"Yugong" is the first part of "Shangshu · Xia Shu"，recorded "Yu Bie Kyushu，Suishan Junchuan，Ren Tu Zuo Gong "a series of stories，It has always been regarded as geographical、State Field、Gongfu and other national governance related documents。"Yu Gongtu", also known as Yu Trail，Not only does it include Dayu in the study of the "Yugong" in the past，Yishanchuan、Director Jianghe、Divided Kyushu、Geographical diagram of Ligong Road，It also includes Bigong Fu、Divided Xia、Political governance of the wasteland。In addition to the recording of the drawing Kyushu，"Yu Gongtu" and "Yugong" scriptures to a large extent with the early Chinese tribute、Fu has a close relationship。Through the inspection of soil in different areas，Comprehensive regional economic conditions to determine the level of taxation;，to confirm the category of the tribute; through the dredging and hooking of the water channel，Not only does it achieve the purpose of treating water and avoiding disasters to protect people's livelihood，It also ensures the smoothness of the tribute transportation。and the formation of "Yu Gongtu" and "Yu Gong"，From the perspective of modern archeological discovery，The development relationship with the water channel traffic in early trade in China。

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From the text point of view，"Yugong" entrusted name Yu Dayu，Reflect that Dayu's waters and the Xia Yu period to Jianjiagong to Jizhou during the Xia Yu period、Formation。But from a historical perspective, this expression，will find that this expression is lost in objective。Xia Yuji，There is no unified country on the Chinese land。According to the inferiority of the literature, it can be known，When I am in Yin Shang，There are about 2,000 large and small states in the region centered on Heluo，The princes at the beginning of the week also have at least 800，And Xia Yu's life must be no less than this number。"Yao Dian" "Cooperation Wanbang" theory reflects the social appearance of the state of the state of Yao Shun。"Lao Tzu" "neighboring country to look at，The sound of chickens and dogs heard，The old death is not the same "，It is the true portrayal of the coexistence of the bet365 live casino games country in ancient society。Under the social reality of this state cutting，None of the countries in all countries、Taking the neighbor as the yin，The consciousness of the ancestors is very narrow，What I know is just part of the smallest part of the world，Not to mention Yu Xia's time。In the Xiayu era in the forestry of the country，The scale contained in "Yugong"，The division of Kyushu in the world with the power of one person or one country、Driving of mountains and rivers and the survey of soil，Not realistic。and "Yu Gong" reflected in the states to pay taxes to Jizhou、Specialty records are not reliable。Xia as a co -owner in the world in the scope of the world in the world，The possibility that the possibility of the possibility of agglomeration from all over the world is very small for the tribute to the first place in Jizhou or a country，But it cannot be directly cut off "Yu Gongtu" and Yu because of this contradiction、The inner association of summer。The general law of the development of civilization can be judged，Figure appears earlier than text。Judgment of the results of archeological discovery，"Yu Gongtu" should also be earlier than the "Yugong" scripture。"Yu Gongtu" and "Yu Gong" reflected as Xia Yu's incident，When will the two appear early，Can't know，But what can be determined is，"Yu Gongtu" and "Yu Gong" are formed，It is a first, then、The process of gradual formation，and its source is likely to be before Xia Yu's water。

Time of ancient times，Because the rivers and water channels are in a natural state，Uncover from human excavation or artificial dredging and easy to stuff，When experiencing precipitation or other geological disasters，Frequent flood floods often appear。So，within a certain area，Xia Yu may learn from the waterway route diagram drawn during the previous trade exchange process to coordinate each neighboring water channel，The purpose of achieving flood discharge。"Zhou Public House Records" said: "Huang Di was killed，Figures after the wind，Cut the ground cloth Kyushu "，Divided by Kyushu according to the map。"Shui Jing Note" said: "Yu Li Shui，View in the river，See the white -faced person，Fish Body，Give Yuhe Tu and return to Yuan。"These are the literature of Yu Yitu's water，After successful water treatment，Dayu accepts neighboring products as a gift of thanks，In this process，Figure and Wen Qiang Yu or his subordinates re bet365 Play online games -draw and correct，The prototype of "Yu Gongtu" and "Yu Gong" appeared。Sui Gongxuan from the newly unearthed in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty "Destiny Yufu，Suishan Junchuan，The inscriptions of the signs of the worship "，Western Zhou Dynasty，The mature "Yugong" style statement has appeared。Western Zhou Dynasty，Although its rule has not achieved a complete unification of the world，But Zhou Tianzi Fengbang founded the country、Sealed princes，To a certain extent, it becomes the common master of the world，​​or the needs of water channel guidance or political governance，On the basis of the picture and text of the existing mountains and rivers of Xiashang，、薮、River、Tita、Gongfu, etc., expanded to Kyushu in the world，Bad sculpture is drawn as figure，Remember as a text，a catalog that reflects the geographical products of the mountains and rivers during the Western Zhou Dynasty。Zhou Renzun Xia，Therefore, it is named "Yu Gongtu" and "Yu Gong"。This is the beginning of its world，Unexpected need to clarify the territory、Master the world of mountains and rivers in the world，Divided area、The work necessary for the tribute to the tribute。and "Yu Gongtu" cannot be displayed in detail, supplemented by text description，It also has the expression of "Yugong" style。Zhou Ren's inheritance and development of "Yu Gongtu" and "Yugong" style that appeared at Xia Yu，Not only the inevitable national governance of the rulers of the early week，More in line with its psychological requirements for seeking rule of rule and Zunxia。

　　Early cross -regional tradePromoting the development of water and land transportation

You can know through archeological discoveries，In the Longshan Cultural Period in about 4,000 years ago，Yu Xia, which is recorded in the literature in time。Trade exchange during this period has been very developed，Trade exchange becomes an important content in social activities，The scope of trade exchange is also very wide，There are many types of items，At the time, it mainly included agriculture、fishing and hunting、The collected agricultural and sideline products and handicraft products，Even the rare mineral products of mining。Trade exchange during the Longshan Cultural period has formed a market system of different levels，This system is divided into junior market from small to large according to scale、Regional market、Three levels of cross Bet365 app download -regional market。The items exchanged at different levels of market exchange are not the same，Due to the demand faced by cross -regional markets is wider、More complicated，Therefore, there are also businessmen who specialize in trade activities。A independent trade exchange system formed a cross -regional market，To regulate the supply of products in the large area。Because the transportation distance is relatively long，During this process, the passage of long -distance transportation and node town along the way，and products that are convenient for long -distance transportation to have a large value -added space。Most of these products with large value -added space are handicraft products processed by manpower，Including pottery、Stoneware、Jade Ware, etc.。The production of pottery in the Longshan Cultural period is very developed，Output large，This is the socialization of the production of pottery at that time、Professional and productivity levels are closely related。The production of stone artifacts does not form a scale like pottery during this period，From the perspective of archeological discovery，Stone products on the settlement site and the use of damaged stone tools are relatively small。From this，Archaeologists speculate，Stoneware products are not used for the use of settlements，Most of them are exchanged as products。Jade and some fine stone products were high -end products at that time，Generally appears in a large center settlement or in the ruins of sacrifice，Some more exquisite stone and small jade wares are also found in a few tombs，Luxury products dedicated to upper -level consumption。Production of exquisite stone tools and jade，Manpower、The material input of material resources is relatively large, but the output is small，High cost，Only the ruling class that master a large number of public resources can own it。So，The enjoyment of these high -end products has also become a symbol of the privilege and status of the upper -level rulers，This kind of luxury goods naturally become the main content of cross -regional trade exchange。

This period，Cross -regional market exchange has developed into a mature trading system，The objects exchanged are high -end products that include a certain technology and labor content and have high value -added space，Due to the complexity and transportation route of cross -regional trade exchange，It has appeared to be able to know the Bet365 app download traffic route，Professional businessmen who know the laws of trade exchange，Noble rulers who pursue high -end luxury goods。The pursuit of luxury goods and the emergence of professional businessmen have made the aristocratic handicraft industry and cross -regional communication networks in the Longshan Culture period.，The upper nobles in the ruling group seize wealth through their control，Then strengthen its identity，Enjoy a luxurious life。Archaeological Discovery，A large number of exquisite stone artifacts unearthed in high -grade tombs during the Longshan Cultural period、Jade wares indicate the development of handicraft industry and the expansion of the upper -level aristocratic exchanges。Yishi、The handicraft industry represented by jade production and circulation is included in the control of the upper -level rulers，This is also the result of the in -depth development of social complexity。An important manifestation of the complexity of early society is that the institutional inequality in the human society group，Nobles who live in or dominated by domination are often valuable、Rare or foreign luxury goods，and the exquisite and sophisticated residence、Tomb and other materialized forms to express、Strengthening its identity and status。Discovered from Liangzhu Culture in the middle -class tomb of Tao Temple, Shanxi Tao Temple、Shijiahe Culture and Red Mountain Culture Intelligence，and Xia Yu when，The ruler is rare、The pursuit of valuables，To a certain extent, it has promoted the development of cross -regional trade and water and land transportation。

　　"Yu Gongtu" reflects the waterway traffic form of early trade

Longshan Culture Early，Cross -regional trade exchange in various states has appeared。In the "Yugong" records, Longshan culture reflected in the middle and late stages，Cross -regional trade exchange model has been very mature，In the tomb of the noble rulers，Specialty products with symbolic significance are very common。"Yugong" in the Scriptures of "Yu Gong" as tribute、Differential transportation through cross -regional sewer transportation to various parts of Jizhou，It may not be the tribute at first、Form to get here，It is precisely through this early remote trade exchange。Fundamental speaking，tribute、Except for the rights and obligation relationship between the superior and the level，Itself has a close contact with the exchange of exchange。"Said the Word" interpretation Bet365 app download of "tribute" and "Fu" all from "shell"，Duan Yu's presence "Best": "It means that it is also a goods"，Demonstrate "Fu": "In the middle of the classics, the words of the words and things are used in people to say Fu。"From the word" tribute "and" Fu ".，It has a certain contact with the circulation of products。The noble rulers in ancient times，or I don’t know much about other state culture，or the need for consolidating its own prestige，Call the trade exchanged as a tribute to the Gentile、Fu。In order to meet the needs of the upper noble nobility and the demand for such "tribute" and "Fu" for luxury life，Noble rulers actively promote remote trade exchange across regions。The need for cross -regional trade exchange between urban states，Institutions or people specializing in cross -regional trade exchange are in the process of conducting long -distance trade，It will explore the rolling route of water and land transportation，To help memories or convenient for future generations to master the traffic route, draw a picture。The transportation of early human society is not developed，No one is a traffic channel for opening construction，Transportation between cross -regional transportation is largely dependent on the waterway traffic network formed by nature，Therefore, the traffic route diagram they draw is essentially the waterway traffic chart。Longshan Cultural Age has not yet passed or mature text，So the ancestors recorded the waterway traffic route in the form of drawing，"The original geographical knowledge of the ancestors was conveyed by drawing"，The waterway traffic map of this icon may be the foresight of the far away of "Yu Gongtu"，Waterway traffic route charts of cross -regional trade are also flood governance in Xia Yu.、Publishing wood、Water channel dredging provides reference and guidance。

During the governance of the flood，Xia Yu not only excavated and dredged the sewer，And the original mountain hill was originally identified，Correct and improve the waterway traffic diagram of the paintings painted in the early trade exchange。At this time, the water channel map is still limited to Yao、Shun、Yu's neighboring city -state centered on the state of the state of Yu，It is far from reaching the vast area of ​​Kyushu in the world。until the World of the Western Zhou Dynasty，The Zhou people who originated in the West across things and have all over the world，Western Zhou Dynasty with Bet365 app download the gesture of the common owner of the world，The name of the name Yu Dayu and eventually formed the "Yu Gongtu" and "Yu Gong" scriptures。"Yu Gongtu" and the Western Zhou Dynasty formed by the mature "Yugong" scriptures，Go to Gu Weiyuan，Relying on a certain historical facts，Therefore, it can also support the views from "Yu Gongtu" and "Yu Gong" early。Historical period，Geographically，Linggu has ascension、Earth and rocks have long -lasting、The river has changed，Politators and scholars in the early days、Text is continuously drawn、Amend and improve the "Yu Gongtu" and "Yu Gong" scriptures of the era，Highlight its classics、History、Important value in the fields of geography and governance。"Yu Gongtu" and "Yu Gong" not only objectively reflect the geographical division of Kyushu，It is also the beginning of the concept of Kyushu in China，Important literature as geography and governance has been repeatedly interpreted by scholars of all ages。

　(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Fund's unpopular "learning" and the special "‘ ‘Yugong” picture and research and database construction “、Associate Professor of Confucius Culture Research Institute of Qufu Normal University)