Spain、Argentina、Colombia、Peru and other Spanish countries attach great importance to the external spread of its language and culture，Establishing a promotion agency、Holding cultural activities、Open foreign language examinations and various training，In the cultivation of communication skills and speaking ability in foreign language teaching。The cultivation of the ability to communicate with the meeting is inseparable from the interaction of teachers and students in the classroom，Interaction between the listener and the speaker，This interaction is reflected in the reaction of the obedient to the speaker's words，Feedback。Feedback，According to the purpose of communication, it can be divided into support feedback and non -supportive feedback。The purpose of the former is not for the rotation.，Instead of helping the speaker to complete his speech，Express the attention of the content or opinion it says、Interest、Support、Agree、Like waiting for attitude。The purpose of the latter is to obtain the call wheel，Or express the content of what they talk about to the current speaker、Disagreement of the point of view、Opposition and other attitudes。Supportable feedback has become one of the hot spots of Spanish session analysis in Spanish in the past 20 years，Multi -angle has been formed at present、Multi -layered、Multi -regional、Multi -method、Research features of multimodal state。

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Session analysis is a branch of sociology，In the 1960s, it was proposed by American scholar Sacks and others，It is used to analyze the social order embodied by human speech communication。Supporting feedback is an important research direction in bet365 live casino games the field of session analysis。The 19450s，Linguist and psychologist began to pay attention to feedback signals。1970，American scholar Yingwei (V. H. YNGVVE) opened the precedent for discussing this problem with the theory of session analysis。Scholars do a single language analysis，If you discuss the type and function of supporting the sex wheels in American English。Since then，Expand bilingual and multi -language comparison analysis，Such as English Spanish bilingual、English -language Japanese -language support feedback method, etc.。Since Spanish and English have large differences in support feedback，Some research conclusions in Spanish and English comparison are left with the views made by Sax and others。

Exploration of Spanish support feedback methods began in the mid -1990s，First appear in the language comparison of the conversion method of the rotation wheel and the inter -cultural non -language communication research。Berry (A. Berry) Discovery，Compared with English，Spanish feedback duration longer。Some short representation feedback syllables in Spanish can be used together，Makes the conversations overlap longer。In Spanish，Repeat、Short rewriting and the estimated speaker will speak with them (referring to the listener and the speaker to complete the sentence that the latter wants，To indicate that the obedient understands what the speaker wants to speak) is much higher than the frequency that occurs in English。F. Poyatos (F. Poyatos) discussed the eyes in the conversion process、The cooperation of the body and discourse。He pointed out，Feedback is to determine whether the obedient is really listening、Do you agree、Do you like the basis for。He noticed that there are differences in feedback methods used by obedient use in different scenes。An important contribution of Poatos in this field is，Analysis of the obedient Bet365 app download said "Follow -Not Follow", "Interested — Not interested", "Agree -disagree"，Examine feedback method in detail from the perspective of different modal symbol resources。The thinking of these two scholars is the direction of the language comparative research and multi -mode research of the later Spanish support feedback method。

　　Systematic and rich new research content 

The late 1990s to the beginning of the 21st century，Scholars conducted more systematic research on Spanish support feedback methods。Mainly discussed the basic problems of Spanish support feedback methods、Spanish support feedback method in different regions、Language comparison and two -character teaching。

Scholars who studied the Spanish feedback earlier systems were A. M. Cestero。She systematically explained the function and value of Spanish support feedback wheels、Impact、The complexity of the words is timely、Effect of gender and age differences、Conditions generated、The speaker's behavior when facing support feedback。She divides the support feedback wheel into seven categories according to the function: Follow、Agree、Understanding、(Coordinated) Completed、Summary、Inform、Confirm。The complexity of the structure of the sentence，Divide support feedback wheels into simple words、Three types of complex words and composite words。The average length of the support feedback wheel is 0.5 seconds。0.5 seconds and 0.5 seconds below 0.5 seconds of support feedback wheels are the highest frequency。Look from gender，The number of supporting feedback wheels from women is significantly higher than that of men; the average time of women's support feedback wheels is slightly shorter than men。From the perspective of age，Men and women between the ages of 20-34 have the most supportive feedback wheels。

Some scholars have inspected the Spanish support feedback method in some regions。such as Blas (J. L. Blas) pointed out by the survey，bet365 live casino games "MUY BIEN" (very good) in the Castelló region in Spain can be used as a feedback signal，The conversator said through this signal that he is very interested in the content of the current speaker，Allow the speaker to continue speaking at the same time; Akksta-Reyes and others believe that in Spanish, northern Mexico，The rise in the height of the sound is a common rhythm clue that triggers feedback。

Language comparison and two -character teaching are currently research hotspots of Spanish support feedback。At present, there are fewer comparative studies。such as P. Brusco、Perez (J. M. Pérez) and A. Gravano, etc.，Compared with the rotation method of American English and Argentine Spanish，It is found in these two languages，The rhythm clues are implicit in the wheel before feedback，But these clues are not the same。and the research on the two -language learner is slightly more。Scholars analyzed Chinese、English、Italian、Korean、Arabic、Swedish, such as the supportive feedback method of Spanish learners who are mother tongue，Create a corpus library，Published a series of papers，Publishing monograph，Delivery、Based on the detailed inspection，Put forward the corresponding teaching strategy。J. Pérez analyzed the dialogue between Spanish students and Spain in Taiwan, China。Research Discovery，Students and Spanish mother tongue have different similarities in using supportive spoils。The similarities are mainly reflected in: the support wheels from students and Spanish mother tongue mainly express their consent of the current statement; as far as language complexity，Simple supportive words composed of sub -language components and adverbs，These supportive wheels are a strategy for spoken interaction in Chinese language needs，Not the obedient person is consciously issued by communication activities。The difference between their differences bet365 best casino games is that the main function of the support wheel used by the two -language person is expressing consent，But their behavior also shows other three important functions: express understanding、Repeatation and emphasizing the approach of society and emotion between the conversers。The second is that most of the supportable feedback wheels used by the two -language person will not cause the conversation wheel to overlap，and usually produce support feedback wheels for output in the conversion of the rotation wheel。This shows that they use the cooperation communication mode close to mother tongue。

　　Multi -mode provides new analysis tools 

At the beginning of the session analysis，Non -language symbols and sub -language symbols attracted the attention of G. Jefferson。The conversion rules of the session analysis of its development can clearly mark the multiple symbols of different modes。This rule is still in use today，Lay the foundation for creating a new transfer rules and accurate recording support feedback methods，Provides effective tools for the interaction process for the successor from the perspective of the successor。

Recording、Wide use of video technology and voice、Video Analysis Software Development provides technical support for scholars to examine environmental factors and non -language symbols such as environmental factors and the body of the communication。Many scholars have analyzed support feedback methods from a multi -modal perspective。Ru Poatos noticed the combination of language symbols in its early exploration、Anxual symbol、The necessity of analysis of non -language symbols。Following him，Setro recorded the language symbol that expressed support feedback in the study，and the sound of similar vocabulary、laughter、Breathing sound with certain meaning、Pass pause、Silent、nod、Gesture action and other sub -language symbols and non -language symbols。The sound of approximate vocabulary is like "Hum" bet365 Play online games (HM)、"噗" (PF)、"Aha" (AHA), etc.，You can follow the meaning of follow -up and active participation like a supportive feedback wheel。Smile can represent an attitude that is actively participating，Give play to adjust and communicate、Make it smoother effect，It can also be used to evaluate the words of others，Agree for it、Understanding、Agree、Confirm or follow the meaning。Nodding or shaking the head to express the act of approval and negation can also play a role in supporting feedback wheels。Costa Rica scholar A. Bola? 觡 OS also analyzed the feedback function of laughter。She thinks，Practice to make a smoother communication with a smile is closely related to the conversation style of the communication person。Talk styles are more cautious than those who use laughter as feedback symbols，To show that it actively participate in communication interaction。D. Sales (D. Sales) analyzed the communication process of Chinese immigrants living in Valencia, Spain from a multi -mode perspective，It is found that the Chinese and Spain per capita use laughter to relieve contradictions，Chinese people often use laughter to relieve tension。The initial stage of the talks、Too short social greetings、Talk involves personal information such as age，Chinese people often feel nervous，and laughed to relieve the distress。Veshant-Lasharala inspected the teacher class feedback method，The non -language feedback method used by the two -character teacher in the teaching process includes nodding、Shake head、Shake your fingers from one side to the other，Let students repeat the content of the students to self -amended through emoticons。Another，Scholars such as Bruisco and other scholars adopt a brain electrical drawing notes for multi -modal research。Therefore，Analysis of supporting feedback methods in cross -cultural communication from a multi -mode state bet365 live casino games perspective，It is a promising research direction。

　　(Author is an associate professor of the School of Western Language and Culture, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies; Professor of Western Language and Cultural Institute of Western Language and Culture of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)