In recent years，"Repeat crisis" says that not only plagued first -line researchers、Editor in academic journal editors and other academic practitioners，and challenged the public’s authority for science、The significance of scientific research and the overall trust of its conclusion reliability，This reporter has reported this issue。With the deepening of the report，Reporter found，Is the research results "repeated" not only involved technical problems such as academic norms or release standards，and involve theory and practice、Theoretical research and empirical analysis、Basic research and results transformation and other fundamental and even strategic problems。The deep problems implied under the appearance of "repeat crisis" and how to solve related problems，The reporter of this newspaper interviewed foreign scholars engaged in related research。

　　Bet365 lotto review

According to the official website of St. Barbara Branch of the University of California，About 20 years ago，A "liquidation" that has published literature in the field of social behavior science, especially the field of psychology, set off a trend of reflection in the academic world。At that time，Several large -scale studies attempts to repeat the previous research results show，or it cannot be achieved，Or can only repeat it at the level of level that is much smaller than the original。This makes the relevant research results and the credibility of the subsequent social behavior science research are questioned。Professor Brian Nosek, a professor at the University of Virginia, told reporters，Although the repetitiveness is important，But the system repeated research discovery of the published research results，In various disciplines，The repetition rate can be lower than expected。This caused people's concerns，bet365 Play online games That is, the common practices in research may cause evidence to be exaggerated，Then reduce the credibility of the results of the research results。

"Replicable Findings" by excavating，Science allows people to gradually understand this world，Establish a contact for existing knowledge and new knowledge。Professor Stefan Schmid of Berlin University of Technology, Germany, once explored related issues from the theoretical perspective。He said，Repeating is one of the most important tools for verifying facts in empirical science。There are many ways to repeat the meaning and related procedures，But in the academic community at the time (2009)，Related systemic literature is quite scarce。In the daily work of social science research，Repeated theoretical needs are less satisfied，It is difficult to meet some needs in terms of feasibility，and other needs are limited by publishing factors。"Repeated" can establish a contact for existing knowledge and new knowledge，To do this，It is necessary to properly handle the concept of "repeat"，Use clearly and systematically，Fully excavate its potential。

Sandy Samson Babalola, a professor of human resources management at the University of Walter Susulu, South Africa, believes，Social Science Research Practice is facing many aspects of challenges，Including unexplained behavior、Post bias、The gap between theory and practice、Method Theory Challenge and inadequate research，Need to properly handle the mechanism to respond to these challenges，The expected goal of achieving knowledge production。where，Repeatedness refers to the ability of other researchers to use the data of existing research results，It can be regarded as a trusted research result、Basic conditions with rich information，Repeated research means collecting and analyzing data to determine whether the new research can provide all or part of the result with the same results as early research，It is the decisive standard for judging the scientific achievements。

Babarola and others also mentioned the connection between different challenges。One of the basic features bet365 best casino games of science is self -correction，Error of the results of the research results through identification and correction，The scientific method of long -term operation guarantees the convergence of the correct theory，Publishing bias may have an adverse effect on repeated research，This process is hindered to this process。Repeated value in theoretical development，It requires scientific researchers to openly study materials，So，The role of correction of existing research results and the role of improving research transparency。Although repeated is important to ensure the effectiveness of the research results，But did not be fully implemented at the practical level，For the cause of this gap，There are different assumptions in the academic community。One of the explanations pointing to the pressure of social science research to show its originality。Academic publishers and research funding institutions are biased towards support for startup research，Repeated research is rare for the recognition of journals or funding agencies。This can be seen，Social science journals need to increase acceptance of repeated research，Create、Improve academic journals focusing on such problems，To promote the development of social scientific research。

　　High -level "repeat" can be achieved

Recent，from the United States、Canada、Sweden、The team composed of scientific researchers from Germany and other countries has made positive progress in duplicate achievement research。Professor Jon Krosnick, a professor at Stanford University in the United States, told this reporter，They found，When the best practice is performed，You can observe a higher duplicate rate。This provides a beautiful prospect for scientists，That is, the high -level repetitiveness is possible to be able to reach。Nortarick said，Replication (replication) is the use of new data testing the same research problem，Reproducibility is to test whether the same data will analyze the same data whether it will produce the same result。Replicability is important in research。When we believe that we Bet365 lotto review have found a law，If the necessary conditions are met，It deserves the opportunity to observe this law again。If we cannot explicitly point out the necessary conditions for observing the same law again，I will lose confidence in discovering the law。At present, there are some problems with the academic community，For example，Some researchers are committed to capturing positive、Novel results to get published in the dissertation、Research funding and job rewards，instead of strictness、Repeated research。Reward based on research results becomes motivation to ignore negative results，Make researchers "cut corners"，Suspicious research practice that destructs reliability and credibility。According to Nortarick Introduction，His research team conducted forward -looking repeated research in multiple laboratories，I hope that from obtaining discovery to independent repetition can remain rigorous and meticulous。This involves some specific measures，For example，Implement a high accountability system，Let the laboratory involved in the research know that its discovery will be repeated; a large number of precise estimation results are used; pre -registration of research design and analysis plans to eliminate prejudice of neglect invalid results，and clarify the content of the plan and the information obtained afterwards; shared materials and protocols between the laboratory for effective repeated research。

After taking the above approach，Nortarick and others observed the significant increase in duplication rate。In his opinion，This indicates，Repeating that reaches high levels of repetitiveness is possible。They hope to further explore in the future，To determine which factor is the biggest contributor to improve the repetitive research。The Open Science Center where Nosek is located provides researchers with free services，to improve the openness of its research、Rigidity and repeatability。For example，Taking free、Open source "Open Science Framework" provides collaborative management services，Support Bet365 lotto review pre -annotation、Management of data and materials during the research process、Data and materials archive and share、Sharing of other outputs in the process of pre -printing and research。

　　Review application repeated research from the perspective of "slow science"

"Repeated Crisis" may bring not just anxiety，People can also regard them as an important opportunity for the academic world and even human society to discuss how to improve the trust of science。Associate Professor Yamada Yamada, an associate professor at the School of Arts and Sciences of Kyushu University in Japan, proposed，The traditional attitude of pursuing positive results makes research covered with a layer of fog，People should change the inherent thinking mode of "discovering positive results equal to victory" in the scientific community。He put forward two suggestions on improving the transparency of research and practice。The first suggestion is to maximize the pre -registration，Make it a compulsory system。This will make the pre -registration value from defining whether the research is in line with ethics，Transformation to more clearly distinguish between theoretical work and empirical work through research transparency performance。If all research is pre -register，Then the ethics of a study is not dominated by the pre -registration itself，Pre -annotation is even more difficult to be "cracked"。The second suggestion is related to the successor mode of the pre -register，Yamada Yugui proposed an innovative idea -theoretical and empirical elements do not need to coexist in the same paper。That is to say，Some scholars can write a paper covering only theoretical argument，The effectiveness of the evaluation theory and whether it has formed proper assumptions; other scholars can write a paper that focuses only on empirical materials，and conduct corresponding experiments and analysis for inspection。In his opinion，This research division of labor will help to remove obstacles faced by pre -annotation practice，Promoting more natural、Repeated research bet365 live casino games on more operating。other，Papers focusing on empirical materials，You can repeat it without pre -registration。If the second suggestion can be achieved，"Demand" that has problems with problems and research and unreasonable behaviors will be reduced。When the active result of the output is no longer the standard for researchers to be judged，The attitude of "positive results first" is also expected to be abandoned by the scientific community。

At the level of conceptual change，A concept worthy of attention is "Slow Science"。After examining the premature application of the theory of attachment in immature,，Professor Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn, Professor of the School of Social and Behavior Sciences, School of Social and Behavior Sciences at the University of Social and Behavior Sciences at the School of Social and Behavior Sciences of the University of Irassus.，Not only does not repeat the study without much research，And when the relevant research results are published，often no one asks。Repeatability is the necessary condition for transforming scientific discovery into policies and practices responsibly。Repeating crisis and the interwoven mutual interweaving are a disturbing phenomenon，To cope with this challenge，The importance of values ​​cannot be ignored。The importance of values ​​cannot be ignored，When the research results in a certain field are not mature，Put forward a suggestion or objections to guiding social life may be too early。People should avoid excessive use of slogans，Because these slogans have turned complex scientific debates into one -dimensional、misleading "comics"。The lesson in the field of biomedical is，Premature transformation of exploratory research results may lead to unpredictable medical source side effects。Ethics is not a exclusive right to researchers，Ethical discourse on the transformation of research results into policies or clinical practice requires the joint efforts of all parties。But，This does not necessarily mean a certain aggressive steering。For example，All stages of the research cycle including data analysis，bet365 best casino games Let social participants and researchers "sit and flat"。Professional、The division of responsibilities and tasks is important for ensuring the quality of cooperation research，The contribution of each person in the cooperative research is equal rather than equal。

Repeated core propositions can be used as a key clue to the theoretical transformation into policies and practice。But，Although repeated discoveries are necessary，But it may not be enough to make it move from science to application。The gap between repeated and conversion、The gap between "How" and "How should"，It also needs an open exchange of academic circles and research participants and research related to the public。