisions of the code - coincident with the constitution in modern law、Civil Law、Business Law、Criminal Law、Division of Haifa，This shows that the code has the integrity of all laws。Group these plates together，You can get a glimpse of the panoramic view of the Malacca Dynasty。

　　The development of legal culture and the formation of bet365 kentucky bonus code

In some versions of bet365 kentucky bonus code，Explicitly mentions that the code was promulgated by the last Sultan Mahmud Syah (1488-1511) of the Malacca dynasty。However, the emergence of codes is often not the result of one generation。The Malacca dynasty was founded in 1405，The country was destroyed by Portugal in 1511，106th year of Guozuo，Several generations of kings have made important contributions to the construction of the law。The legal culture of Malacca was originally founded when the Malacca Dynasty was established。Malacca before the arrival of the Chinese envoy，Not yet formally established as a country。The first king Parameswara was originally a prince from Palembang, Sumatra。Later Parameswara intended to establish an independent country，Travelled to many places，Finally established in Malacca，Start its reign。The life experience and founding process of the founding king of Malacca established the cultural attributes of the dynasty，That is, the Malacca dynasty can be regarded as the continuation of the Malay Srivijaya dynasty in Sumatra。Therefore，Melaka has been a Malay kingdom since its founding，Laid the foundation of legal culture。The legal code formed during the Malacca dynasty was subject to Islamic law、The influence of foreign laws such as Indian law，The attributes of the Malay culture of the code itself have not changed。

In the process of establishing the country in Parameswara，The Bugis played an important role，A small group of Bugis followed Paramesura and fled in this direction。The Bugis are also called Orang Laut，Is an important seafaring nation。They go fishing in boats to make a living，Sometimes I also become a pirate。Until the arrival of Western colonists，The Bugis are present in large numbers，Also assisted Malacca in resisting the Portuguese invasion。Their sailing habits、Maritime rules affected the legal construction of the Malacca Dynasty，Their maritime culture is integrated into bet365 kentucky bonus code。

The growing prosperity and development of the Malacca port made the establishment of the law more and more important。Sri Maharaja, the third king of Malacca, created exquisite court etiquette and taboos，Four principal ministers were also formulated、The administrative organization system of the Eight Auxiliary Ministers and the Sixteenth Auxiliary Ministers。In order to ensure the supremacy of royal power，Stipulates that the ruler is the head of the kingdom，The honorific title he created for the Sultan is still used today。End of the Dynasty，The law is basically taking shape。The seventh-generation Sultan focuses on the rule of law and governance within the kingdom，Order the prime minister to build observation towers at crossroads and in the center of the city，Send personnel to garrison；It also stipulates that anyone who finds other people’s property and does not return it，Be punished by chopping off the hand；Unable to recover lost property，Must be sent to the observation tower。Therefore，At that time, there was a case of people staying open at night in Malacca、The scene of a peaceful and prosperous age when no one picks up things on the road。During the reign of the last Sultan of Malacca，Malacca continues the glory of the previous dynasty，Prosperous development of port trade，Kingdom laws are in order，bet365 kentucky bonus code was codified。The combination of legislative practice and traditional customs of the dynasty for more than a hundred years，Finally formed bet365 kentucky bonus code。

　　The status and significance bet365 kentucky bonus code code

The "Malacca Code" was produced at the transition between the medieval era and modern times in world history，From the perspective of horizontal regional influence，The creation of the Code influenced the formulation of codes in other Southeast Asian island kingdoms；Viewed from the vertical timeline，The Code inherits the Indian ideological system，Absorb Islamic law，Integration of local customary laws，Influenced the Portuguese、The legislation of the Dutch and other colonists in Malacca and other colonies，Provides a wealth of information for the study of Southeast Asian legal history。As a rare Malay historical text，The "Malacca Code" enriches foreign legal history resources，Help to reveal the legal civilization style of early island countries in Southeast Asia，Connecting the comparison and exchanges of multiple civilizations，Have knowledge of multiple civilizations、The significance of blending and mutual learning。Research on Southeast Asian history before the 16th century mainly relied on ancient Chinese books and observation records of Western colonists。Using the usual concepts of "tributary system" or "mandala system" to describe a regional civilization with far-reaching influence in the Southeast Asian island region，Seems too simple and general。Using bet365 kentucky bonus code as a case study on the legal culture and social system of ancient Southeast Asia，Discover the legal civilization of Southeast Asian island countries，Restore the history and social conditions of the Malacca Dynasty that are easily ignored。

(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 kentucky bonus code, Nanjing University)