"Shuowen Jiezi" says: "Judgment，fenye。""Ciyuan" has the difference between "cut open", "half" and "half"、Distinguish the meaning of "adjudicating prison litigation" etc.。The word "judgment" has a long history in literature，From the Western Zhou Dynasty，There is a record of prison cases being decided by judgment。"Judgment" and "bet365 best casino games" are closely related: in ancient times, officials used judgment documents to decide prison litigation、Handling disputes，Gradually create judgments and become an bet365 best casino games serving the people、Essential abilities to handle bet365 best casino games duties。In the Tang Dynasty，The country uses judgments as an important literary style for selecting civil officials。

Outflow and inflow，Simple selection based on judgment。Trials in the Tang Dynasty originally started from "outflows into flows"。"Liu Wai" refers to Liu Wai officials who "have not entered the ninth stream"，"Tang Liu Dian·Shang Shu Li Bu" says: "One of the doctors，Zhangxiaoxuan。Anyone who has not yet entered the bet365 best casino games position but serves as an bet365 best casino games in the capital，Divided into nine grades，Commonly known as ‘Administrative Office’。The person who should be chosen，Because he has not entered the ninth stream，That’s why it’s called ‘Liu Waiquan’，Also known as ‘Xiaoquan’。" Liuwaiguan refers to "Zhutai、Province、Temple、Prison、Army、伟、square、Fu Zhixu Shi”，They are mainly the children of officials below the sixth rank and above the ninth rank，Or state and county officials。With book、Common people with accounting or time affairs abilities are also eligible to participate in the selection and award of foreign officials。Liuwai officials are also divided into nine grades，Generally，Assessed once a year，After three examinations, he was transferred to Liuwaiquan，Rank promotion based on merit and merit。After being promoted to the highest rank of Liuwaiguan，You can participate in the selection and awarding activities for the transfer of foreign officials to internal officials，Referred to as "outflow and inflow"。"Outflow and inflow" need to go through a series of "procedures" selected and awarded by officials，“Trial judgment” is one of the main procedures for outflow and inflow。

Employee Examination，Report to judge。The scholars of the Tang Dynasty passed through the Ministry of Rites as Jinshi、Finished in Ming Jing and other subject examinations，Only qualified to enter the bet365 best casino games career，You still need to go through the "off-the-shelf test"，Report to the Staff Department，Then wait for the bet365 best casino games selection。"Tang Yin Gui Zhu" written by Hu Zhenheng in the Ming Dynasty says: "Guan Examination，Ministry of Staff Examination。After the imperial examination is released，The Ministry of Rites begins to close the Ministry of Officials，Two sections of the bet365 best casino games trial，Xuchunchuan，So-called test。Begins to be a member of the Ministry of Personnel Selection。"After the results of Jinshi (waiting for tribute examination subjects) are released，The Ministry of Rites handed over the materials for the successful examination to the Ministry of Personnel，The officials tried two sections on them，Then send it to Juzi "Chunguan"。Complete such a set of procedures，They are the ones who officially belong to the Ministry of Civil Affairs and are waiting for selection。Zhao Kuang of the Tang Dynasty said in "Zhou Xuan Yi": "Not studying classics and history，Unable to stand up；Not familiar with legal principles，Unable to perform duties。After birth，It is advisable to practice the law。”So in fact，Trial is a procedure for new candidates to report to the Ministry of Civil Affairs，Indicates that their future bet365 best casino games appointment has been handled by the Ministry of Personnel。The purpose of the examination is to guide candidates to strengthen their study of legal knowledge in the future，Improve your ability to handle political affairs，In order to serve better。At the same time，The quality of the test results in the customs examination also affects the selection time limit and winter collection time to a certain extent。In other words，Equal origin、Subject、Ranking examples，Those who have excellent test scores in the customs examination，Be able to obtain bet365 best casino games appointments relatively early。

Four things to choose: judgment by words and writing。End of Tang Dynasty，The appointment of bet365 best casino games positions in the civil service system below the sixth rank，Most of them need to go through the regular selection of the Ministry of Personnel。According to "New Tang Book·Election Records": "Start gathering and try，Observe his book review。Tried and proven，Observe his actions and words。”Police candidates participating in bet365 best casino games selection activities，First of all, we must focus on the examination，Judging the quality of his books by observing them，Require beautiful calligraphy and regular script，Excellent in literary arts and science。Then examine his actions and words，Requires great physical appearance，Correct rhetoric。All four things are possible，Then refer to Germany、cai、Lao，Based on qualifications、Rewarded through hard work。But，Since ancient times，Difficult to choose talents，Selecting talents and empowering them in every era is a difficult problem，The Tang Dynasty was no exception。Shen Jiji, the minister of the Ministry of Rites in the Tang Dynasty, said: "The foundation of the Ministry of Officials，Cun Yu Jia Ling，Although it is said that virtue is an bet365 best casino games position，Delegating positions according to talents，Increase in rank based on hard work，The stationery is there，How to take the exam，All in the Book of Calligraphy、Between words and pitch，The minister is not a god，It cannot be known。”Although the national system regulates morality、Talent、Promotion based on hard work，But in specific operations，But it can only be learned from limited calligraphy books、In words and deeds, one glimpse can reveal the whole leopard，So it is called "body、Word、Book、Judgment of "Four Matters in Selection of Officials"。

Among the four things，Judgment is particularly serious。Although with "body、Word、Book、Judgment of "Four Things to Select Officials"，These four standards are prioritized，Not equally important。Zhao Kuang thinks，"body、Word、Book、Judgment of "four things"，Calligraphy is just a tool for governing the people，As long as the font is not too sharp。body、The words are actually impressive measures、The words are reasonable，Anyone with talent can do this。And the sentence，It is the most important ability for an bet365 best casino games。Those who are good at writing judgments can judge Pepsi，Must be a person with extraordinary knowledge，So you can tell a person’s talent from the judgment。Trial and judge outstanding people，Of course the measures are impressive、A talented person with reasonable words；corresponding，Judging inferior people is obscured by reason，Absolutely no words to describe it。So Zhao Kuang thinks，Judgment is the most important criterion among the four things in selecting people，It’s the body、Word、Books are different。

The role of trial judgment in the selection of regular officials，Specifically speaking, there are three main aspects: one is to select the best，The second is to depose the inferior，Three means reaching the standard。Exceptionally good trial results，Divided into levels one, two, three and four or levels A and B，Anyone who has passed the level test，called "entering the ranks"，Prior to award。Unnamed as usual、Yan Zhenqing、Wei Wen、Song Jing、Su Ting and others have had the experience of being judged by trial；Exceptionally bad，Called "Blue Wisp"，Not to be awarded an officer or be demoted to an officer；The results are up to standard、Neither good nor bad，The corresponding bet365 best casino games positions will be granted normally according to the regular system。Trial judgment is the most important factor in selecting candidates in the Tang Dynasty to determine whether they can get an bet365 best casino games position and how well they get the bet365 best casino games position。

Outstanding book reviewer，Super-qualified conferment。In the Tang Dynasty, more and more people became officials after Gaozong，The number of bet365 best casino games buildings increases but is limited，It takes about eight or nine people to run for one bet365 best casino games。Annual bet365 best casino games selection event，Tired of choosing people to come and go，The bet365 best casino games department has a heavy workload，Also provide security to the capital、Transportation、Accommodation, etc. brings a heavy burden。So there is a division based on the origin of the officials to be elected、Level、Qualifications and other conditions，Announce in advance who can run for the election。First, a temporary "long list" was released，Later, a standardized and comprehensive "qualification-based" system was formed，It was implemented from the 18th year of Kaiyuan to the end of Tang Dynasty。The “qualification-based” regular selection of civilian officials below the sixth rank is established，Step-by-step promotion process based on seniority。It mainly stipulates the following contents: All civil servants below the sixth grade，After gaining birth status or being dismissed after serving in office，No matter wise or foolish, you need to wait for several years before you can participate in the regular selection and conferment；The waiting time varies，The waiting period for low-level bet365 best casino games positions is long，The waiting period for high-level bet365 best casino games positions is short；When conferring an bet365 best casino games, the following must be promoted，Promotion based on level，Insurmountable。The selection paradigm based on capital，It has its natural disadvantage: emphasizing qualifications over talents，Promoted step by step based only on seniority and resume，No difference between superior and inferior without talent。There were criticisms of “qualification-based” at that time，I don’t think it’s a good place to seek talents，“A mortal is born at the age of thirty，Only when you are forty can you start a job，Modify the style with proportion as the difference，Ruoxunxinge，Then sixty years have not left a captain"。The bet365 best casino games even issued an edict to try to abolish it，However, the contradiction of having many candidates and few officials has always existed，“Qualification-based” and easy to implement，So it returned to the same state afterward。

Implementation of “qualification-based” method，To a certain extent, it alleviates the contradiction of many candidates and few officials，Reduces the workload for the company selection，Avoid traveling back and forth for candidates，It also reduces the pressure on transportation, food and accommodation in the capital，It should be said that it has a certain positive meaning，But it does seem like a loss of talent。So as a supplement to the bet365 best casino games selection system，The "Subject Selection" of the Ministry of Officials came into being。It breaks the rules，There is no annual limit for candidates to take the exam，Those who showed great talent during the exam，You can also be promoted。"Book Review and Distinguished Subject" is the most common subject in "Subject Selection"，The only test item is the judgment。Relatively speaking，Its admission standards are higher，The one who is often selected and judged to be the best，Outstanding calligraphy is "superior"。But it is not limited，Super-qualified conferment，So it is more suitable for people with outstanding literary talents，Bai Juyi、Li Shangyin、Zheng Tian and others have been listed in the "Shu Criticism Department"。

From the perspective of the entire Tang Dynasty，Trial is crucial in the selection of civilian bet365 best casino games，Almost the most important means and methods for selecting and awarding civil servants below the sixth rank，Great effect、Wide influence、So many people involved、Long implementation time，To put it simply，It can be called "selecting bet365 best casino games based on judgment"。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Compilation and Research of Tang Dynasty bet365 best casino games Documents"、Associate researcher at the Institute of Literature, Henan Academy of Social Sciences)