The author of the Documentation of Wu Jianzhong, Malaysia, Figure Figure

Writing materials used before the invention of ancient China，Mainly there are simplifications、牍 and Silk，Among them, the book is a niche，Ancient tombs in our country in the 20th century to the present、In the site，Large -scale unearthed from Jianyu Document。Jane，It is about to cut bamboo and wood into a film，Scriptures、polishing and other procedures，For writing。The difference between Jane and Jian，"Said" recorded as "Jane，牒 "" 牍，Book Edition also "，"On the Health · Together" explanation，"Jiezhu as a tube，Breaking as，Trail of Pen Ink，Nai Cheng Text，"Broken wood is 椠，as board，Forbid scraping，Naijin 牍 "，Clarified the material differences of the two，Under normal circumstances，Bamboo quality is simple，Wood is 牍。

But，The difference between Jane and Jian is more in shape and capacity。Although both are narrow -length，Dan wood chip can "as a board "，It has considerable amplitude，Personal more text，People are also called "version", "Fang" or "Zha"。"Yili · Shi Funeral" "Book of Books in Fang，Ruojiu、Ruoqi、Ruo Wu "Tip，Compared with one line、Jane written in the two lines，"Fang" can write many lines。It is because of the above features，In the case of a proper document，Frequent wood version，"Loar as a hundred books in Fang"，For "one -board description"，No need to compile a volume like bamboo slips，Wrong、Delievation。

Due to the differences in the plant varieties of North and South my country，牍 Documents are more common in the northwest border。In the second half of the 20th century，A large number of simple celles are found in the ancient wells of the official office of the two lakes area，Except bamboo quality，There are also a considerable amount of wooden，Ruye Qin Jianzhong unearthed in western Hunan，There are a lot of wooden simplifies with the characteristics of "one -board description"，Called "Solid Jane"。1996，Wu Jianzhong, a Three Kingdoms of Malou unearthed from Changsha, Hunan，Bamboo Slip accounts for most，But there are also wider bet365 live casino games woodwriting materials，One thing，Single that constitutes a public document，Cover the complete historical information，Treatment of the attention of academic circles，It is worth doing systematic finishing and research。

Bamboo and Mustel Document: Changsha Wujian "Last Treasure" 

Different status from new data layers such as Qin and Han Dynasties，The field of history of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties，The number of underground unearthed literature is relatively limited，Especially for the Three Kingdoms、Two promotion is very good。The Three Kingdoms is in the period of social change in the Han and Wei Dynasty，But for a long time，Abstracts about the handed down and unearthed literature on this period。Discovery of Wu Jian, the Three Kingdoms of Malaysia，greatly changes this situation。

1996，Changsha Cultural Relics Working Team cooperated with the city's basic construction，Discovery the ancient well group on the southeast side of Wuyi Plaza in the city center of the city center，In the ancient well site No. 22、Outside，Collect and excavate nearly 140,000 Jane，A small part of the year is the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty、Mainly during Sun Wu Jiahe (232-238)，Mr. Tian Yuqing named it "Changsha Walling Malaysia Three Kingdoms Wu Jian"。Wu Jian is rich in content，Diverse shape，It is the largest number found in my country to date、Most importantly unearthed literature in the Three Kingdoms era，Wide attention from all walks of life。

Wu Jianzhong，The most special shape is Da Mu Jian，Followed by bamboo slips (distributed and excavated simplified)，1999-2019，Wu Jian collects Tibetan units Changsha Jianyu Museum launched a total of Jianye graphic comparison of ten volumes、Twenty -nine volumes (that is, "The Jiahe Gong Min Tian Family"，"Bamboo Slip" [one] to [玖])，Completed the sorting of most Wu Jian。Confirmation of the collection，There are still nearly 400 puppet documents in the Wujian archives.。

Wu Jianzhong's Document Dead is similar to bamboo slips (22-29 cm long)，But it is obviously generous than it，Both width 4-5 cm、0.3-1 cm thick (bamboo slips are 0.5-1.2 cm wide、Thick 0.15 cm)，Most of the wooden boards，A few made of bamboo plates，"Bamboo and Wood"。Compared with the shattered by bamboo slips，Bamboo and wooden crickets are well preserved，Clear handwriting，Bet365 app download Always be made as account book、Official document or letter，Load information，Great research value，The essence of Wu Jian, Changsha，Can be called Sun Wu Jianqun's "Last Treasure"。

Although the following year was found in Wu Jian，Some representative wooden crickets can be published，But the focus of the past 20 years is bamboo slips。In the document，Only the inside of the remaining well can be arranged together with the excavation;，Never obtained the system finishing and publishing，Information is scattered everywhere。According to statistics，Nearly 400 documents from Changsha Jianyu Museum，Currently published about 1/4。Promote the scientific sorting of all scientific documents，In addition to the ten volumes of "Changsha Walking Malaysia Three Kingdoms Wu Jian"，Published another "Bamboo and Wood" Special，Even more urgent。

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Continuous exploration compared to the simultaneous collection and restoration method，In the past, the academic community did not pay enough attention to the particularity of the documents in the document，Here is the content and nature of Wu Jianzhongzhongzhumi，Special proposal "in -depth finishing" method，I hope to provide experience for the sorting and research of the scholarship in the future of Jane Jianye。

Specifically，Due to long -term underground，Corresponding rope decay，and received backlog in the well、The impact of the collapse of the well wall，Wu Jian has been scattered in the simplified album when unearthed，Original editing method is difficult to confirm，Therefore, the bamboo slips that are first launched，The target is not restored book，Mainly interpretation of text; in addition，Because Wu Jian is an ancient well Jian earlier in my country，No new technology has been adopted in bamboo slips，"Changsha Walking Malaysia Three Kingdoms Wu Jian" The first ten volumes of the version of the cultural relics publishing house with conventional means。Looking back now，The effect of Wu Jian is not ideal。

and Wu Jianzhong's Document，牍 牍，Rich in content。According to statistics，Undaled 牍 Documents include various officials' documents、Warehouse account book、Letter and sending records，Famous Strang、Xi Zi and other types of miscellaneous documents，Most of them are one thing，A large amount of information and concentration，The Bet365 lotto review situation of Dunhuang Turpan paper paper is more similar。

In view of the above situation，Economy of 牍 Documents，Detcking method with paper documents。Organization around Dunhuang Turpan documents，Fine cases are more common，Among them, the "deep collation" of the academic team of Tang Changzheng from Wuhan University on Turpan，Established a benchmark for the academic world。The so -called "deep finishing"，That is to sort it in research，On the basis of fully familiarity with the original and understanding content，Combine related documents、Records、punctuation、Disciples、Name、Notes，As a result。This approach，It can be used in the sorting of Wu Jian's unpublished 牍 牍。

Specifically，The first step is to use the infrared imaging instrument as a document to scan the positive、Back HD Picture，Keep a complete image record。​​The second step is the classification work，Starting from the content and document type，Integrated the scriptures，Communist division、Account Book、Letter、Four categories of miscellaneous documents、Fourteen small categories，Each type of attachment solution。The third step is the year、Interpretation and interpretation work。Bamboo 牍 牍 has a clear age of about 1/3，A large amount of information in the age of the document，First based on Qianzhi Shuo、Officer、Valid information such as people names，The year of the year; then use the history of calligraphy、Text、History knowledge，Interpretation of Documents for Documents、punctuation、Branch; Finally, according to the content of Wu Jian and the background of the history of the Three Kingdoms，Promote the test interpretation of key words and important system behind。

The "Deep Organization" process proposed based on the characteristics of the document，Difficult cases in the previous Three Kingdoms Wu Jian，If you understand the "painting" in the "Junjiao" document，Analysis of the instructions of the official in the document in the Xu Di Case，Reading of "Chiwu" in "Shi Peng's Document"，An interpretation of the identity of "private science" in the instrument，All made a key breakthrough。System operations make the ancient documents rejuvenate。

　　Wu Di Viewing Corner of Wu Yan's Documents and the History of the Three Kingdoms 

Three Kingdoms is a period of change in social development in the Han and Tang dynasties Bet365 app download for more than 800 years of social development，and the history of the Three Kingdoms was the base point of the study of the history of the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties，But recorded this history of handed down literature limited，Code system of various countries、Document Rites Law、Geographical folklore, etc.，Most no longer know。Looking at the research of the Three Kingdoms since the 20th century，Most of the high -level political history、Military History、Important historical events and characters deeply seeking cable，Rarely touching grass -roots society，And Cao Wei as the narrative center。Research on the local administrative system，Discussion of the county's court structure，Take Cao Wei as an example; the field of cultural history，Only Jian'an Qizi and Lixian literati，It provides the banner of the consciousness of literature in the times; the field of calligraphy history，New changes in calligraphy of the Three Kingdoms，You can "Luo Lower the New Wind".。Wu、The situation of Shu two countries，Dark background of hidden historical，sincerely for the academic world。In view of this，Some scholars have proposed the "Wu Shu Vision Corner" of the Three Kingdoms culture。But，Viewing angle conversion is also subject to control、Scarce of historical materials，It has always been the bottleneck of Sun Wu Shi research。

Jiangnan area under the jurisdiction of Sun Wu regime，In the past, there were only sporadic tombs and riversal gaps in the past，The content is mainly named、Repatriation, etc.，Changsha Wu Jian's batch unearthed，Change the above situation。History of Sun Wu，Cultivated by the scholars，Records major historical events and characters，And Wu Jian found in Changsha County and Linxiang Hou State Official Department，It belongs to the grass -roots archives，In order to inspect the order of Wu Di from the bottom up, the order of Wu Di and the operation of grassroots society，Provided historical support。Research on Sun Wu Shi with the help of Wu Jian，Over 20 years have achieved good results，The academic trend of the history of Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties has been led。Before 2019，Researchers are mainly facing bamboo slips，Simplication of Breakthrough Study，Reproduction of book recovery and integration，Bet365 lotto review On this basis, research on economic duration history。Comparison of comparison，Bamboo and wooden crickets "Raise in the deep girlfriend"，"Bamboo and Wooden" volume includes nearly 400 books in Wu Yan's book，Most of them are unblocked，and the nature of the official and private document of the core content，Starting from its content，Can see the complexity of the historical evolution of the Three Kingdoms、Uniqueness of Wu Di history，So you get new knowledge，Help academic research。

For example，Qin and Han three kingdoms implemented Jianye Document Administration，But until the end of the 20th century，The academic community knows very little about the local administrative and official form of the Three Kingdoms。Changsha Wu Jianzhong's Document，The content is the official document file of Jiangnan local，"Bamboo and Wooden" Volume Gong Cultural Classics、Guan Bai Documents、Plug -in documents，Inspection and seal in the letter category，Signing cards in the book category，All official documents produced by Sun Wu Linxiang County in daily administrative operation，Organize the test interpretation of it through it，It can reveal the operating mechanism of Sunwu County -level official document: The Cao of the county court is the production and bearer of the official document，Under the door is the hub of the official document。Wu Zhiben in the Qin system，It can also be used as the source of the official document of the Six Dynasties，Acting up and down and full of vitality。Based on this，It can further restore the establishment of the county -level units and the division of officials of the officials。

Another example，The three kingdoms in the late Han Dynasty are the period of Chinese calligraphy transformation，Gu Li、Eight points、Zhang Cao Xiang Kaishu、Book Book、Jincao evolution，Books are particularly iconic，The so -called "Luoxin New Wind" in the history of calligraphy，Speaking of the cutting edge of Cao Wei's book change，Sun Wu is conservatively stagnant。Well -known，The book was originally used for letters，"Three Kingdoms" is called "Xiangwen"，It is difficult to see the physical object of the Three Kingdoms for a long time，and "Bamboo and Wooden" volume is unique to Sun Wu Jiahe's communication between Changsha's officials and people during the years，Bet365 app download Among them, Zhou Xiangzhi's Book of Inner Brothers and his brother also directly mentioned "Xiang Wen"; observing the book body，One of the books in this one，There are also regular script、Cursive，Covering new、Old pen，It just shows that Sun Wuji is not adheres to the old Xi，I participated in the transformation of the book。This understanding，enough to fill the study of the study of the history of the three kingdoms。

The above is just a half -claws of Wu Yan's content，The information covered by the document involves local administration、Social Economy、Cultural customs、Life and belief in officials and people，rich academic value。Comprehensive use of text、Documents、Archeology、History and other multi -disciplinary methods，In -depth analysis of Wu Yan's documents，and check the relevant facts in a specific space -time inspection，I believe it can reverse the bias of the study of the history of the Three Kingdoms with Sun Wu as the supporting role，History of Wu Di with its original face。

　　(The author is the head of the National Social Science Foundation "Changsha Wallast Malaysia Three Kingdoms Wu Jianwu Magazine Bamboo Category Classification and Comprehensive Research"、Associate Professor of History College of Beijing Normal University)