General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his congratulatory letter to the 100th anniversary bet365 live casino login discovery of Yangshao culture and the birth of modern Chinese archeology，100 years，Three generations of archaeologists have made a difficult journey、Remitting efforts，A series of major archaeological discoveries were made，Shows the origin of Chinese civilization、Development context、Brilliant achievements and significant contributions to world civilization，To better understand the long history、The extensive and profound Chinese civilization has played an important role。

With the excavation bet365 live casino login Yangshao Village ruins in Mianchi, Henan by Swedish archaeologist Anderson in 1921，The beginning of modern archeology in China。

Based on the importance and representativeness bet365 live casino login Yangshao Village site，Archaeologists then named the archaeological culture in the middle reaches bet365 live casino login Yellow River between 7000 and 5000 years ago as the Yangshao Culture。100 years，Major archaeological discoveries of Yangshao Culture continue to come out，Xi’an Banpo、Lintong Jiangzhai、Gansu Dadiwan、Miaodigou, Shaanxi County、Zhengzhou Dahe Village、Lingbao Beiyangping settlement group and the newly discovered Gongyi Shuanghuai tree and other sites，Expanding people’s understanding and imagination of ancient painted pottery civilization。It can be said，The longest research period among Chinese prehistoric cultures、The most abundant academic achievements are Yangshao culture。

The most fascinating bet365 live casino login Yangshao cultural relics，The pattern is definitely mysterious、Painted pottery with random lines。Early Chinese Civilization，First to be illuminated by the simple luster of pottery。They are ancient human wisdom、The crystallization of art and thought，Is the key to opening Yangshao culture，It is a mirror that glimpses early society。Among the many Yangshao cultural sites，The painted pottery unearthed from Hongshan Temple in Ruzhou, Henan is the most dazzling，It is a major discovery in the archeology of Yangshao culture。The largest painted pottery urn and coffin tomb bet365 live casino login Yangshao Culture was discovered in Hongshan Temple so far，About 5500 years ago。There are many kinds of patterns painted on the urns and coffins、Extensive content，It is a unique relic among the Yangshao cultural sites in my country。

From the perspective of cultural phenomena after various archaeological discoveries，The area where Hongshan Temple is located dates back to the Miaodigou type period 5,500 years ago，Society has entered a period of great cultural development、Great prosperity stage。And our observation of Yangshao painted pottery in Hongshan Temple，Not only the continuation of Yangshao cultural tradition research，It is also a reflection and review bet365 live casino login century-old history of Chinese archeology，It is an inspection and calibration bet365 live casino login source of Chinese civilization。

　　Earth-shattering: The mysterious bet365 live casino login

The Hongshan Temple ruins are located about 2 meters northeast of Ruzhou City, Henan Province.5 kilometers southeast of Hongshanmiao Village, Qiling Township。Autumn 1989，Archaeological workers discovered the site while cooperating with the archaeological survey bet365 live casino login Jiaozhi Railway double line，And the Yangshao Culture Urn Coffin Tomb was excavated。Actually，The discovery bet365 live casino login large urn coffin tomb in Hongshan Temple was an accident。The archaeological excavation was initially carried out in the construction area of ​​the double track bet365 live casino login railway in the eastern part bet365 live casino login site based on the drilling conditions。When cleaning up the exploration strata，A large number of villagers gathered around the construction site to watch；Seeing that in the past few days, only some red pottery pieces like "tile dregs" have been cleaned up，Enthusiasts immediately provided important clues to the “complete earthen jar”。Under guidance，The archaeological team discovered multiple complete "Yichuan jars" (named "Yichuan jars" because this type of adult urn coffin was first discovered at the Tumen site in Yichuan, Henan)，Thus it is judged that this area should be a distribution area of ​​Yangshao urn coffin burials，And reorganize the excavation with this area as the center，The remains of a large-scale urn and coffin tomb in Yangshao, which shocked the academic world, were discovered。its discovery，Received great attention from domestic academic circles，Due to its importance，Soon to be included in "Chinese Archeology·Neolithic Age Volume"。

This tomb (numbered M1) has a length of 6.30 meters、Width 3.50 meters，It is the earliest one discovered in our country、The largest tomb with urns and coffins。A total of 136 urns and coffins were unearthed from the tomb，Divided into 13 rows，About 16 seats per row；Concentrations of 3-5 groups can be observed inside each row。Among them，The tomb has been partially destroyed by modern water canals，If preserved completely, the burial size can reach 200 people。The urn and coffin used as burial equipment are clay red pottery large-mouthed jars，Each tank is about fifty or sixty centimeters high，With cover，There are 3-5 独 under the rim bet365 live casino login cover and the cylinder，So that it can be fastened up and down，Place human bones securely。Place one person in each tank，Skull in center，Pelvis、The limb bones stand vertically against the skull，ribs、The vertebrae are placed in the lower part (Picture 1)。

Hongshan Temple M1 is not only the largest urn and coffin tomb in Yangshao Culture，He is also the master of Yangshao painted pottery art。After sorting and cleaning the urn and coffin cultural relics，We found these urn coffins with thick calcified soil when they were first unearthed，Almost every one is painted with huge painted pottery patterns。This batch of urn coffins is made of black processed pottery、白、Red and other natural minerals are painted into decorative patterns，Repolished，Finally fired in the kiln。Painted patterns after baking，Closely combined with Tao Yi，Not suitable for peeling。Besides painting，Three-dimensional animals also appear on the urn and coffin、People, etc. or images related to totems，Like a bird sculpted on the lid、Bear，And a small number of pottery jars with sculptures or lizards carved on their upper abdomens。Ru pottery jar W46:1 has a lizard with its head facing upwards carved on its upper abdomen，Body length 14 cm，Oblate head，Rectangular body，Hoshio，The limbs are symmetrically bent on the wall bet365 live casino login vessel，As if trying to catch prey (Picture 2 W46:1 1、2）。There are also characters、Text symbols, etc. (Figure 3 W97: 1 1、2）。

These painted patterns and sculptural animals、Discovery of characters，Highlighting the cultural value of Hongshan Temple ruins。Judging from the content bet365 live casino login painting，Hongshan Temple painted pottery paintings and Yangshao culture Banpo type fish pattern、Miaodigou type geometric pattern、The bird pattern has a significant difference，Exhibit cultural uniqueness，Outline the unique picture bet365 live casino login Central Plains painted pottery culture。

　　Wide range of everything: rich colorful bet365 live casino login

Many urns and coffins in Hongshan Temple M1 are decorated with painted patterns，The content bet365 live casino login painting is very rich，Can be roughly divided into human bodies、Animals、Mythical stories、Five types of tools and celestial bodies (sun and moon)。

　　First, the human body bet365 live casino login. (1) Overall portrait。Two types of scoring: one is a nude figure that is a combination of painting and stenciling，One is a clay figure figure。Pottery Urn Picture 4 W39: 1 There is a pattern that combines sculpture and painting in the middle bet365 live casino login belly，Painted as a frontal human figure，Squat with legs bent，Dirty belly，Mutilated head and upper limbs；The plastic part is located under the lower abdomen bet365 live casino login figure，Made of clay strips and plastic molding，Should be male genitals。(Picture 4 W39:1) The painted human figures on the pottery jars of Hongshan Temple also show similar compositional intentions to the naked gods and figures on the bronzes bet365 live casino login Shang Dynasty。Shang Dynasty bronze drum collected in Izumiya Museum, Japan，The god in the center bet365 live casino login drum is also squatting frontally，Nude，Hands raised；Similar images of gods and men are also found in the Sanxingdui ruins in Sichuan。There is a painted image on the other side bet365 live casino login pottery jar，The bottom is nearly square，The top part is broken，It may also be a naked humanoid，Just more abstract。Ceramic vat W82: 1 also has a clay figure on the outside，No painting，Only legs and feet remain。Actually，Nude figures are often recorded in ancient Chinese literature，For example, "Han Feizi" has disheveled hair in ancient times、Naked people are called gods or spirits。

(2) Partial image bet365 live casino login human body。More expressions of limbs and eyes。Pottery Urn W104: 1 The painted pattern on the upper abdomen is shownshape，The left side is a square with rounded corners，Four broad parallel lines extending from the right side，Should be an expanded "hand" shape。It can be seen from the partially empty gap between the palm and fingers，This pattern should be after the ancestors formed the pottery jar，It is made by applying brown paint on the palm of your hand and pressing it on the outer wall bet365 live casino login pottery jar (Figure 5 W104: 1)。Ceramic Urn W23: 1 The painted pattern on the abdomen is incomplete，Only the lower part remains。Image bottom flat，Arc top，A flat circle in the middle，Should be human eyes。Eye images are occasionally found in archaeological remains in early China。There is one on the right side bet365 live casino login lower abdomen bet365 live casino login turtle plastron of Peiligang Culture at Wuyang Jiahu SiteShape engraved symbol，It is the earliest eye pattern seen in archaeological excavations。A number of diamond-shaped eye-shaped vessels and cloud-shaped eye-shaped ornaments were also unearthed from the No. 2 sacrificial pit at the Sanxingdui site in Sichuan，Lifelike；The same bronze human mask highlights the eyes；The sacrificial inscriptions on the jade vessels also contain the word "目"。Infer this，The bet365 live casino login eye pattern on the pottery vat of Hongshan Temple should also have a certain religious meaning。

　　Second, animal bet365 live casino login.Hongshan Temple culture shows the characteristics of Yangshao culture and river civilization，Painted animal patterns are mostly related to water。(1) Crocodile pattern (dragon pattern)。Ceramic Urn W128: 1 The belly is polished，Paint a wide band of white color for one week，Use dark brown color as white color to outline，Draw two sets of patterns in the middle，Symmetrically distributed on both sides bet365 live casino login pottery。Each group consists of a crocodile and a diagonal dot pattern。The crocodile head is made into an oblate shape，The body is oval，Composed of four short arcs，Longer thin tail，limbs bent against the wall，Four claws separated；There is a long slash on the left front，There is a dot at the top。On some bronzes from the Shang Dynasty，Dragon and crocodile patterns often appear at the same time，Interchangeable；It may be inferred that the crocodile pattern on W128:1 is also related to dragons，is the earliest painted dragon pattern in China (Figure 6 W128:1 1、2）。Coincidentally，Pottery jar W54:1 has a dragon pattern painted in white on its lower abdomen，Only one foot remains，For three claws。This shows that the ancestors of Hongshan Temple had already begun to deify the crocodile into a magical animal。

(2) Salamander pattern (salam fish pattern)。Newtfish，Scientific name Giant Salamander，During the breeding season，Always chirping，Sound like a baby crying，So it is called "Bayu"。bet365 live casino login salamander patterns were found on three urn coffins at the Hongshan Temple site。Ceramic Urn W10: 1 There are three sets of patterns on the abdomen，Two per group，Shape、Basically the same size，Both worksshape。Each front end is nearly oval，For the head bet365 live casino login giant salamander，Seems to be chirping loudly；The back end is curled，The tail is slightly pointed，Should be the body of a giant salamander；The protruding part below the front end should be the front claw bet365 live casino login giant salamander。The whole set of patterns should show two heads facing each other、The giant salamander with a curved body (Picture 7 W10:1)。Ceramic Urn W116: 1 in the pattern on the outer wall，exceptimage，There is also a stripe pattern around the outside，Looks like a container for holding giant salamanders (Figure 8 W116: 1 1、2）。Ceramic jar W53:1 Only the head bet365 live casino login giant salamander is left in the pattern on the outer wall。On the urn coffin of Hongshan Templeimage，The heads of Pisces are facing each other、Expression format of counterrotating composition，This may be the beginning bet365 live casino login formation bet365 live casino login yin and yang fish in the Tai Chi diagram。

(3) Fish pattern。Research shows，In the Miaodigou Culture painted pottery classification system，Fish patterns occupy a very important position。Only a small number of fish patterns are realistic patterns，Most of them are abstract or completely geometric patterns。The leaf pattern widely popular in Miaodigou Culture、Petal pattern、Arc triangle pattern、Diamond pattern、Disc-shaped patterns and dotted circles, etc.，Most bet365 live casino login fish patterns are disassembled and reassembled。Pottery Urn W31: 1 The abdomen is decorated with red color as the base and a wide band，Outline with black color。Three groups of main patterns are drawn in the red ribbon，Each group has a big arc，A hooked leaf pattern is painted inside，The upper end is connected to the top black hook line，The lower end is connected to the arc triangle pattern in the middle，Arc triangular pattern with two dots on the upper and lower sides，There is also a dot in front bet365 live casino login hooked leaf pattern，Opposite to the dot under the arc triangular pattern，An almost closed circle is connected behind it，Decorated with a dot in the middle (Figure 9 W31:1)。Pottery vat W33: 1 also has three groups of patterns painted on its belly，All are mutilated。Smooth out the lines bet365 live casino login pattern first，Use white color as the base，It is outlined with a black line，Draw a symmetrical arc pattern in the middle、polka dot pattern、Small boxes, etc.。This kind of arc triangle pattern、Striped pattern composed of dots or dotted circles，Exactly the fish pattern head structure、Full abstract pattern。

　　Third, fairy tales.(1) Golden Crow Negative Sun。Pottery vat W84: 1 The middle part bet365 live casino login belly is painted in dark brownshaped pattern。There are three animals in this pattern，Birds on both sides，Long neck，Raise your head high，Legs tilted，Paws on the ground，Short tail upturned；The animal in the middle carries a circle on its back，Short tail downward slope，Strong legs，Should be the divine bird carrying the sun，That is, the "Golden Crow negative sun" (Figure 10 W84: 1 1、2）。The two birds on both sides bet365 live casino login Golden Crow，It is in the form of guarding and protecting the golden crow carrying the sun in the middle。Such patterns were also found on a piece of painted pottery from H165 in Quanhu Village, Hua County。It can be seen from this，The legend and image representation of "The Golden Crow Negates the Sun" can be traced back to at least the Yangshao Cultural Period。There are also many related records in ancient documents，"The Classic of Mountains and Seas: The Eastern Classic of Great Wilderness" says: "There are buttresses on the Tang Valley，One day to arrive，One day only，All in Wu”；Qu Yuan recorded in "Tianwen": "Comes from Tanggu，Second to Meng Si；Self-evidence and obscurity，How many miles traveled？......Yi Yanbi Day？Wuyan Jieyu？”In the distant prehistoric era，Human beings cannot yet glimpse the sun、month、The laws and truth about the movement of stars and other celestial bodies，The reasons for sunrise and sunset cannot be scientifically explained，So we use imagination and intuition to understand and interpret the natural phenomena around us，Describe the universe and world imagined by our ancestors。

(2) "Hunting" Picture。Pottery Urn W42:1 painted pattern by circle、Deer pattern、Composed of tortoise pattern, character pattern and other elements。Among them，The character image is running，Arms swing forward and backward，Spread the fingers of both hands。The four legs and head bet365 live casino login turtle protrude from the carapace，Looking like running away。The deer’s head is held high，Neck erect，Bending limbs，Sprint forward。The second and fifth patterns are madeshape，Similar symbols are more common in Oracle，It’s just that there is usually a short horizontal line inside a circle or oval，Scholars interpret it as the word "日"。The center bet365 live casino login dot image painted on the pottery vat is a dot，Possibly a hit、The meaning of capture。Observe these painted elements as a whole，This pattern is more likely to represent a hunting scene，On screen，The ancestors were hunters，Chasing the sprinting turtle and deer，Until captured (Figure 11 1、2、3、4、5）。

　　Fourth, tool bet365 live casino login.Human beings have created various forms in production and life、Fully functional utensils，With the help of these utensils，Human production or living standards have been improved，And some artifacts are still used by humans to pray for heaven and earth、An important instrument for communicating with spirits，It is human spiritual life、The materialized expression of religious thought。Therefore，bet365 live casino login minds of ancient ancestors，Utensils have gods，The many painted patterns on the urns and coffins at the Hongshan Temple site reflect this concept。(1) Lei Chi。Pottery Urn W104: 1 The painted pattern on the upper abdomen is shownshape，The front end is fusiform，The last one comes out，There is a short line in the middle。This pattern is very similar to the grass used in ancient agricultural production，Just loosening the front end、The soil extraction part is just a little exaggerated (Figure 12 W104: 1)。On the other side bet365 live casino login pottery jar，Echoing this painted pattern is a hand，presentshape。The discovery bet365 live casino login grass pattern shows the livelihood style bet365 live casino login ancestors of Hongshan Temple from the side，It shows that the economic production method at that time has entered the farming stage，Agricultural production has made great progress。

(2) Mask。Pottery vat W71: 1 has four groups of painted patterns in the middle bet365 live casino login belly，All presentedshape。In terms bet365 live casino login overall shape bet365 live casino login pattern，Like the outer outline of a human head，The two ovals drawn in the middle are at the position bet365 live casino login human eye；Draw so big，Should be an exaggeration；And draw the ray on top，Seems to represent the shining light，or means to see through all objects，implies the owner’s extraordinary abilities。These features are very similar to the masks used by ancient wizards，This pattern may be a mask worn by wizards。On pattern，There is a gap between the two ovals，The wizard wears it on his face and can see everything outside，And then secretly glimpse people’s expressions during the practice。Prehistoric period，Low productivity，Primitive religion is extremely popular。As an important messenger communicating between heaven, earth and gods，Wizards occupy an extremely important position in primitive religion。To reflect this special、Proprietary identity，Wizards often wear masks when casting spells，To warn the invisibility bet365 live casino login gods and show their own vast supernatural powers (Picture 13 W71: 1)。Yangshao Culture Miaodigou Type Period，It was an important period when primitive religion prevailed；The mask pattern on the pottery jar，It just records the fragments bet365 live casino login witchcraft culture of early civilization。

(3) Jade。The system of using jade in our country has a long history，The existence of jade has been discovered bet365 live casino login Xinglongwa culture more than 8,000 years ago。There are many jades bet365 live casino login painted patterns on the urn and coffin at the Hongshan Temple site，They are mostly colored in single colors，such as W60:1、W85: 1 is white，W59：1、W104: 1 is dark brown；Colorful ones are also useful，The colorful colors are mainly white or light red (such as W31:1、W83: 1) as background，Use dark brown to outline and draw patterns，There are also patterns drawn with red color，Generally painted on the outer walls of pottery。

Shuanglianbi (璗)。Pottery Urn W60: There are two double rings or "8" shaped patterns between the two urns in the middle bet365 live casino login abdomen，The complete one is 19 taller.2cm、Width 6-8 cm，The lower ring is round and large、The upper ring is small and slightly flat；Another one bet365 live casino login same size，Only the lower part is damaged (Figure 14 W60: 1)。This double ring pattern is very similar to the special type of jade double jade in Hongshan Culture and Dawenkou Culture，It’s just that the hole diameter is larger，Jade Yuan is closer to "good meat"。Research in recent years has shown that，The ancients were making jade articles，There are no strict regulations on the ratio bet365 live casino login hole diameter of jade bis to the body，Then this double ring pattern can also be interpreted as a double bib。Special-shaped jade bis should be developed from ordinary jade bis，The double jade of Dawenkou culture appeared later，Should have been developed under the influence of Hongshan Culture。From a shape perspective，Most bet365 live casino login upper and lower parts bet365 live casino login Hongshan Culture double couplets are not regular，There is an obvious difference in size，The double jade of Dawenkou culture is symmetrical up and down，Relatively organized。Therefore，The double bib decoration on the painted pottery at the Hongshan Temple site is closer to the style of Hongshan Culture，It is the result bet365 live casino login Hongshan Temple site culture absorbing the elements of Hongshan culture。

Cloud-shaped jade article。The painted pattern on pottery vat W117:1 is in the shape of "work"，The ends bet365 live casino login two "horizontal" lines are pointed up and down respectively，There are three dot-shaped decorations in the middle，This is very similar to the jade with cloud pattern in Hongshan Culture。Although it is not as complicated as the actual jade lines、Delicate depiction，But the overall shape is rectangular，The four corners are symmetrically protruding and curling outward, and the features of dots indicating perforations are very clear，Should be a simplified depiction bet365 live casino login jade with cloud-shaped patterns bet365 live casino login Hongshan Culture (Figure 15 W117: 1)。The cloud-shaped jade ware is a unique and distinctive type of jades from the Hongshan Culture，Special shape，Only found in large tombs；The cloud-shaped jade paintings on the urn coffins of Hongshan Temple are also like double bis.，Should be the introduction and absorption of Hongshan cultural factors。

Jade comb。Ceramic Urn W32：1、W69:1 The outer wall is painted with a jade comb pattern。Among them，Ceramic Urn W69: 1 The jade comb handle on the ceramic vat is rectangular，Short and thick comb teeth，Densely arranged (Figure 16 W69: 1 1、2）；The jade comb handle on W32:1 is square，The comb teeth are of uniform thickness，Arranged neatly。The discovery bet365 live casino login Hongshan Temple jade comb is not an isolated example among early Chinese cultural relics，There are a large number of jade comb backs in the tombs of Hongshan Culture and Liangzhu Culture，Bone comb is also popular in Dawenkou culture、Ivory comb: These provide circumstantial evidence for the remains of jade combs from the Yangshao Culture period at the Hongshan Temple site。

　　Fifth, sun and moon bet365 live casino login.Pottery vat W91: 1 has sun and moon patterns symmetrically painted on both sides bet365 live casino login outer wall and abdomen。The moon is crescent-shaped，The upper part is slightly damaged，Black border around，Fill in white color in the middle，Thick outer lines，Thin inner lines，It seems to want to show the changes bet365 live casino login moon (Figure 17 W91: 1 1、2）。The sun pattern is also based on white color，The sun is drawn with red dots in the middle，Draw a big circle with black paint outside the sun，Should be its halo。The composition of this group of "Sun and Moon Pictures" is vivid，Showing the relationship between the ancestors of Hongshan Temple and Japan、The understanding and worship of Yue。W14：1 shaped pottery painted symbol pattern，Applied to the outer wall bet365 live casino login pottery jar。Drawed with brown paint on a white background，The lines extending from the square hole in the middle to the round edge are slender and neat，It shows that his drawing skills are very exquisite，Or just use a model to draw four groups of neatly arranged thin lines，Each group of thin wires has 7-8 wires。This symbol also means sun in Dongba language (Figure 18 W14:1)。

　　Image deconstruction: various bet365 live casino login techniques

Prehistoric period，People in order to satisfy production、The needs of spiritual life such as religion，Created colorful original art，Like dance、Music、Sculpture、Painting, etc.；Painted pottery art is one bet365 live casino login masters，After the initial development in the Peiligan era，The Yangshao culture period reached its peak。The painted pottery of this period is beautiful and varied，Rich image content，Skilled in painting and decoration，Bright colors。They are concrete expressions bet365 live casino login artistic divisions bet365 live casino login times，Not only reflects the sincere art form of human childhood，You can also observe the aesthetic concepts of our ancestors and the characteristics bet365 live casino login times of primitive art。The Hongshan Temple painted pottery is a pearl in the early painted pottery art，Although not a typical painting，But it basically has the characteristics of expressing objects on a plane，Contains many superb painting techniques。

　　The presentation and application of bet365 live casino login.The painted pottery in Hongshan Temple is painted before the pottery is fired。The mineral pigments used for coloring undergo certain physical and chemical reactions after being fired at high temperatures，Finally, more brilliant colors are shown on the pottery clothes。People at that time were already proficient bet365 live casino login color characteristics of various minerals，And according to the drawing content and subject matter，Accurately control the proportions of various minerals，Generate different colors。Also，bet365 live casino login process of painting，Potters have also mastered the use of contrast、Flexible use of color in matching techniques、Show screen。Use of colors，White color is commonly used on Hongshan Temple painted pottery，And mostly used as a foundation，In other colors, outline and draw the main pattern on the white background，Clear black and white，Strong contrast，Prominent main body pattern。

　　bet365 live casino login hook flat coating.The flat painting method is when people draw painted pottery patterns，Black first、Brown、Red and other colors draw the overall outline bet365 live casino login story，Then paint it with white paint or other colors in the middle。Yangshao Culture Period，Many large-scale painted patterns on pottery in the Central Plains region use this painting technique，The fish in the "Stork Stone Ax Picture" unearthed from the Yancun site、Stork、Stone ax, etc.。Some large-scale painted patterns on the urns and coffins unearthed from the Hongshan Temple site also used this painting technique，For example, the crescent moon pattern in the "Picture of Sun and Moon Shining Together" is first outlined with black，Then fill evenly with white color。

　　Wheel bet365 live casino login.The beginning of Yangshao culture，Ancestors have used slow wheel trimming technology to make pottery。Slow wheel technology is not only used for pottery shaping，Can also be used to draw painted pottery patterns。The geometric patterns on the Yangshao Culture painted pottery are mostly parallel broad lines with white color as the background，The upper and lower edges of this two-square continuous pattern are very regular、Shapely，It should be the potter's method of wheel painting，It is drawn by pressing the tip bet365 live casino login pen against one end bet365 live casino login wall。The belly bet365 live casino login urn coffin in the Hongshan Temple site is white with red stripes、The black outline also has the same characteristics，And they belong to the same circle center as the spiral traces on the edge bet365 live casino login urn coffin。These characteristics indicate that the above painted lines should be drawn using the wheel drawing method。

　　Multi-dimensional bet365 live casino login.Multi-dimensional perspective composition method expands the scope of time and space，Give full play to the imagination bet365 live casino login painter。Many bet365 live casino login compositions on the pottery jars of Hongshan Temple are complex、Pattern with profound meaning，This drawing technique is often used。For example，Five individuals in the hunting map，What we see is just a person running fast、A crawling turtle、A running deer and twoshaped bet365 live casino login。But the painter organized them together，With a person looking sideways、The deer looking sideways forms a complete picture to represent the hunting process。

　　Combination of sculpture and bet365 live casino login.Painting and stenciling are two different decorative techniques，Each has its own advantages。Combination bet365 live casino login two，will produce stronger artistic effects。The naked male on the pottery jar in Hongshan Temple W39:1 adopts this technique。This technique is not done because the painting technology at that time was not enough to show the details，But three-dimensional sculpting is compared with flat painting，better able to demonstrate his religious thoughts。

In short，Characters on Hongshan Temple painted pottery、Animal、Plant、Images of utensils，Dynamic lines、Both the painting techniques and the expression of charm are breakthroughs compared with the painted pottery images from the Banpo type period bet365 live casino login Yangshao Culture，Is an important part bet365 live casino login history of Chinese painting art，Leaved a profound mark on prehistoric art。Also，The painted urns and coffins of Hongshan Temple are also of great significance in the formation of ancient Chinese characters，Deduced based on the generation and evolution of early writing in the world，Many philologists believe that before the early writing system of our country was formed，There should be an era of "word painting"；And Hongshan Temple pottery urn pictures，Should be the conclusive proof of Chinese “character painting”，Outline the key link between the origin and maturity of Chinese characters。

　　bet365 live casino login: the religious world of objects

Prehistoric period，Low level of social productivity，The prevalence of primitive religion，The concept bet365 live casino login immortal soul and the idea of ​​animism are deeply rooted in people's hearts，This is very obvious in the large urn coffin tomb of Hongshan Temple。

Inside the M1 large urn coffin tomb of Hongshan Temple，Both the urns and coffins used by adults and children are specially made burial tools，There is a special lid on the pottery jar，There is a circular perforation at the bottom bet365 live casino login cylinder，Facilitates the entry and exit of souls after death。The belief in spirits after death still has cases in current ethnological research。Yongning Pumi people use clay pots to hold ashes，Sealed with cloth，Punch holes in the bottom bet365 live casino login jar，Finally placed in the clan’s public cemetery - Can Guan Mountain；Drilling holes is to facilitate the entrance and exit of souls，Take root underground，And can lead to the underworld。Under the control bet365 live casino login concept bet365 live casino login immortal soul，People in primitive times generally believed in the concept of animism。Wind、Rain、雷、Electricity、日、month、Natural phenomena such as stars can bring blessings or disasters，The ancestors were in awe of them and thought they had spirits。Animals can bring convenience or crisis to life，Humans depend on fish、Pig、dog、Sheep、Cattle and other animals preying on animals、Domesticate and survive，Fear of snakes、Crocodile、Tiger、Bear、Dangers posed by leopards，Also with the help of birds、Turtles and others communicate with the world、God，These animals are endowed with spirituality。Various forms、Fully functional utensils improve production、Key Tools for Living Well，Also praying to heaven and earth、An important instrument for communicating with spirits，Can also be a spirit。Also，Some mysteries that humans have about themselves，Like birth, old age, sickness and death、Thinking about dreams at night、Reproduction and reproduction cannot be explained，In this case，The human body itself is also endowed with animism。Primitive humans’ response to natural phenomena、Animals and plants、Utensils、The worship of reproduction and other things is a concrete manifestation bet365 live casino login concept of animism，Is an important part of primitive religion，They rely on various rituals of primitive religion，Like a sacrifice、Witchcraft、Beliefs, etc. to express the animism of primitive ancestors、The thought bet365 live casino login immortal soul。

Date of painting and stenciling on the urn and coffin of Hongshan Temple、month、Crocodile、Bird、Dragon、Lizard、耜、Jade comb、Male genitals and other patterns were objects of worship at that time。Before his death，They are closely related to production and life，Promote the continuous development of human society；After death，Those things that are most closely related to the deceased during his lifetime are painted on the urns and coffins，The soul bet365 live casino login deceased can continue to communicate with the souls of various objects on the urn through the round hole at the bottom bet365 live casino login urn，Continue to engage in activities during life in the underworld。These rich colorful patterns，It shows that the concept of "animism" dominated people's view of various natural phenomena during the primitive society、Exploration of all things in nature and the human body itself、Awe and Worship。

　　bet365 live casino login Transformation: Patriarchal Characteristics of Awakening

1960s，Banpo、Beishou Ridge、Horizontal array、The discovery of secondary burials in Yuanjunmiao Cemetery triggered a great discussion in the academic circles on the social nature of Yangshao culture，Has a profound influence on the development of Chinese archeology。Zhang Zhongpei’s research on the burial system of Yuanjun Temple Cemetery，Think that the clan tribe is in the advanced matriarchal stage，Existence family、Clan、Tribal three-level structure。Shao Wangping believes that the Hengzhen Cemetery reflects the transition from a matrilineal clan society to a patrilineal clan society。Wang Renxiang proposed that the second joint burial in the tomb was a reflection bet365 live casino login division bet365 live casino login ancient clan into smaller groups - families and clans，Marks the emergence of patrilineal family communes。For the social type and cultural nature of Yangshao culture，There are still divergent opinions in the academic community。The Yangshao culture urn coffin tomb in Hongshan Temple is the largest urn coffin cemetery in the Yangshao period seen so far，Belongs to the category of secondary burial，Shape structure、Burial method and painted content，It may be possible to further outline the social nature bet365 live casino login Miaodigou type period of Yangshao Culture。

　　The differentiation bet365 live casino login rich and poor is not obvious.Among the 136 urn coffins discovered by M1，Except for a very small number of small pottery vessels buried with them，Most of them have no burial objects；Most bet365 live casino login urns and coffins are painted、Sculpture or symbol。These are the signs，At that time, the society had not yet formed a serious polarization between rich and poor，The gender status difference between men and women is also not huge。The different contents bet365 live casino login painted patterns on the urn and coffin are not a manifestation bet365 live casino login divide between rich and poor，It is more likely to have some connection with the identity bet365 live casino login deceased and social division of labor。It can be said，The status of social members in the M1 joint tomb of Hongshan Temple is equal，Showing the distinctive characteristics of clan social organization。

　　Multiple levels of bet365 live casino login organizations coexist.The M1 tomb is rectangular，Length 6.30 meters、Width 3.50 meters，Great scale，Regular shape，No evidence of early disturbance。Although the human bones in each urn and coffin in M1 were secondary burials，But M1 itself should be the result of a burial，This fully indicates that the tomb where M1 is located should represent a higher-level social organization。Considering that the initial burial personnel in M1 were more than 200 people，A large number of people，And male、Female、Old、Young Jun was buried together for the second time，We think this cemetery belongs to the same clan。There are several blank areas in M1 to group the urns and coffins into groups，There are about 30 urn coffins in each group，The distribution is relatively concentrated；These groups of urns and coffins should represent the lower social organization under the clan-the family。Inside each group of urn coffins，Every 3-5 urn coffins will be densely distributed，Constitute a group，There are obvious differences in the shape and decoration bet365 live casino login urn coffins in the group；Each group of urn coffins should represent the lower social organization under the family - family，The difference between urns and coffins may be related to age、Related to division of labor。Looks like this，M1 middle tomb pit、Graves、The tomb groups correspond to clans、Family、Family three-level social organization。If you carefully observe the boundaries and areas of these three，It can be seen that the boundaries between tomb pits and tomb groups are very clear，The tombs are more vague。This phenomenon shows，Miaodigou period where Hongshan Temple is located，Families tend to become independent，The function bet365 live casino login family in social organization is declining，About to be replaced by independent families。In the process of development of human civilization，Family independence，Precisely the sign that occurs in the transition from matriarchy to patriarchy，And Hongshan Temple Culture，We are in the midst of this historical change。

　　bet365 live casino login are buried with adults.Hongshan Temple M1 is a large male、Female、Old、Younghe Burial Tomb，The deceased in the urn and coffin are both adults，There are also children；This is obviously different from the early burial customs of Yangshao Culture。From Xi'an Banpo、Looking at the excavation data of Lintong Jiangzhai，Early Yangshao Culture，Children are not considered full members bet365 live casino login clan，Therefore, adults and children are buried separately in the burial system，Children cannot enter the clan cemetery where adults are located，Can only be buried near the residence。This phenomenon is the basic characteristic bet365 live casino login matrilineal clan system，It is also a principle that matriarchal society must follow。But，M1 of Hongshan Temple buried children and adults together，Breaking this principle，It shows that the society at that time has undergone transformation，As Mr. Su Bingqi pointed out，“On the one hand, people bury people bet365 live casino login same clan neatly in the same cemetery in the order of death，This is in line with traditional customs；On the other hand, people put the different generations of close relatives、different gender、Adults and young children buried together，This shows that the old traditional customs have been broken，New social changes are brewing”。Of course，Although the child has been recognized by the clan，But because of minors，Still separate from adults when buried，Concentrated in one area。The small urn coffins for children buried in Hongshan Temple are piled up in the lower left corner (such as W119-120-127-128), which fully reflects this。

　　The emergence of bet365 live casino login reproductive worship.Many scholars believe，The fish pattern found in the Banpo type bet365 live casino login early Yangshao Culture is similar to the female vulva，It is a symbol of female reproductive worship at that time。Arrived in the Miaodigou type period，People are beginning to gradually realize that there is also a close connection between reproduction and men，Started to worship male genitals，The painted pottery and sculptures found in many sites in this period all show male genitalia。

　　Has entered a patriarchal bet365 live casino login.In recent years，The integration of technological archeology and prehistoric archeology is getting closer，Achieved some major academic breakthroughs。For example，The Baligang ruins in Dengzhou, Henan are bet365 live casino login same age as the Hongshan Temple in Ruzhou，A second burial tomb of multiple people was discovered at the site。Peking University adopts ancient DNA technology，On the basis of gender identification，By comparing the sequences of mitochondrial DNA inherited from the maternal line and Y chromosome DNA inherited from the paternal line, we can determine whether the two bodies are father and son、Father and daughter、Mother and son、Mother-daughter relationship。Known by sequencing the mitochondrial DNA of 5 individuals in the secondary burial tomb M13，This tomb contains about 126 individual deceased persons，The death time difference bet365 live casino login deceased is more than 200 years，These 5 individuals come from three maternal lineages，But each pair comes from the same maternal line。Therefore，The group of deceased people in M13 did not come from one maternal line，But there are many maternal blood relationships between them，The succession system bet365 live casino login group should be patrilineal。Hongshan Temple and Baligang belong to the same period of archaeological culture，The two are geographically adjacent to each other，The cultural outlook and the level of civilization development are also generally in sync，Cultural nature should be consistent；In other words，The Miaodigou period, represented by the Hongshan Temple ruins and Baligang ruins, has entered a patriarchal society。

It can be seen from the second burial of M1 large urn coffin in Hongshan Temple，Although the social differentiation between rich and poor at that time was not very obvious，The status among clan members is also relatively equal，There are still many relics bet365 live casino login matrilineal system in society。But in the entire social organizational structure，The trend of family independence is becoming increasingly obvious，The child has become a full member bet365 live casino login clan，Male reproductive worship began to replace female reproductive worship: these all indicate that the society at that time had undergone major transformation，Changed from matriarchy to patriarchy，In recent years, the detection of ancient DNA technology has also confirmed this inference。

　　Conclusion

The Miaodigou type period was the most prosperous and developed stage of Yangshao culture，The entire middle reaches bet365 live casino login Yellow River has become the distribution range bet365 live casino login Miaodigou type，The influence even spreads as far as the Northeast、The lower reaches bet365 live casino login Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches bet365 live casino login Yangtze River。In the vast area of ​​​​Miaodigou type radiation，The Songshan area where the Hongshan Temple ruins are located shows a unique cultural development context，It has both Miaodigou type tolerance、Open commonality，Many unique cultural connotations have also emerged。The colorful painted pottery，It is the most beautiful scenery bet365 live casino login Hongshan Temple cultural relics，Indicating technological change、Ideological changes and social transformation，It also evokes people’s memories of early legends。

The bet365 live casino login of Hongshan Temple is mostly decorated on the burial jars，Excellent painting skills，Rich and diverse content，Represents the level of bet365 live casino login culture at that time，Reflects important achievements in Chinese prehistoric artistic creation。Behind the altar，Stacking the cultural curve of social transformation，Shows that society at that time was undergoing tremendous changes。

A century of discovery and research of Yangshao culture，Always accompanied by Chinese archeology；With the discovery and research of Yangshao Village painted pottery in 1921，Chinese archeology has also embarked on the path of archaeological exploration of Chinese prehistoric culture。Academic research carried out in depth，New perspectives and understandings emerge in an endless stream，For example, Wang Renxiang believes that Miaodigou culture formed the first artistic climax in Chinese prehistory，Refreshed the academic world’s understanding of painted pottery。Han Jianye proposed that China was first formed bet365 live casino login Miaodigou era，Multiple integrated structure with center and main body，It is the predecessor of cultural China and the foundation of political China after Shang, Zhou and even Qin and Han Dynasties，Provides new ideas for exploring the origin of early countries。Anyway，It can be said that the ancestors of Yangshao were bet365 live casino login process of kneading soil and making pottery，Opened the Neolithic Era。Zhen Qi Shang Xiang，The simple luster of these Yangshao painted pottery，It is the light of early Chinese civilization。

　　(The author is the chief expert bet365 live casino login National Social Science Foundation’s major project “Compilation and Comprehensive Research on Archaeological Excavation Data of Fucheng Site in Jiaozuo, Henan Province”、Professor, School of History, Capital Normal University)