"Reform Plan for Party and State Institutions" proposes "Optimization Institution Preparation Resource Allocation"，Clarified the requirements and direction of the establishment of management reform。Preparation Management Reform as the core content of institutional reform，Still in this round of institutional reform is still in an important position。

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After the reform of nine rounds of institutions，my country's preparation and management no longer take streamlined personnel as the core，Instead, the statutory and scientificization of the establishment management is strengthened through the strengthening of responsibility。From the theoretical level，Government functions can be decomposed into functions and responsibilities，Function usually refers to the ability of the government to deal with macro relations，The responsibilities mainly clarify the question of the government's "what should do" and "who should do"，It is part of "real" among the government functions。Responsibilities are the orientation set by the organization，The preparation resources that guarantee the operation of the organization must also be managed and adjusted according to government responsibilities。So，The logical starting point of government responsibilities as the logic of preparation and management reform is the actual requirements。Specifically，The logic of government duties in the preparation of management reform is mainly presented through its inherent attributes。

First，The management attributes of government responsibilities can fit the technical nature of the preparation of management reform。Preparation management itself is a technical work，By preparation of the preparation of resources，Make it have higher efficiency。and government responsibilities have strong management attributes，Be able to clarify which institution bet365 Play online games should be undertaken and the person's required volume。So，Government responsibilities can fit with the establishment of management reform，Play orientation in the allocation of resources。

2，The structural attributes of government responsibilities can fit the layers of preparation of management reform。Preparation Management is through the entire party and state institutional system，Government and departments at different levels have corresponding preparation management issues。and government responsibilities are also contained in vertical government levels and horizontal government departments，This is in line with the hierarchical height of the preparation management，Makes the preparation and configuration of governments at all levels and their departments corresponding to the corresponding responsibilities。

third，The dynamic attributes of government responsibilities can fit the development of management reform。Preparation Management is the management and adjustment of the allocation of resource allocation，It is not static，Instead of developing and changing with the actual needs of government governance。Government responsibilities are not static，Instead, as the development of the economy and society is contained in the dynamic government process。The dynamicity of government responsibilities and the development of preparation and management are exactly in line with the government process，and guide the preparation and management in the direction of scientific development。

　　Definition of responsibilities: The vertical planning of the adjustment and adjustment

The Chinese government presents a five -level system from the central to the grassroots level，Governments at all levels have corresponding responsibilities，Then form a vertical government responsibility system。In the vertical government responsibility system，Governments at all levels have strong "homogeneous" sex in the institutional settings，That is, the institutional system presents the "upper and lower counterparts、Alignment left and right "features，But there are still large differences from the level of responsibility。where，The scope of responsibility of the central government bet365 best casino games is mainly the top -level design of the state governance、Decisions of major economic and social development affairs，and guide and supervise local governments at all levels。Save、The duties of the duties at the two levels of the city are mostly the administrative tasks of the central or higher -level delivery，The overall planning and ecological environment responsible for the economic and social development in the region、Social Security and other affairs operation work，and supervise the lower level government。County and grass -roots governments are mainly responsible for the supply of basic administrative affairs and public services in the region，Ru family registration、Social Security、Compulsory Education、Social Security, etc.。

A relationship between governments at all levels defined by the longitudinal government responsibility system，Clarified the level of responsibility，It also provides pre -conditions for the preparation of management plan。The central preparation management department proposes the overall planning of the compilation and management of the compilation and management of the party and the state，Then issue it according to the administrative level，Governments at all levels will be classified and configured in accordance with the preparation management requirements of the central and superior governments, and the preparation and approval。Because government responsibilities are the orientation of planning，Therefore, the preparation plan must be performed according to the vertical definition of government responsibilities，Only to achieve scientific and effective configuration。In the practice of reform，Governments at different levels of governments are defined according to government responsibilities，Adjustment of different forms of adjustment and management。For example, the "Reform Plan for Party and State Institutions" proposes to "streamline the staff of the central and state organs。... Local party and government organs preparation and streamlined work，From the provinces (autonomous region、Municipality directly under the Central Government) The party Bet365 lotto review committee of the party committee is determined by actual research。County、No streamlined requirements for the two levels of the township "。This is the embodiment of the difference in the duties of vertical government in the preparation and management reform。At the same time，According to vertical government responsibilities，Preparation resources will also be configured in the vertical direction，If the responsibilities of the provincial government are biased towards decision -making，Correspondingly prepared allocations should be streamlined，Improve the efficiency of the preparation and configuration。and the grassroots government mostly execute responsibilities，In the preparation and adjustment。This can be seen，The preparation of the Chinese government is based on the duties of vertical government。

　　Responsibilities Cooperation: Preparation and arrangement of horizontal fusion

outside the vertical government responsibilities，Government responsibilities also present in the horizontal direction。Horizontal government responsibilities are essentially based on institutional departments "division of labor governance"，Set specific institutional departments to complete governance affairs in different fields。Governments at all levels have set up departments that undertake different responsibilities in accordance with the actual requirements of government responsibilities，Ru civil affairs、Public Security、Finance, etc.。One of the key points of the improvement of government governance efficiency is the effective collaboration between departments，Responsibility collaboration is the core element of departmental coordination。Responsibility Cooperation is the element reorganization under existing institutional system，Preparation as the basic elements of the operation of the organization，The integration of its deployment is a reflection of the coordinated responsibility。The so -called horizontal fusion of preparation and deployment，refers to the actual change according to government responsibilities，The preparation of the department for horizontal flow，Reduce Bet365 lotto review the separation or decrease of the division of the department，Strengthen the fusion of preparation。The Reform Plan for the Party and the State Institution clearly states that "the preparation of the staff of the central state organs shall be streamlined in accordance with a ratio of 5%，The recovered preparation is mainly used to strengthen key areas and important work "，This is essentially a horizontal fusion that is prepared and prepared，Its core goal is to jump out of simple "streamlined" thinking，Further realizing responsibilities coordination on the basis of control preparation，The basic role of highlighting the deployment of responsibilities。

At the local level，This kind of coordinated duties -oriented preparation of horizontal deployment is more prominent。After the reform of administrative law enforcement，According to changes in specific responsibilities，Some municipal governments have reduced the preparation of law enforcement positions，I did not completely cut off the corresponding preparation，Instead of decomposing it, it is deployed to some departments that gradually play a significant role in modern governance，If the data management department, etc.。and the other part is assigned to the law enforcement positions of the county and grassroots governments，Pioneering of the front -line force of administrative law enforcement。This fully reflects the horizontal fusion of the preparation and deployment，Maximize the effectiveness of the preparation of resources，Further reduce the administrative cost of preparation resource allocation。

　　Responsibilities embedded: comprehensive adaptation of "inside and outside"

In addition to the conventional preparation staff in the government system，There are still a large number of "foreign" personnel。Graduation and "rigid" features of governance affairs，Make governments and relevant departments at all levels complete the corresponding bet365 Play online games governance responsibilities by hiring a large number of "foreign" personnel。Especially the grassroots government，Focus on the scope of governance responsibilities and the preparation of the preparation of "imbalance"，The phenomenon of "external expansion" caused by prominent。Although theoretically，"Outside" personnel do not belong to the category of preparation management，But in reality，Forms of various "foreign" personnel not only undertake many "internal" transactions，It also played an important role in public governance。At the same time，Most of the personnel of "Outside" are public financial support，Optimize it for management，It is also a manifestation of public financial resources。So，"Outside" personnel management has become an important topic that cannot be avoided by preparation management reform。New era preparation and management reform must not only optimize the traditional "internal"，It is necessary to incorporate the important issue of "outside" into the reform。You can try to incorporate the "internal" and "external" according to the attributes of their responsibilities.，Realize the overall "embedded" of government duties in the preparation management，Realize comprehensive adaptation of preparation of "inside and outside"。

The main way to realize the comprehensive adaptation of "internal and external" is based on government responsibilities to explore "Outreach Management Preparation"，embedding the concept of responsibility into the management of the editor。The so -called "Outreach Management Preparation"，It is centered on government responsibilities，Incorporate the staff of the editor into the preparation management system，Form the mechanism of "internal" and "outer" dual -line in the orbit of government duties。Specifically，It can be divided into three aspects: First, refine classification of out -of -the -larition personnel，Establish a framework of the staffing personnel according to the method of preparing categories; the second is to establish specific procedures approved by outsourcing，The approval procedure in the preparation management is introduced into the management of outsiders，Used to regulate the overall size and local volume of foreign personnel; the third is to formulate a standardized external Bet365 lotto review management process，"Rigidity" used to improve the management of external management。At the same time，Improve the incentive and exit mechanism，Strengthen the standardization of external management。

　(Author Unit: School of Public Management of Nanjing Normal University)