In recent years，The “replication crisis” argument not only troubles frontline researchers、Academic practitioners such as academic journal editors，And challenges the public’s authority over science、Overall trust in the significance of scientific bet365 games and the reliability of its conclusions，Our reporter has already reported on this issue。As the report deepens，Reporter found，Whether the bet365 games results are “reproducible” not only involves technical issues such as academic standards or publishing standards，It also involves theory and practice、Theoretical bet365 games and empirical analysis、Fundamental and even strategic issues such as basic bet365 games and achievement transformation。In view of the deep-seated problems hidden under the surface of "repeated crisis" and how to solve related problems，Our reporter interviewed foreign scholars engaged in relevant bet365 games。

　　Fully tap into the value potential of “bet365 games”

According to the official website of the University of California, Santa Barbara，about 20 years ago，A "liquidation" on the credibility of published literature in the field of social behavioral science, especially psychology, has set off a trend of reflection in the academic community。At that time，There are several large-scale studies attempting to replicate previously published findings，Or it may not be possible，Or it can only be replicated at a much smaller scale than the original study。This has questioned the credibility of relevant bet365 games results and subsequent social behavioral science bet365 games。Brian Nosek, a professor at the Department of Psychology at the University of Virginia, told reporters，Although repeatability is important，However, systematic replication of published bet365 games findings，In various disciplines，The repeatability rates are lower than expected。This raises concerns，i.e., common practices in bet365 games may lead to evidence being exaggerated，Thereby reducing the credibility of published bet365 games results。

By mining for “replicable findings”，Science allows people to gradually understand the world，Create connections between existing knowledge and new knowledge。Professor Stefan Schmid of the Technical University of Berlin in Germany once discussed related issues from a theoretical perspective。He said，Replication is one of the most important tools for verifying facts in empirical science。There are many opinions about the meaning of repetition and related procedures，But in the academic world at that time (2009)，Relevant systematic literature is quite scarce。In daily work of social science bet365 games，Theoretical needs regarding duplication are less satisfied，Some requirements are difficult to meet in terms of feasibility，Other needs are limited by publishing factors。"Repetition" can establish connections between existing knowledge and new knowledge，To do this，The concept of "repetition" must be properly handled，Apply clearly and systematically，Explore its full potential。

Sunday Samson Babalola, professor of human resources management at Walter Sisulu University in South Africa and others believe，Social science bet365 games practice faces many challenges，Including misconduct、Publication bias、The gap between theory and practice、Methodological challenges and insufficient replication studies，Proper handling mechanisms are needed to deal with these challenges，Achieving the expected goal of knowledge production。Among them，Reproducibility refers to the ability of other researchers to use data from existing bet365 games results to obtain the same findings，The results of a study can be considered credible、Basic conditions for rich information，Replicating a study means collecting and analyzing data to determine whether the new study provides, in whole or in part, the same results as the earlier study，Is the decisive criterion for judging scientific achievements。

Babalola et al. also mentioned the correlation between different challenges。One of the basic characteristics of science is self-correction，By identifying and correcting errors in published bet365 games results，The long-term operation of scientific methods ensures the convergence of correct theories，Publication bias may have an adverse impact on duplication of bet365 games, etc.，Thus hindering this process。Repetition is of considerable value in theoretical development，It requires researchers to disclose bet365 games materials，Therefore，It has the function of correcting publication bias of existing bet365 games results and improving bet365 games transparency。Although replication is essential to ensure the validity of the findings，But it has not been fully implemented at the practical level，The reasons for this gap，There are different assumptions in academia。One explanation points to the pressure on social science bet365 games to demonstrate originality。Academic publishers and bet365 games funding agencies prefer to support pioneering bet365 games，It is difficult for repeated bet365 games to be recognized by journals or funding agencies。It can be seen from this，Social science journals need to improve their acceptance of replication studies，And founded、Improving academic journals focusing on such issues，To promote the development of social science bet365 games。

　　High levels of “bet365 games” can be achieved

Recently，By United States、Canada、Sweden、A team composed of scientific researchers from Germany and other countries has made positive progress in repeatability bet365 games。Jon Krosnick, a professor at Stanford University in the United States, introduced to this reporter，They found out，When doing best practices，Higher replication rates can be observed in the study。This provides scientists with great prospects，i.e. high levels of repeatability are achievable。Nosek said，Replication is testing the same bet365 games question using new data，Reproducibility is the test of whether performing the same analysis on the same data will produce the same results as before。Replicability is important in bet365 games。When we believe we have discovered a pattern，If the necessary conditions are met，There should be a chance to observe this pattern again。If we cannot specify the necessary conditions for observing the same pattern again，You will lose confidence in discovering patterns。There are currently some problematic practices in academia，For example，Some researchers are committed to capturing the positive by、Novel results to be published in the paper、Awards in the form of bet365 games grants and job positions，Instead of being strict、Reproducible bet365 games。Rewards based on bet365 games results become an incentive to ignore negative results，Enables researchers to “cut corners” in rigor，and engage in questionable bet365 games practices that undermine reliability and credibility。According to Nosek，His bet365 games team conducted prospective replication studies in multiple laboratories，The desire to maintain rigor from discovery to independent replication。This involves some specific measures，For example，Promote a high degree of accountability，Let participating laboratories know that their findings will be replicated；Use large samples to refine estimates；Pre-register study design and analysis plans to eliminate bias in ignoring null results，And clarify the content of the advance plan and the information obtained afterwards；Share materials and protocols between laboratories for efficient reproducible bet365 games。

After taking the above steps，Nosek et al. observed a significant improvement in reproducibility。In his opinion，This shows，Achieving high levels of repeatability is possible。They hope to conduct further exploration in the future，Determine which factors are the greatest contributors to improving bet365 games reproducibility。The Center for Open Science, where Nosek works, provides free services to researchers，To improve the openness of its bet365 games、Rigor and reproducibility。For example，Pass Free、The open source "Open Science Framework" provides collaborative management services，Support pre-registration、Management of data and materials during bet365 games、Archiving and Sharing of Data and Materials、Sharing of preprints and other outputs during the bet365 games process, etc.。

　　Looking at applied replication bet365 games from the perspective of “slow science”

“Repeated crises” may bring more than just anxiety，People can also regard this as an important opportunity for the academic community and even human society to discuss how to improve trust in science。Proposed by Yuki Yamada, Associate Professor, College of Arts and Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan，Traditional attitudes toward positive results have clouded bet365 games，People should change the inherent thinking mode that "discovering positive results equals victory" that is prevalent in the scientific community。He made two suggestions for improving the transparency of bet365 games practices。The first suggestion is to maximize the promotion of pre-registration，Make it mandatory。This would shift the value of pre-registration from defining whether the bet365 games is ethical，Shift to a clearer distinction between theoretical and empirical work by studying manifestations of transparency。If all studies are pre-registered，Then the ethics of a study is not governed by preregistration itself，Pre-registration makes it more difficult to be “cracked”。The second suggestion relates to pre-registered successor mode，Yamada Yuki proposed an innovative idea - theoretical and empirical elements do not need to coexist in the same paper。In other words，Some scholars can write a paper covering only theoretical arguments，Evaluate the validity of the theory and whether appropriate hypotheses have been formed；Other scholars can write a paper focusing only on empirical material，And carry out corresponding experiments and analysis to verify。In his opinion，Such a division of bet365 games labor will help remove barriers to pre-registration practice，Promote birth more naturally、Easier to perform repeated bet365 games。Also，For papers focusing on empirical material，Can be repeated without pre-registration。If the second suggestion is implemented，The “need” to engage in questionable bet365 games practices and bet365 games misconduct will decrease。When producing positive results is no longer the criterion by which researchers are judged，The “positive results first” attitude is also expected to be abandoned by the scientific community。

At the level of conceptual change，An idea worth paying attention to is “slow science”。After examining the premature application of attachment theory in an immature state，Marinus H, Emeritus Professor, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University, the Netherlands.Von Igerdorn (Marinus H. Van IJzendoorn) et al.，Not only are there not many repeated studies，And when relevant bet365 games results are published，Often no one cares about it。Reproducibility is necessary for responsible translation of scientific findings into policy and practice。The intertwining of repetition crises and transformation deficits is a disturbing phenomenon，To meet this challenge，The importance of values ​​cannot be ignored。From a “slow science” perspective，When the bet365 games results in a certain field are not yet mature，It may be premature to make suggestions or objections to a certain guideline for social life。People should avoid excessive use of slogans，Because these slogans turn complex scientific debates into one-dimensional、Misleading “caricature”。The lessons from the biomedical field are，Premature translation of exploratory bet365 games results may lead to unforeseen iatrogenic side effects。Ethical discourse is not the exclusive right of researchers，Producing ethical discourse on the translation of bet365 games results into policy or clinical practice requires the joint efforts of all parties。However，This does not necessarily mean some radical turn。For example，At all stages of the bet365 games cycle including data analysis，Let social participants and researchers be on an equal footing。Professional knowledge、The division of responsibilities and tasks is crucial to ensuring the quality of collaborative bet365 games，In collaborative bet365 games, everyone’s contribution is equal but not equal。

Repeated core propositions can serve as key clues for transforming theory into policy and practice。However，Although reproducible findings are necessary，But it may not be enough to move it from science to application。Bridging the gap between repetition and conversion、The gap between “is” and “should be”，There is also a need for open communication between academics and bet365 games participants and the public involved in bet365 games。