In recent years，The cultivation of sociology in colleges and universities is increasingly important to pay attention to the teaching link。July 2023，The author and many teachers and students go deep into Qufu City, Shandong Province to conduct field surveys，I have accumulated a lot of methods of investigation and research and practical teaching，Communicate and share with colleagues in the academic community。

　　Bet365 lotto review

When listening to the problem that farmers talk about watering difficulties，Some students will not ask their details，Because they are hard to imagine the hottest three -volt season in the summer，What does it feel like it is not used every day。and the locals seem to be indifferent to the researchers，Lost the enthusiasm of telling。Difficulty in using practical water involves many complex factors，If the terrain of the village and the disruption of water pipes lead to insufficient water pressure。But why the water pipe is disrepair，Why did it repair it later? Why do ordinary people praise the new village secretary of the water pipe?。The village in my hometown has broken water for a month every summer，At this time, I hear the interview object.，I feel sympathetic，Painful expression on the face，The other party will speak when he sees it。

This example reflects the reverse inspection of the actor's ability to understand the ability of the actor。Researchers' bodies in physical space are present，Can't automatically open the door of the life of the actor's life。The actor will interpret the physical characteristics of the researcher as the "symbol"，Based on this inferring the extent of bet365 Play online games the researchers and themselves、What aspects are "similar people"，Then select the content what it tells is based on this similarity。As Mr. Fei Xiaotong said, "I see people see me"，The actor tries to find another "self" in researchers。

Researchers must call the physical feelings similar to the actor，Prove that I really understand the actors and let them know，can really open the two -way "empathy"，Then the research site is upgraded from a simple physical space to society -psychological "situation"，Only finally entered the threshold of the life world。From the perspective of phenomenology sociology,，Taking the body present as a medium，Interaction of experience and meaning between the subjects，It can break the closed cycle of "self -finger invitation" within each subject，Realize true mutual understanding。

　　Source flow integrated spectrum blend 

"Cultural Space" is the focus of this survey，Traditional sociological analysis ideas are directly from real physical space、Things、Event and other "space phenomena" refine the society and joint、Social structure、Power -interest pattern and other "space essence"。But，The space of the local people's life is in the flow change，As a result, local researchers cannot perceive the space phenomenon of the past。Sociology of phenomenology emphasizes "spatial phenomenon" and "spatial essence".，First of all, local people who live here for a long time interpret the space phenomenon，Then the intention analysis of the various symbols used in the interpretation of the interpretation，Finally found the essence of the academic space of its "pointing"。For example，In the interpretation of a spatial phenomenon of a aunt on marriage and funeral and marriage,，The reason why the locals invite some people as the host as the host is their "reliable"。"Reliable" bet365 live casino games people are mostly grass -roots cadres and elders in the village，and formally organized and informal contacts are the "spectrum" that they lean behind，Pointing to the cultural tradition of "homogeneity of home country"。The metaphor of the "Tunno Spring" used by Mr. Zhou Feizhou, the Department of Sociology of Peking University in a public speech，A "overall" flowing from the "source" is "spectrum" or spectrum。"Stream" is reproduction、Meaning of derivatives，For example, the ancestor as the origin can reproduce the hematopoietic spectrum，Those who are high -level as the origin can derive the scientific spectrum。Elders and grassroots cadres are exactly the two spectrums，Therefore, "spectrum" is a spatial essence。

To understand the "spectrum" in the eyes of the actor，Researchers may wish to reflect on the academic thought itself，It presents a similar "spectrum" structure to the life world of the actor。Just as American cultural sociologists Jeffery C. Alexander emphasized the "central status of classic text"，Sociology needs to "confess to the ancestors to return to the ancestors"，Back to your "fundamental source", that is, the theory of the classic masters。For Chinese sociology，Mr. Fei Xiaotong and others live in "source"。When the author and the students heard the "no litigation village" in the mouth of Qufu's grass -roots cadres，I feel that the content in "Local China" jumps in front of them; when the author and students heard the interviews actively talking to us when they heard the interviews around the Nanjing，I feel that the past field encountered with the current field。These experiences have brought us a surprise that encounters academic spectrum and life spectrum。

From more macro、Abstract Say，"spectrum" is the "existence of huge flow" in the flow of flow，But Bet365 lotto review the flow is not easy to detect。Only use different "spectrum" or "flow" interaction points as reference to reflect，Changes can be highlighted。Although the collision of the "flow" of life and academics is limited to the short "space" or "situation" at the research site，The reflection caused by it can surpass this situation at this time。The "Culture Shock" generated by this collision can inspire researchers' in -depth understanding of the world's hearts，Textwork。For example，It is difficult for students to understand the importance of the local people of Qufu on the relationship between mother -in -law and daughter -in -law.，Especially the grass -roots judicial workers and mediators directly view the mother -in -law as the source of "traceability governance"。Later we pay attention to，Locals interpret this view with "harmony"，But do not interpret it with "filial piety"。"He" and "filial piety" belong to the Confucian tradition，Why did people choose the former? We resort to the text to find enlightenment。Remember that Mr. Fei Xiaotong once said，The social relationship of the Chinese is the accumulation of private relations，So what kind of private relationship is more likely to accumulate? Father -son relationship based on "filial piety" is limited by family，Comparison of comparison，Po、Daughter has their own family members，And the mother's family has a mother and family，You can continue to accumulate outside the family，Even covering the entire society。In other words，The relationship between mother -in -law and mother -in -law is the "source" of social relations。But the Confucian tradition is still impact at a deeper level，My friend Lao Shen asked: "Isn't the daughter -in -law going out to work together?" This reminded me to notice，Everyone in the Bet365 app download same hall of several generations is still continuing，And the wife succeeds the husband who worked outside guards this big family。Further reflection found，The "top beam pillar" at home is absent from the big family in a way to work abroad，This associated social change，is the flow of macro social environment。

　　Knowledge and Film One Performance 

Field survey must not be close to profit。Researchers find "standard answers" if they live high.，It is often difficult to have substantial progress。Social knowledge comes from the movement of the movement "benefit" to the researcher，As a common sense as a person，Researchers also have to give acts in return。Examples of the aforementioned water problem have been told，Even if it is only listening to the actor "complaint"，The other party will also be "more comfortable"。

For the Chinese who live in an humane culture，Mutual understanding is the beginning of reciprocity。From unfamiliar to acquaintance, the technique is，Give the title of a family member of a stranger first，This means that the researchers find a self -positioning in the "spectrum" of the locals，Create conditions for further reciprocity。

After acquaintance，Mutual growth view is further mutual benefit。During this survey，A person in an institution takes out an ancient text for us，There is a short word in it，It may be expanded from the ancient monument。Then he said something meaningful: "The mountains and rivers，Everlasts in Staying。"Qufu, which has been inherited in Confucian culture for thousands of years，Various monuments can be seen everywhere，But it did not cause our reflection until this moment，Cultural research cannot ignore the cultural carrier of text。There are many presentations in text，If it is engraved on the monument、Print on the book、Brush on the bet365 best casino games wall、Put it on the wall、Disthling on the Internet，The update cost and inheritance time will also be different。Obviously，Update slow、For a long text，Records must be what the locals think of important。Later, we saw that "happiness is struggling" was engraved on the big archway at the entrance of a village，It is inferred that local villagers value this sentence，From this interview, many wonderful stories。The aforementioned our grasp of "Space In essence"，It can also be regarded as "Shi"。

Mutual mind is further mutual benefit。For example, a grassroots cadre talked about "Farmers who live upstairs to live in their lives，Questions about the green belt for planting vegetables，This immediately resonates with the author: "Limited income，The land has circulated again，3951_3960。"The eyes of the cadre immediately revealed the eyes of" our farmers have been understood "，After the interview, actively invite us to his house，This is a sign of a more intimate relationship。

Researchers in rural sociology have made a relatively in -depth analysis of the Chinese people's "different inside and outside" action logic，This is also applicable to field research，The knowledge obtained from entering the spectrum system is not the same as the knowledge obtained by the onlookers as strangers。The motivation to promote field research from "outside" and "inside" lies in mutual benefit，From the recognition of the "knowledge of the mutual" to mutual knowledge，The "love" attached to the exchange of actors and researchers is getting stronger and stronger，and the level of "rejoicing" is getting deeper and deeper。Overall，Researchers "report" is always smaller than the actor's "Shi"，Only the "Shi" is sublimated to the theoretic、Records as text，Huize's future Bet365 lotto review scholars and people，Only "Sky Vocational"。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund general project "Research on Rural Traditional Public Cultural Space and Rural Revitalization of Rural Perspectives in Phenomenology" (19BSH100) phase results) 

(The author is a lecturer at the Department of Sociology at the School of Humanities of Southeast University)