bet365 online sports betting mobile newspaper’s comprehensive foreign media reports Recently，Kunihiko Kaneko, professor of biological complexity at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and Kenji Itao, multidisciplinary science doctoral candidate at the Department of Basic Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan, built a quantitative Model，Explain how gift giving shapes different bet365 online sports betting mobile structures。Researcher said，Competitive interaction of gift giving drives bet365 online sports betting mobile change，The frequency and scope determine the changes in bet365 online sports betting mobile organizational structure。Relevant research results have been published in the journal "PLoS Complex Systems"。

In the development process of human history，The bet365 online sports betting mobile organizational structure has experienced from groups to tribes、The transformation from chiefdom to kingdom。The academic community has not yet formed a unified definition of the quantitative characteristics of bet365 online sports betting mobile organization types and their change mechanisms。In addition，Anthropologist observed，Gift giving is a common phenomenon in many traditional societies，It can not only improve one’s bet365 online sports betting mobile status，And an obligation relationship is established between people through the principle of reciprocity。This phenomenon has important academic value for understanding bet365 online sports betting mobile organizational structure and interpersonal relationships。

Kaneko and Itao’s competitive gift model explains how gifts bring goods to the recipient，Brings reputation to the giver，and simulates transitions between bet365 online sports betting mobile stages。Research also shows how competitive gift giving produces socioeconomic differences in wealth and reputation characterized by a power law distribution。Power law distribution is a statistical distribution pattern，Some of these events occur very frequently，And the impact is significant，While most other events occur rarely。This concept is key to understanding natural and bet365 online sports betting mobile phenomena，For example, wealth distribution、Website visits、Number of citations，Because it reveals that interconnected nodes tend to have highly unequal connection distribution。

Kaneko and Itao through numerical simulation method，Discover the characteristics of wealth and reputation in four different stages of bet365 online sports betting mobile organization and the transformation between them。These stages are group stages with no economic or bet365 online sports betting mobile differences；Tribal stage with economic differences but no bet365 online sports betting mobile differences；The chiefdom stage with both economic and bet365 online sports betting mobile differences；Except one outlier (Monarch)，Kingdom stage in which economic differences are obvious but bet365 online sports betting mobile differences are weak。

Kaneko and Itao identify salient features of strong economic or bet365 online sports betting mobile disparities in their models that often appear in the form of power-law distributions，This distribution characteristic is mainly caused by the process of "the rich get richer"。If the process of “the rich get richer” does not occur，will bring about random fluctuations (unpredictable in the data、Exponential distribution that appears due to irregular changes or differences。The exponential distribution is a continuous probability distribution，Used to describe the time interval between independent random events occurring within a certain period of time。This distribution assumes that events occur at a constant average rate，And each event is independent of each other。

Research also found，The stage of bet365 online sports betting mobile organization is not only affected by the pattern of wealth distribution，Also depends on parameters describing the frequency and size of gift interactions。In other words，The distribution pattern of wealth and reputation scores can quantify the different stages of bet365 online sports betting mobile organizations。In the group stage，Wealth and reputation are both exponential distributions。In tribal phase，Only wealth distribution follows a power law distribution。In the chiefdom stage，Wealth and reputation are both power law distributions。In Kingdom Stage，Except for the outlier like the monarch，The score distribution of all individuals is exponential distribution。

This study demonstrates the characteristics of the degree of economic and bet365 online sports betting mobile differences in four different stages of bet365 online sports betting mobile organization，And confirmed that travel group society has less socioeconomic inequality than other types。bet365 online sports betting mobile inequality is also a key factor that distinguishes chiefdoms from kingdoms，The monarch is a special case in this distribution。Kanako and Itao hope that the competitive gift model is guided by bet365 online sports betting mobile science theory，Can provide basic explanations for changes in bet365 online sports betting mobile organizations，And integrated with other theories in bet365 online sports betting mobile science。

(Liu Yuwei/Compiled)