As an important part of the material culture of all nations，National architecture is a climate shelter that protects against wind and rain，It is the place and container of production and life，It is also the carrier and expression of spiritual thoughts。These ethnic buildings with rich forms，Not only reflects the diversity of social culture of various ethnic groups，It also reflects the long-term continuous exchange and integration between ethnic groups。

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From a physical geography perspective，Northwestern Yunnan has the highest terrain in my country、The junction area of ​​the second ladder，There is Nu River in the territory、Lancangjiang、Jinsha River and other rivers pass through it，There are snowy mountains again、Yulong Mountain、Yunling、Nushan and other mountains stretch out；These rivers and mountains cut many high mountains and deep valleys，The formation of complex and diverse topography and climate environment。my country's largest world heritage site - the "Three Parallel Rivers" area is located in the hinterland of northwest Yunnan，is a concentrated expression of the characteristics of this region。From the perspective of humanities and history，The more than ten ethnic groups living in northwest Yunnan not only have their own long-standing civilizations and unique social cultures，And they have long-term communication with each other。Among the three major ethnic corridors in my country proposed by Mr. Fei Xiaotong，The most important "Tibetan bet365 Play online games and Yi Corridor" has northwest Yunnan as its core area。The many rivers flowing here carve out valleys in the high mountains，Forming a natural traffic channel，It also formed a cultural corridor for migration and communication among various ethnic groups。

So，Northwestern Yunnan has become one of the regions with the most outstanding cultural diversity in my country，Tibetan Buddhism exists as a religious belief only、Chinese Buddhism、Bon religion、Dongba Religion、Dabaism、Worship the Lord、Korean Cultism、Islam、Taoism、Rich forms such as Christianity and primitive beliefs。Many Tibeto-Burman language groups、International exchanges and integration of the Zhuang and Dong ethnic groups，In the long-term historical process, the concept of "each has its own beauty" has been formed.、The pattern of "beauty and beauty shared"。

　　Diversity: Rich national architectural cultural heritage

Cultural diversity created by the natural and human environment，It is also reflected in the important type of material culture, national architecture。Currently，There are 68 characteristic villages of Chinese ethnic minorities in northwest Yunnan、213 traditional Chinese villages、12 national historical and cultural cities/towns/villages，It is the richest national architectural cultural heritage in my country、One of the most concentrated areas。These ethnic buildings have various types、Different forms，Contains the profound wisdom of human settlements of all ethnic groups，It is the epitome of cultural diversity in the region。For example，The Nu and Lisu people in the Nujiang River Basin live in distinctive "thousand-foot floor-to-ceiling houses"。Because most of the places where I live are steep mountains，Local people raised their houses on the ground，Use wooden Bet365 app download or stone pillars to support the bottom；Looking from afar，The dense support pillars under the houses form a spectacular scene of "thousands of feet landing on the ground"。This construction method cleverly reduces the workload of foundation treatment in house construction，At the same time, the elevated bottom floor can also be used to house livestock、Storage supplies，Formed a reasonable functional layering。

The Mosuo people in the Lugu Lake area，Using wooden corrugated house as the traditional architectural form。This kind of house is made of crisscrossed timber，Can be built with simple tools and techniques，But very strong and warm。Among them，"Grandma's House" is the most important building in the Mosuo family，The twin fire pits、The "double core" layout of double center columns effectively adapts to the structure of the Mosuo matriarchal family: a high bed-style fire pit for men，The corresponding center pillar is where men perform life rituals；A pit-type fire pit for women，The corresponding center pillar is where women perform life rituals。The two central pillars are called the "male pillar" and "female pillar" respectively，Taken from the same tree，It means that the men and women in the family are from the same bloodline。

The Tibetan buildings in Shangri-La are called “flash houses”，So named for the wooden tiles covering the roof。This type of building is usually a square low-rise building，The internal structure is a thick wooden frame，Enclosed by a thick rammed earth wall，Can effectively resist the frequent earthquakes here。The first floor of the house is often used to house livestock，The second/third floor is the living space for family members，The roof mezzanine is used for drying、Storing food。Tibetan people’s Bet365 lotto review devout religious beliefs，Also fully reflected in their houses。The main room for family living and entertaining is equipped with a fire pit and a central pillar，There is a Buddha statue on the wall on one side of the fire pit、Scripture，The central pillar is often decorated with hada。In addition，There is also a separate sutra hall in the home，The interior is often carefully crafted，With Buddha statue、Thangka、Scripture, etc.，It is the most gorgeous place in the house。

Dali、The Bai people in Lijiang area、Most of the Naxi people live in the gentle slopes or flat dam areas at the foot of mountains，Most of their buildings are extended courtyards。Adapted to different family sizes and economic conditions，The courtyard has three squares and one screen wall、Four-in-five patio、Horse racing corner building, etc.。The buildings in it are load-bearing wooden structures with mortise and tenon joints，Can act as a buffer when encountering an earthquake，"If the wall falls, the house will not collapse"；Use thick adobe bricks for exterior walls，Warm in winter and cool in summer。Because of the Bai people、The Naxi people are more influenced by Han culture，Their houses are symmetrical、Respect the central axis: the main room on the first floor is the place for living and entertaining，The heart of the second floor is dedicated to the gods、The place where ancestors’ tablets are set。

　　Community: a multi-dimensional genealogy of blended national architecture

These various forms of ethnic architecture in northwest Yunnan，They are not isolated from each other。The long-term exchange and integration of different ethnic groups in the region，It is also reflected in their architecture。

Human beings build houses，The purpose is to meet residential needs。From bet365 best casino games a technical perspective，The Nu people in the Nu River Basin、Lisu、Mosuo people from the border between Dulong and Sichuan and Yunnan、The Yi people share well-dry construction system，These ethnic groups are rich in forest resources、A technical response under the condition that technical tools are not developed enough。Tibetans are good at using the Qiongcage system with load-bearing earth and stone walls，Under its influence，Part of the Naxi people living next to the Tibetan people、The Mosuo people also learned this construction technology。Han people and the Bai and Naxi people who have in-depth exchanges with them，Shared lifting beam、Technical knowledge of tunnel hybrid timber frame system，And there is frequent flow of craftsmen and spread of skills between each other。

From the spatial dimension，Living in the north of Nujiang River、Ethnic groups in the Lancang River Basin more often use the "vertical" functional zoning model，Place livestock pens on the ground floor，Storage work space is located on the top floor，The middle is used for residence，For example, the Nu people、Lisu、Tibetans, etc.。This model uses intensive land，Very reasonable for areas with relatively steep terrain。And living in the south、Among the ethnic groups in the east，The "horizontal" functional partitioning model is more common。Among them，The Han people and ethnic groups more influenced by Han culture tend to be in the "central axis" model，That is, connecting different rooms in parallel with the main room as the center；Other ethnic groups tend to the "center" model，That is, with the fire pond as the center，Place other rooms around the layout。

From a symbolic perspective，The "firepit-center column" space is a very common spiritual space in the bet365 best casino games architecture of various ethnic groups in northwest Yunnan，This space serves as daylight、Heating、Where food is processed，Occupying an important position in life for a long time，Also often attached with symbolic meaning。Although each ethnic group has its own cultural interpretation of this space，But generally speaking, this space is related to gods、associated with the worship of ancestors and other supernatural powers，It is a place for various ritual activities。Except for the Mosuo people and the neighboring Pumi people who have developed high-bed fire pits，The fire pits of other ethnic groups are all ground type。In addition，Han、The Bai and Naxi people place symbolic architectural elements on the central axis of the house，For example, center beam、"The Lord and Master of Heaven and Earth" and ancestral tablets, etc.。

Can be seen，Northwestern Yunnan’s ethnic architecture has many forms，But if you look at technology、Space、Symbolizes three dimensions to analyze how people meet different aspects of housing needs，There are not many response modes，And each model is commonly used and developed by several ethnic groups。It can be said，Although ethnic architecture in northwest Yunnan has various forms，But they are widely related to each other，Form a multi-dimensional composite pedigree。This kind of integrated and unified national architectural composite pedigree，Contains the wisdom of human habitation formed by the various ethnic groups in the region through long-term mutual exchanges，It is the material manifestation of the integration and unity of the ethnic groups in northwest Yunnan，It is also a microcosm of the pluralistic unity of the Chinese nation。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Fund’s unpopular “special knowledge” and national history research project “Research on the Pedigree of Ethnic Architecture in Northwest Yunnan based on the Investigation of Construction Techniques”、Associate professor at the School of Architecture and Art, Beijing Jiaotong University)