bet365 live casino newspaper comprehensively reports from foreign media The European bet365 live casino left no written records，Archaeologists can only infer people’s daily life and economic activities at that time through cultural relics。Not long ago，Nicola Ialongo, a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Prehistory and Early History at the University of Göttingen, Germany, and Giancarlo Lago, a researcher at the Department of Economics at the University of Bologna, Italy, published in Nature —In the paper "Human Behavior"，Provides new insights into metal hoards in bet365 live casino Europe，And said that the economic life of Europeans in the bet365 live casino may be similar to that of modern people。And two associate professors in the School of Archeology and Anthropology at the Australian National University, Catherine J.Freeman (Catherine J. Frieman) and Caroline Schuster posted an article on the "Dialogue" website explaining their views on the article，Remind scholars to be cautious when using mainstream economic theories (such as monetary concepts) to interpret ancient economic activities。

Freeman and Schuster said，The practice of burying large amounts of metal products underground was widespread in the bet365 live casino in Europe。Although these metal products vary in quantity、Various forms，But together they reflect the close connections across bet365 live casino Europe，Highlights the important value of bronze products in this geographical area。About the motives of Europeans for burying large quantities of metal products，Archaeologists have been discussing this for decades，There are many hypotheses。For example，Is this related to religious rituals？Are valuables deliberately destroyed in order to narrow the social wealth gap？It’s fake waste hidden in turbulent times，Store as spare metal processing materials？

Archaeologists generally believe that，The flow of metals in the bet365 live casino was mainly controlled by the ritual master、Controlled by tribal leaders or other elites，It may also be controlled by them。The needs and influence of these people in the ruling class of society，Plays a decisive role in the distribution and utilization of metal resources。Ialongo and Lago think so，Ordinary people also played a key role in promoting increased connectivity in Europe and the circulation of metal goods。They analyzed from Italy、Switzerland、Austria、Nearly 25,000 European bet365 live casino metal hoarding objects from Slovenia and Germany，Discovered over time，A standardized weight system is gradually forming，Widely shared by bet365 live casino Europeans。Small bronze items of standard weight may be used by ordinary people as equivalents in daily transactions。

Freeman and Schuster question whether bet365 live casino Europeans used money for transactions like modern humans。They think，Admittedly，Early before 2300 BC，Bronze wares across Europe have shown a trend of standardization。Take the dagger as an example，Although their uses vary in different regions，But the appearance is surprisingly similar。Archaeologists speculate，This standardization stems from shared religious rituals and an interest in long-distance travel。However，This pursuit of standardized form and standardized weight of metal，Does it point to the bud of the early monetary system？If it is true，Does this mean that the economic activities of bet365 live casino Europeans were similar to those of modern Europeans？These issues still need further discussion。

Different societies and eras have many different interpretations of the nature and role of currency。Most modern economists value the function of currency as a medium of exchange，Emphasis on the importance of market transactions。Some scholars also proposed the "voucher" theory，Believe that the main function of money is to serve as a unit of account，Mainly used to track key bet365 live casino activities，Such as gift exchange、Debt settlement、Tributes and sacrifices, etc.。Freeman and Schuster think，Although there seems to be little difference between the two monetary concepts，In fact, it reflects fundamental differences。

How archaeologists should identify and apply different monetary concepts，To more accurately reflect the political and economic conditions of ancient society？Some archaeologists and anthropologists suggest starting with the bet365 live casino and technological implications of material tokens，Thinking about the role of money in society。Ialongo and Largo think，Discovery of standardized counting units reveals the existence of exchange systems，Further confirmation of the existence of the market。However，This begs the question: does the standardization of metals simply mean that metals have exchange value？

Freeman and Schuster said，Non-metallic items can also be circulated over long distances，And may have a rather complex exchange system。Archaeological evidence shows，Wool、Fur and textiles were also valuable items in the European bet365 live casino，Is an important medium for long-distance circulation。In addition，Standardizing the form and weight of metals involves more than just social cohesion and economic activity。For example，bet365 live casino craftsmen needed precise control of copper、tin、Antimony、Proportions of different metals such as lead，To make bronze that can be used for complex processes。Although archaeologists do not yet fully understand the relevant process，But Sumerian documents from the same period indicate，Sumerian craftsmen did achieve this precise control by weighing。

Freeman and Schuster think，Overemphasis on the exchange role of money in the economic life of ordinary people in bet365 live casino Europe，May cause other features of the currency to be ignored。Think of money as an accounting tool，Consider standardization as a technical means，It helps archaeologists gain a deeper understanding of the real living conditions of ordinary people at that time。

(bet365 live casino/Compiled)