Since this year，Facing complex and severe challenges at home and abroad，Many major macro indicators of bet365 joining bonus code economy have recovered and improved，High-quality development is steadily advancing，Demonstrates strong economic development resilience and potential。Major international institutions have raised their expectations for bet365 joining bonus code economic growth，The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) released the latest economic outlook report on November 29，Estimated 2023，bet365 joining bonus code economy will grow by 5.2%，Higher than last expected。About bet365 joining bonus code economic development situation and future trends，Our reporter has sorted out a number of relevant reports，And interviewed Enrique Dussel Peters, professor at the School of Economics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)。

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Peters said，With 2023 4、Compared to May，bet365 joining bonus code economy has improved significantly recently，Positive trends in economic development may push bet365 joining bonus code full-year GDP growth in 2023 to around 5%，Even higher。Looking at the specific industry，Manufacturing、The vitality of the service industry has been significantly enhanced，The proportion in bet365 joining bonus code GDP has increased。

Peters thinks，bet365 joining bonus code manufacturing industry performs very well，Especially high-tech manufacturing industries such as computers and communication equipment。The growth rate of bet365 joining bonus code automobile exports is also very eye-catching，China Association of Automobile Manufacturers data display，January-October 2023，bet365 joining bonus code cumulative automobile exports reached 3.9 million units，Rapid growth year-on-year。bet365 joining bonus code new energy vehicle competitiveness improvement will further expand export growth，In his opinion，These are all important factors in understanding bet365 joining bonus code positive economic future。He believes，bet365 joining bonus code manufacturing industry will be more stable in the future，Even greater growth。

Peters mentioned，The real estate industry is still the most noteworthy part of the Chinese economy。Recently，The People's Bank of China released a column on "Continuing to Deepen the Market-Based Reform of Interest Rates"，Clearly proposed to continue to improve the marketization of mortgage interest rates，Better support for rigid and improved housing needs。He said，In real estate sales，Combating speculation in real estate、Policies such as ensuring rigid needs will continue to have an impact in the next few years。Reduce existing mortgage interest rates、Relaxing home purchase qualifications and other policies are expected to inject new impetus into bet365 joining bonus code real estate industry and bet365 joining bonus code economy。

The World Bank report mentioned，bet365 joining bonus code economy is characterized by a high level of savings、High level of investment (as measured by gross capital formation)，And the level of consumer spending is relatively low。Peters said，Compared to other large economies，China can choose to promote economic growth by cultivating and expanding the domestic consumer market。

Peters said，In the new growth point of bet365 joining bonus code economy，Solar battery、New energy vehicles、Chip and other high-tech industries have left a deep impression on people。As emphasized by the Chinese government，Growth depends not only on quantity，It depends more on the quality，Including increasing the contribution rate of high-tech industries to economic growth。In semiconductor and other fields，The Chinese government encourages independent research and development，Realizing import substitution，And establish an artificial intelligence supply chain system。Among them，Chinese companies SMIC and Huawei have achieved very positive results，Huawei’s latest mobile phone equipped with Kirin 9000s chip is an excellent example。At the same time，In other parts of the global value chain，Chinese companies are also approaching the advanced level of global innovation，May have become a global leader。Peters said，But you still need to pay attention，Competition between Western companies and Chinese companies still exists，These will all affect international trade、Foreign direct investment，And have a profound impact on academic exchanges and information flow。

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China actively responds to many challenges，Promote economic transformation and industrial structure upgrading，bet365 joining bonus code economic growth has gradually shifted to a domestic demand-driven and innovation-driven model。Alicia García Herrero, senior fellow at the Institute for European and Global Economics in Brussels, and Robin Schindowski, a research analyst, assess China in recent research level of economic development and innovation。Herrero and Schwinski mentioned，Innovation is the development and application of ideas and technology，These ideas and technologies can improve products、Improve service quality，And improve production efficiency。In the standard growth model，Technical factors determine different inputs (labor、The level of output that can be achieved by a specific combination of capital, etc.。Economists have long recognized the endogenous characteristics of technological change，It arises from the intentional investment decisions of rational agents in the economy，Includes R&D resources、Policy Support、Human capital, etc.，These inputs are then converted into outputs，Usually measured by the number and quality of scientific publications and patents。

Research by Herrero and Schwinski shows，In the field of scientific publications，bet365 joining bonus code efforts to narrow the gap with Western countries have yielded results。Cited by evaluation，In particular, the number of influential citations can evaluate the quality of these scientific publications。According to data from the Japan Institute of Science, Technology and Academic Policy (NISTEP)，Chinese scholars’ papers are among the top 1% in terms of citations。Patent achievements are another indicator of innovation，Herrero and Schwinski also paid attention to bet365 joining bonus code patent filing results。They found out，China State Intellectual Property Office’s patent authorization surges。The number of Chinese patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has also increased。They said，The number of patents in China has reached the level of Germany and South Korea。

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According to Herrero and Schwinski，bet365 joining bonus code economy is at a crossroads，Constricted growth driven by high investment、In the context of the obvious trend of population aging，China has proposed a new economic growth model，That is, consumer demand and independent innovation are the two pillars to further promote economic development，Only an economic growth model with innovation as its core can improve the structural slowdown。Therefore，China is actively promoting technological innovation，Continuously increase investment in R&D and human capital。They said，The Chinese government emphasizes that innovation is not only for development，It is also to achieve high-quality economic growth。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out，“Insisting on the core position of innovation in the overall situation of my country’s modernization drive”。In the past 20 years，bet365 joining bonus code R&D expenditure as a share of GDP is rising steadily。2022，bet365 joining bonus code total R&D investment exceeds 3 trillion yuan，reached 30782.900 million yuan，10 more than the previous year.1%，Continue the rapid growth momentum，The investment intensity level ranks 13th in the world，Between EU (2.2%) and OECD countries (2.7%) between average levels，The gap with OECD countries has further narrowed。

mentioned by Herrero and Schwinski，China has made significant progress in both R&D and innovation capabilities。It’s safe to say，The quality of scientific research and the number of patents in China have been greatly improved。Whether it is scientific publications or patent results，These are the "intermediate goals" of innovation，Only when these intermediate goals are translated into actual results (such as net growth in industry added value)，Only completed the innovation task，The economy will prosper and develop。From initial idea to becoming an “intermediate goal”，Get actual results again，Every step in this process is restricted by various factors，These factors may accelerate or hinder the progress of innovation，Policies included、Law、The external environment of the country, etc.。Herrero and Schwinski believe，What is bet365 joining bonus code economic future?，Whether the structural slowdown can be alleviated，It will depend on whether bet365 joining bonus code innovation efforts can provide sufficient “stamina”。

To measure the economic results of innovation, productivity can be measured、Start with factors such as people’s living standards，But this process is not easy。Herrero and Schwinski tried an easier way to measure the effectiveness of innovation，The added value of goods and services。OECD data display，From 2005 to 2018，In most economies that trade with China，bet365 joining bonus code export and domestic added value have increased significantly，bet365 joining bonus code exports to ASEAN countries and Japan have increased significantly。Taken together, these data show that China has moved upstream in the global value chain，The results of its technological research and development have entered the commercial transformation stage。