Game Theory is a discipline of a research strategic interaction mechanism，This theory has been widely used in economics、International Relations and other disciplines。As a research method，Chinese academic circles are no stranger to it，In recent years，The development of the external world is becoming increasingly complicated，The frontier of the subject is continuously expand，Big Data、Cloud computing、Artificial intelligence and other new research methods also appear on Taiwan，In this case，What new research progress is there in game theory，Does it still have strong explanation and persuasion? Around these problems，The reporter interviewed Lucas Restschler, associate professor of the School of Economics and Financial, Utah State University, and Christopher J. DAWE, Ph.D. of the University of London University of London,。

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"China Social Sciences": Game theory is an interesting research method，Do you agree with this view?

Christopher Davi:Game theory is a general、Effective theoretical tools，The relationship between the interdependence of the strategy in a rigorous way。Professor Lunchler applied the theory theory tools in the study to various strategic scenarios，Ru conflict、Business auction, etc.。The excellence of gaming theory is its extensive cross -domain applicability，Its core is the mathematical model that provides strategic decisions，and format the income and losses faced by the participants。Generally speaking，Game theory integrates mathematical models、Methods and experiments to reveal its strategic thinking insights，This research process has both the rigor of analysis、Creativity and empirical fun。

Game theory will also bring interesting opinions in some unexpected places。For example，In the article "The Ancient Examples of Urgent Power Survival" in cooperation with Professor Lenchler，We try to analyze the continuity of the emergency status method。We studied the "Kumius Fa" passed by the ancient Rome's opposition to luxury consumption in 215 BC，This law intends to limit the expenditure of women on luxury goods，More funds are used to resist the military defense of the Kaga Kai people's invasion。The interesting thing is，After winning in Rome，The law continues to exist for more than 20 years，This has exceeded the original military reasons。Although we mainly studied the history of "The Khamfzfa"，But you can introduce game theory，To explain the motivation of the rulers to continue to maintain the law。

　　"China Social Sciences": Please introduce the historical development of game theory in the academic field。

Christopher Davi:The academic discussion of gaming theory is only carried out in modern times，But the discussion on the principles of strategic decision -making has existed for thousands of years。China's "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is the earliest classic game theory in the world。Many thinkers in ancient China、War and diplomacy also adopted very strategic analysis。Although the grandson did not formally build a model at that time，But he knows how to think about how to think in the environment of multiple participants in the intense competitors。

In the West，Starting from the 18th century，Cournot、Waldegrave and Montmort, etc., use mathematical methods to perform some simple game analysis。Game theory as a formal field of independent academic research、The rapid development began in 1944, John Von Neumann and Oscar Morgenstern's pioneering work "Game Theory and Economic Behavior"。1950 and 1951，John Nash, a US mathematician, published two papers that have influence，The development of game theory has made a major contribution，The Nash balance concept he proposed is one of the most important concepts in game theory。

The 2050s，in John Milnor、Duncan Luce and Llayd S. Shapley and other mathematicians，Game theory research is more complete，The research field has also been expanded，The first batch of textbooks for gaming theory are completed during this period。The 1970s and 1980s，Game theory has been widely used in economics research，Economists such as Reinhard Selten and John Harsanyi have won the Nobel Prize in Economics，A recognition of their foundation contributions to the theory of gaming theory，This also further consolidates the status of game theory as an important branch of economics theory。The 1970s，After proposing the theory of evolution,，Discussion on the dynamic model of the group。2080s，We also witnessed the rise of experimental economics in the laboratory environment，and the application of game theory in the design of auction and mechanism continues to improve。The 1990s，The development of game theory blends psychology、Achievements of behavioral economics and neuroscience，Fixed the assumptions of excessive rationality。Now，Game Theory has become an active research field，Cover more and more complicated strategic interactive models。

　　The scope of the application of cross -disciplinary discipline gradually expands

"China Social Sciences": What are the applications of game theory in natural science and social science?

Christopher Davi:Thanks to the complex strategic decision -making construction model contained in the game theory，It has become an important analysis tool that spans natural science and social sciences。Game theory has been widely used in biology and even physics。For example，Evolution game theory help biologists understand the internal competition and cooperation mechanisms of species; physicists use gaming theory to analyze strategic interaction between particles; economists use gaming theory to analyze enterprise competition、Market signal and mechanism design and other issues; political scientists use game theory to study war、Under the strategic environment of international climate agreement negotiations，How to achieve cooperation between the participants and which factors may hinder the formation of cooperation，Modeling through formalized strategies in game theory，Scholars can have a deeper understanding of multi -party interaction behavior; sociologists use game theory to explain the emergence of social networks、The evolution of social norms and abuse of public resources，Game Theory has become a tool for strategic decisions in the background of a sociologist system to study different social backgrounds; psychologists use gaming theory to study related risks、Cognitive prejudice and decision -making of rewards and strategic weighing; jurists use gaming theory to study crime deterrence problems，Evaluation of legal punishment standards，and design the best incentive mechanism in the judicial system。

Modeling analysis of game theory of multi -person decision -making scenarios makes it an important tool in the field of modern social science research，Its extensive application practice proves its universality and applicability。The application of game theory in multiple disciplines comes from the clarity and rigor of its concept。Game theory has become an analysis market、Business auction、Important theoretical tools for various interactive behaviors such as treaties between the country，For researchers to understand the competition of multiple participants in a strategic environment、Cooperation and other behaviors provide theoretical support。

　　"China Social Sciences": The essence of game theory is to pay attention to the interaction and human behavior of the participants，Economics is just its specific application scenario，Can game theory provides a generally applicable analysis paradigm to a certain extent? What role does game theory as a theoretical tool play in social science research?

Lucas Lenchler:Fundamentally speaking, game theory is a formalized model of strategic interaction，It is not only applied to economics，Other disciplines such as political science、Sociology、Anthropology、Psychology, etc. can also benefit from it。The core of the game theory is to provide a multi -functional toolkit to test the interdependent multi -smart decision -making scene。Any strategy incentive、Behavioral prediction、Anymodable models of information asymmetry or decision -making process can be used for rigorous structural analysis with game theory。Because of this，We have seen the huge potential of further application of game theory in the fields that have not been developed。

Despite this，The application and development of game theory also faces many limitations。If the scene analyzed becomes increasingly complicated，It is difficult to build a Nash equilibrium on the game theory model。other，The assumptions of the full rationality and common knowledge in game theory may not reflect real human behavior。At the same time，Some economics experiments have clearly stated，People often deviate from the theoretical prediction of game theory in a systematic way，Although a limited rational model and a more complex preference model have been introduced in the experiment，But it may not be able to make accurate predictions。Generally speaking，We may become a more influential interdisciplinary theoretical tool in the future of gaming theory.。With the improvement of human computing power and integration with psychological knowledge，Model construction in future game theory can overcome more limitations，Provide a deeper strategic interpretation for complex social systems，The contribution to other fields has just begun。

　　In -depth integration of game theory and computing science

"China Social Sciences": What is the research direction and academic frontier of the current game theory? What academic growth points have the rise of theory such as evolution game theory and quantum game theory?

Lucas Lenchler:Game theory is still a continuous and active research field，New expansion and applications constantly appear。An important trend is the development of evolution game theory，It applies the model of the model of game theory to the evolutionary population。The concept of evolutionary stability and dynamics developed from its developed by it is trying to analyze how cooperation and coordination between different groups will appear。The field of quantum game theory research also shows a strong development space，It focuses on how the phenomenon of quantum entanglement and superposition affect strategic decision -making。

Except these new research methods，Researchers are trying to incorporate the practicality of human behavior into consideration，If limited rational and psychological deviations, etc.，Improve the accuracy of research through introduction of behavior analysis。At the same time，The field of mechanism design can also use game theory tools to design incentive mechanisms to achieve specific targets。More and more research fields are using strategic models to analyze network effects。other，Extended games and random games can help researchers better analyze the sequence interaction、Randomness and uncertainty。

In recent years，Computer science is expanded in multiple research fields of game theory。Computer scientists through development algorithms、Machine learning to solve the problems existing in the game theory model，and find a equilibrium in the complex multi -intelligent body scene。The random optimal response balancing method in the game theory is very dependent on computing capabilities，At the same time, it is necessary to include limited rationality into the entire process of its predictions。In addition，Computer scientists also use game theory to construct a model to analyze computer systems in network security、Strategic decisions in network design and mechanism design。

Generally speaking，There is a profound contact between game theory and computer science。From calculation method to artificial intelligence，Then go to the fields of cryptography and consensus agreement, you need to intervene in the theory of game theory，Provide support for solving more complicated problems。Similarly，Game theory is also designed for the increasingly powerful computer system、I have contributed to understanding the machine learning model。

　　"China Social Sciences": Economists have made a lot of efforts in the amendment of the assumptions，Including limited rationality、Information is asymmetry, etc.，Makes its theoretical model closer to reality。What is the impact of these game theories?

Lucas Lenchler:Re -examine the basic assumptions such as complete rationality and common knowledge，It is very important for improving the actual correlation and prediction ability of gaming theory。Experimental research reveals the deviation of human behavior and game theory prediction，Promote researchers to work hard to improve the relevant model。Incorporating limited rationality in the game theory is a key progress，It allows researchers to make more detailed psychological modeling of cognitive limitations。The research on subjective beliefs and preference structure further increased the reality and explanation range of theory。Another important extension is to include the consideration of information asymmetry in the game theory，Analysis signal、Disclosure and persuasion, so that game theory can better advertise、Financial market and other information obtain an uneven scenario application。

Generally speaking，Optimize about rationality、Assumptions in cognition and information，greatly improved the flexibility of gaming theory in analyzing the complex strategy environment。Game Theory、Experimental and behavioral science and many other cross -area interaction and vast space，Researchers still need to continuously improve the conceptual toolbox of game theory，While ensuring the accuracy of the analysis，Give it a stronger empirical basis。

　　"China Social Sciences": classic models such as "Zhizhu Games" and "Eagle Pigeon Games" in game theory，What is the explanation of the current real society?

Christopher Davi:Game theory still has great room for progress in predicting real human behavior。Early game theory model depends on the hypothesis of simplified，Often cannot reflect the actual cognition and selection process，Experimental results often show the deviation between theoretical and observation results。So，Researchers have always tried to revise the basic model to better reflect human psychology and reality as，Refining limited rationality、Subjective beliefs、Enlightenment、Preference structure and other factors，The scope and predictive ability of game theory have been greatly expanded。These efforts make the game theory model closer to real life，Enhanced the applicability of the real scene。

Despite this，The research of game theory still needs to be deeply integrated with psychologists and behavioral economists，This can strengthen the consistency of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis in different scenarios。With the emergence of more detailed theoretical tools and the improvement of human computing power，Game theory is expected to better capture complex strategic reasoning，Give full play to its potential for explaining multi -level socio -economic phenomena。

　Game theory has more research space in the future

"China Social Sciences": Current，What are the challenges of the development of game theory?

Lucas Lenchler:Although the theory of game is influential，But as a field of continuous development，Still facing many severe challenges。First，How to balance the complexity and explanation of the model。Pursuit of higher reality usually means the complexity of the extension model，But to some extent，This may reduce the generality of the theory。Highly complex models are difficult to pass empirical inspection，If not anchored in actual data，Application potential will be reduced。Second，More complex gaming theory models will produce calculation obstacles。Multi -intelligent models in game theory exceed the limit of the current algorithm and hardware capabilities，Only by continuously improving the computing power can we overcome these technical obstacles。Third，The combination of game theory and psychological reality also faces challenges。Form -to -model modeling is often difficult to capture the subtle features of human decision -making in strategic environments。Considering that the simplified assumptions such as complete rationality are still dominated，Researchers need to carry out more behavior analysis work。Fourth，At the organization level，There are also challenges to carry out cross -disciplinary cooperation。Game theory still has difficulties in ensuring application correlation and policy influence。

Generally speaking，We need to get a balance between analyzing depth and practical breadth and between accuracy and simplicity。On the empirical foundation、Behavior Model、Calculation、Cooperation、Any progress in ethical and policy correlation will help better develop the potential of game theory tools。It can be said，Although the game theory has influence，Although the game theory has influence。

　　"China Social Sciences": What inspiration can game theory bring us? What efforts can we make to promote more mutually beneficial relationships，Reduce unnecessary confrontation?

Lucas Lenchler:Game theory has potential in promoting the establishment of more cooperative relationships and reducing conflict。For example，Saudi value in the theory of cooperation game。Shapli value provides a reward or cost in the cooperation scene in a mathematical way in a mathematical way，To reflect the marginal contribution of each participant。By providing fair allocation，It can motivate participants to cooperate rather than competition。The value of Shape's interest has been applied to the allocation of cost benefits、Voting rights analysis and other problems。Different non -cooperative game theory that pays attention to its own interests，The model of cooperative game theory is concerned about maximizing the common income from collaborative behaviors。Of course，The positive willingness and integrity of the participants are also key prerequisites for building such models。Analysis of incentives、Fair factors，Game theory is cultivating mutual benefit and win -win relationships、Reduce unnecessary conflict is a very valuable tool。

Non -cooperative game theory provides an important explanation for understanding the conflict and the development of war，Through game theory, we can better understand the confrontation incentive、How to shape various results。Now，Non -cooperative game theory initiates for the study of war、Risk upgrade、Asymmetric conflict、Political Alliance and complex geopolitical phenomena provides a clear explanation。It is a power balance、Collaboration provides rigorous analysis，These are important contents in the field of international relations。Although excessive simplified models may ignore the subtle differences in the real world，But non -cooperative game theory provides research confrontation motivation、The basic perspective of the strategy interdependence and balanced behavior。Empirical analysis and psychological depth analysis through combined experience，Non -cooperative game theory has a certain value in terms of management conflict and stopping aggression。

　　"China Social Sciences": Many people show strong interest in gaming theory，But the theory of game theory has high requirements for mathematical skills，This is often discouraged。For this，What suggestions do you have?

Lucas Lenchler:The mathematical model in game theory is indeed very complicated，This may look scary。but，The field of this field depends to a large extent on logical reasoning of strategic incentives，This reason is based on our negotiations、Competition、Common sense and intuition of cooperation。Although the mathematical model increases the accuracy of game theory，But the correct interpretation is its core。For those who have just touched the game theory，The entry course of learning game theory can improve its business negotiations、Strategic thinking ability in product selection and other aspects，Bar balance with Nash、The contact of concepts such as reverse induction method can enrich the way people handle the strategy environment。

Not only that，Some models in the game theory reveal the anti -intuitive insights of human behavior，So attractive。"Prisoner Dilemma", "Deer Hunting Game" and "Coward Games" and other classic game theory models reveal the cooperation、New perspective of trust and conflict。We encourage anyone who is interested in strategies at a suitable level to study game theory。Although mathematics can deepen understanding of the depth of game theory，But the mastery of basic concepts can still benefit learners。Through the correct learning method，Researchers will enter an inspiring field。