In recent years，Under the background of scientific and technological innovation around the world，Knowledge Transfer has gradually become a hot topic for research in the industry and academic circles of many countries。There is a close contact between scientific and technological innovation and knowledge transfer。Knowledge and technology born from scientific and technological innovation provides motivation and content for knowledge transfer。Knowledge transfer transmits novel knowledge and technology to a wider range of areas and audiences，Accelerated the application and iteration of cutting -edge technology。Knowledge transfer is a continuous dynamic process，synthesis involving knowledge、Communication、Communication、Share、Application and other aspects。With the support of governments of various countries，For the past few decades，The interactive scale of academic and industry circles has gradually expanded，Forms increase，Full results。Knowledge transfer has become a key link for industry -university -research cooperation，In the integration of resources and advantages of all parties、Improve technological innovation ability、It is important to train comprehensive talents and promote social and economic development。In recent years，Sociology、Economics、Scholars in the fields of management，Exploring the necessity and feasibility of knowledge transfer in the background of industry -university -research cooperation from multiple angles，Put forward a series of decisive factor about the transfer path and mechanism，It provides a broad space for improving and expanding knowledge transfer theory and practice。

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Catherine Herfeld, a professor of philosophy and economics at the University of Hennoh Welbnitz University in Germany, and Chiara Lisciandra, assistant professor of philosophy and religion at the University of Undelzhi at the University of Undelzhi, )express，The general definition of scientific knowledge not only includes scientific concepts、Method、Models and theories abstract knowledge，It also includes specific knowledge learned through the subject practice，For example, research objects and their characteristics、Research tools and use skills and use protocols。They preset three conditions for knowledge transfer。First，There is indeed knowledge in the context of the source，instead of guessing with the straightforwardness。2，Knowledge can be transferred from the source context to the target context in some way。third，Knowledge Bet365 app download transfer meets the purpose of certain cognitive levels，For example, solving problems existing in the context of the target。Object of knowledge transfer、The potential reasons for knowledge transfer and the specific background of knowledge transfer will affect the form and results of scientific knowledge transfer。The background of knowledge transfer can be a specific subject，It can also be a sub -field or specific research field，or even culture、History、Politics、System、Geography、Economic and sociological situations。There are many typical cases of knowledge transfer。For example，The concept of psychology has been widely introduced into the economic model，to show the motivation behind the decision，Explanation of parental social behavior、Social phenomena such as habitual behavior or addiction behavior。Psychological concept as supplement to economic theory，Can fully analyze the tax policy、Complex effects of transaction behavior or commodity exchange。

In recent years，A large number of related research documents were generated around the knowledge transfer dispute mechanism and practical form。Herfeld and others pointed out，There are two main reasons for the study of knowledge transfer in the academic world。First，Knowledge transfer has developed into one of the key features of major research projects in the past few decades，It is also one of the important parts of scientific knowledge production。Many new areas were born from the intersection of the knowledge of different disciplines，For example, synthetic biology、Physical Chemistry、Calculate social science、Genetic Linguistics、Climate Science, etc.。So，The nature and method of research knowledge transfer、The characteristics of the transfer process、Knowledge transfer prospects and limitations in various situations, and the relationship between knowledge transfer and scientific innovation，Help people understand the development trend of cutting -edge science，Promoting the History of Science、Reform of scientific sociology and scientific philosophy。Next，Knowledge transfer is becoming a common strategy to solve worldwide problems。Adjust the international financial system、Decoding human genome、Actively adapt to major agenda such as climate change，Those who need to benefit the relevant person from multiple angles、Multiple ways to solve a series of complex problems，This involves multidisciplinary cross。Cross fusion of multidisciplinary is a scientific theory set up to set specific problems in a certain field、Concepts and technical transfer to new problems or theoretical frameworks，integrated with knowledge fragments bet365 Play online games in other fields。High professional knowledge fragmentation experience and re -integration of practice and practice，Multi -purpose tools to solve complex problems in new environments。

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Universities bear the heavy responsibility of contributing to the national economic development。In college、In the triple interaction of the industry and the government，Universities are not only academic organizations pursuing excellent research，It is also responsible for promoting the development of the commercialization of intellectual property。Under the background of cooperation in industry, university and research，Knowledge transfer involves social practice、Legal rights and economic interests。Professor of Management of New Jersey Institute of Technology, Shanti Gopalakrishnan and Professor Michael D. Santoro at the Professor of Business School of Richard University in the United States discovered，"Knowledge" and "Technology" approach the meaning in the meaning，Scholars who led to the transfer of research knowledge alternate "technology" and "knowledge" alternately。Technical transfer to provide tools to change the environment，Knowledge transfer reveals the reasons that the environment needs to be changed。Professor of Honorary School Director of Archives University in Arizona、Arizona Technology Policy and Public Management Millennium Professor Barry Bozeman believes，People are transferring technology products，The scientific knowledge behind the product will also spread with。

Senior Researcher at Oxford University of Oxford, Gianluca Fabiano, etc.，Knowledge、Individual、The characteristics of the organization and discipline determine which transfer mechanism will the university and the industry adopt。First，Not only technical between individuals and institutions is not only technology、Patent and physical，There is also knowledge with different characteristics。Current，Discussing the literature of knowledge and technical transfer mainly studies the transfer path according to the degree of compilation of knowledge。The explicitness and hidden knowledge of knowledge refers to the complexity level of the knowledge continuity，Knowledge can be verbalized、Written、Graphic or other ways expressed in other ways。Differential knowledge and hidden knowledge are not opposing existence，but interdependence、Relationships that complement each other。The easier it is to express or compile knowledge，The easier it is to be transferred; analyzing hidden knowledge requires more complicated means，If researchers verbally teach or observe repeatedly。Based on the survey results of the four industrial departments，The Director bet365 live casino games of the Department of Standardization and Intellectual Property, the Department of Standardization and Intellectual Property of the Dutch Holywin University of Technology Rudi Bekker, said，The importance difference between different knowledge transfer paths can be explained through the basic characteristics of knowledge: tacitness、Systemic and expected breakthroughs。Specifically，The easier it is to be written and published by knowledge，Output of science and technology、Informal communication、Recruiting students、Contract research as a form of knowledge of universities and industrial transfer, the more important it is。

Some scholars start from individuals participating in knowledge and technology transfer，The way to study the knowledge transfer of knowledge in the background of industry -university -research cooperation。Lomnne Zucker, an honorary professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Outstanding Honorary Professor Michael Darby, an outstanding honorary professor at the School of Management, emphasized the laborer flow value of "star scientists"。"Star Scientist" refers to the experts who have announced 40 or more gene sequences at the DNA sequence database (NCBI GEN Bank) at the National Biotechnology Center of the United States。Zach and others discovered，Star scientists participate in the company's founding or provide guidance for the company，Paradigma to promote knowledge transfer。The knowledge reserve of star scientists help the company to achieve greater market success，Turn in turn，Commercial reputation is conducive to celebrities to create publications with higher academic value。Studies show，Papers in cooperation with the company or employed by the company's star scientists，Its reference rate is significantly higher than the articles from other star scientists。This can be seen，Well -known scholars and industry cooperation will enhance the reputation of universities，attract more outstanding scholars to participate in the research of hot topics of science on the front of science，Promoting the common development of science and business applications。

Professor James A. Cunningham, a professor of entrepreneurship and innovation at the University of Newcastle University of Newcastle, and others discussed the management role of chief researcher in the large -scale public funding research project。Chief Researchers by clarifying the research plan、Planning and research channels and measures，Bridge between academic and industrial circles，Become an indispensable person for knowledge transformation。In addition，Assistant professor of the School of Public Affairs of Arizona State University, Christopher S. Hayter, etc., analyzed "academic entrepreneurs"Bet365 app download ，Technical staff、Technical staff、How to spread and commercialize new knowledge in colleges and universities。Academic Entrepreneurs，Founded a company based on the results of university research，It is a recognized driving force for regional and national economic development。Heite and others discovered，Graduate students play a key role in the establishment and early development of university derivatives。Whether it is setting up a strategic plan，Still adjust the organizational structure according to market conditions，Graduate students all plays characters similar to professors and entrepreneurs。

Facing the increasing pressure of development，Universities are fully integrating the use of research resources and teaching knowledge to fulfill the "third mission"。This means，Universities use and transfer academic knowledge in a targeted manner，to help deal with various social challenges，and actively cooperate with public and private enterprises，Transfer technology，Promote innovation。The United States awarded the university's right to award the university in the "Bai Du Act" promulgated in 1980，To promote the institutionalization of knowledge transfer。The management of knowledge transfer gradually shifts to evaluation and protect intellectual property rights，Docking with the industrial department。Paolo Landoni, an associate professor of the Department of Management and Engineering, the Department of Management and Engineering of Turin University of Italy, discovered，National policy and college background determine the organizational structure of management knowledge and technical transfer。Universities led by universities led by universities with high academic achievements are reduced to reduce patent transaction costs，Improvement of the commercialization of self -developed results，Establishing a technical transfer office in the school。In contrast，Knowledge transfer organization under the "external" mode is usually college、Company and the two participating in the establishment or own independent company composition。The knowledge transfer organization in the "mixed" mode is composed of the technical transfer office and off -campus company。

The characteristics of basic knowledge and the discipline background and social environment of knowledge generated，Determine the importance of different knowledge metastasis。Professor Maria Abreu, a professor of economic geography at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom, noticed，Bioscience、Scholars in the field of engineering and physics are more likely to participate in all types of knowledge transfer activities than scholars in the field of health science，Especially patent license、Derivatives of university derivative companies, etc. official bet365 live casino games knowledge transfer activities。Scholars in the field of social science are more likely to involve informal and non -commercial knowledge transfer activities。Slovenia University of Economics and Business at the University of Economics and Business at the University of Economics and Business, Bostjan Antoncic and others found，Compared with scholars in the field of social sciences，More scholars in the field of natural sciences believe that its affiliated department focuses on entrepreneurship。This concept may be engaged in entrepreneurial activities (patent、license、Business interaction、Contract Research) Scholars' influences are far -reaching，For traditional academic activities (academic conference、Publishing of works、Basic Studies) The influence of scholars can be ignored。

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Fabiano et al.，and further explore the complementary and dynamic of different bet365 live casino games knowledge transfer activities。The importance and core position of individual knowledge in a specific field or social network determines the mechanism of knowledge transfer。Knowledge of transferring different studies in different studies involves different ways。So，Fabiano et al.，Establish a transfer path for different ways of knowledge flow under the background of industry -university -research cooperation，It will significantly improve the effect of knowledge transfer。Channel is a linear one -way relationship connecting universities and industries，It is also a medium for unidirectional transfer of third -party knowledge。Here，Different types of knowledge Move in the organizational environment with different transfer rates。Knowledge transferred through channels can be compiled、can spread、It can prevent the characteristics of being misappropriated。The knowledge transfer activity through the channel includes publishing、Quotation、Lecture、Database access、Donation、Gifts、Delive、commercialization of intellectual property rights。The process is a social structure composed of colleges and industrial departments and highly involved。In the process，The compiled knowledge and the compilation of the knowledge enter a multi -dimensional space through individual interaction，Flow in multiple directions。Learning process composed of multi -layer benign feedback cycle，These knowledge is adapted by the environment、Learning and absorption，Create and spread new knowledge。

Fabiano et al.，Future research focuses on how to further affect the channels and processes of knowledge transfer，and the role of internal and external agents in the process of knowledge transfer。This requires a vertical research method，How to promote and obstruct the dynamic process of knowledge transfer with many factors。With the bet365 live casino games arrival of the digital revolution，Big data becomes multi -dimensional、Outstanding cases of multi -direction transfer knowledge。Current，It is difficult for many industries to determine the original environment of the birth of big data knowledge，Not to mention the best time to control the best time to control knowledge or manage potential intellectual property risks。A number covering big data、Diversity、Multi -dimensional knowledge transfer models of characteristics such as transmission speed and accuracy，It can be used as a starting point for the transfer of big data transfer between public institutions and private sector。other，Scholars should deeply dig the impact of economic factors on the selection of knowledge transfer mechanisms。Most economic thinking about the transfer of knowledge technology originated from the analysis of patent commercialization，Few scholars analyze other economic drive factors from the perspective of patent commercial activities。New research perspective will provide key reference information for decision -making such as scientific research and innovation funds。