In recent years，The cultivation of bet365 bonus code louisiana majors in colleges and universities increasingly attaches great importance to practical teaching。July 2023，The author and many teachers and students went to Qufu City, Shandong Province to conduct field research，Accumulated a lot of insights on survey research and practical teaching methods，Exchange and share with academic colleagues。

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When listening to farmers talk about the problem of difficulty in drafting water，Some students will not ask for details，Because it is difficult for them to imagine the hottest period of summer，What is it like not having tap water every day。The locals seemed indifferent to the researchers，Lost the enthusiasm for telling。In fact, the water problem involves many complex factors，For example, the topography bet365 bonus code louisiana village and the disrepair bet365 bonus code louisiana water pipes lead to insufficient water pressure。But why are the water pipes in disrepair，Why was it repaired later？Why do people praise the new village party secretary for repairing water pipes？These stories are difficult to present without questioning。The author’s hometown village once had no water supply for a month every summer，At this time, I heard the interviewee’s story，The author has sympathy，A painful expression on his face，The other party continued talking after seeing this。

This example reflects the actor’s reverse examination bet365 bonus code louisiana researcher’s understanding ability。The physical presence bet365 bonus code louisiana researcher in the physical space，It does not automatically open the door to the actor’s life world。Activists will interpret the researcher’s physical characteristics as “symbols”，Based on this, we can infer to what extent the researcher is related to himself、In what aspects are "similar people"，Then choose the content bet365 bonus code louisiana story based on this similarity。As Mr. Fei Xiaotong said, "I look at others and look at me"，Activists try to find another "self" in researchers。

The researcher must invoke physical sensations similar to those bet365 bonus code louisiana actor，Prove that you truly understand the actors and let them know，Only in this way can two-way "empathy" be truly opened，Then the research site is upgraded from a mere physical space to a social-psychological "situation"，Finally crossed the threshold bet365 bonus code louisiana living world。From the perspective of phenomenological sociology，Using the body together as a medium，The interaction of experience and meaning is realized between subjects，The closed cycle of "self-referentiality" within each subject can be broken，Achieving true mutual understanding。

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“Cultural space” is the focus of this survey，The traditional sociological analysis idea is to directly start from the real physical space、Things、Social solidarity is extracted from “spatial phenomena” such as activities、Social Structure、Power-interest pattern and other "space essence"。However，The living space of local people is in a state of flux，Researchers who "temporarily stay" in the local area cannot perceive the spatial phenomena bet365 bonus code louisiana past。Phenomenological sociology emphasizes that there is a "spatial symbol" between "spatial phenomenon" and "spatial essence"，First, the spatial phenomenon was explained by local people who have lived here for a long time，The researcher then conducts an intentional analysis bet365 bonus code louisiana various symbols used in the interpretation，Finally found the theoretical spatial essence of its "pointing"。For example，In an aunt’s interpretation bet365 bonus code louisiana spatial phenomenon of weddings and funerals，The reason why local people always invite certain people to be hosts is because they are "reliable"。Most bet365 bonus code louisiana “reliable” people are grassroots cadres and village elders，The formal organization and informal connections are the “spectrum” behind it，Points to the cultural tradition of "homogeneity of family and country"。Borrowing the metaphor of "Baotu Spring" used by Professor Zhou Feizhou bet365 bonus code louisiana Department of Sociology of Peking University in a public speech，A "whole" flowing out from the "origin" is the "spectrum" or genealogy。“Flow” means reproduction、Derivative meaning，For example, blood lineage can be reproduced by using ancestors as the origin，The pedigree bet365 bonus code louisiana hierarchy can be derived from the person with the highest position。Elders and grassroots cadres belong to these two spectrums，Therefore "genealogy" is a spatial essence。

To understand the “spectrum” in the eyes of actors，Researchers may wish to reflect on academic thought itself，It has a similar “spectrum” structure to the actor’s life world。As the American cultural sociologist Jeffery C. Alexander)’s emphasis on “the centrality of classic texts”，Sociology needs to continue to “recognize our ancestors and return to our ancestors”，Look back to your "fundamental source", that is, the theories bet365 bonus code louisiana classic masters。For Chinese Sociology，Mr. Fei Xiaotong and others live at the "source"。When the author and students heard the term "litigation-free village" from grassroots cadres in Qufu，I feel that the contents of "Country China" are vividly before my eyes；When the author and my students heard the interviewee take the initiative to talk to us about Fei Xiaotong twice around Nanjing，I feel that the fields bet365 bonus code louisiana past and the fields bet365 bonus code louisiana present meet。These experiences have brought us surprises about the unexpected encounter between academic genealogy and life genealogy。

From a more macro perspective、In an abstract sense，"Spectrum" is the "great current of existence" in flux，But the change is not easy to detect。Only by using the interaction points of different "spectrums" or "flows" as a reference to start reflection，Changes can be highlighted。Although the collision bet365 bonus code louisiana "flow" of life and academia is limited to the short "space" or "situation" bet365 bonus code louisiana research site，The reflection it triggers can transcend this moment。The "culture shock" produced by this collision can inspire researchers to gain a deeper understanding bet365 bonus code louisiana world and people's minds，Resorting to deeper text work beyond the field。For example，It was difficult for the students to understand at first the importance that Qufu locals attach to the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law，Especially grassroots judicial workers and mediators directly regard the harmony between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law as the source of "traceable governance"。Later we noticed，The locals interpret this view as "harmony is the most precious"，But it is not interpreted as "filial piety"。“harmony” and “filial piety” both belong to the Confucian tradition，Why people choose the former？We turn to texts to find enlightenment。Remember Mr. Fei Xiaotong once said，Chinese people’s social relationships are the accumulation of personal relationships，So what kind of personal relationships are more likely to add up？The father-son relationship based on "filial piety" is limited by the family，In comparison，Po、Each daughter-in-law has her own family，And the natal family also has the natal family，Can be accumulated outside the family，Even covering the entire society。In other words，The relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law can be called the "source" of social relations。But Confucian tradition also exerts influence at a deeper level，The author’s friend Lao Shen asked back: “Don’t my wife go out to work together?”？"This reminds the author to pay attention，The ideal of a big family with several generations living under one roof still continues，The wife takes over the job of her husband who works outside to guard the big family。Further reflection and discovery，The “backbone” bet365 bonus code louisiana family is absent from the big family by working outside，This is related to social changes，That is, changes in the macro social environment。

　　Unity of bet365 bonus code louisiana and action, giving in return

Don’t rush for quick success。If researchers seek “standard answers” ​​bet365 bonus code louisiana a condescending position，It is often difficult to make substantial progress。Sociological knowledge comes bet365 bonus code louisiana actors “giving benefits” to researchers，As a human being，Researchers should also reward actors。The aforementioned examples of water problems have already told us，Even if you just listen to the activists "complaining their grievances"，The other party will also feel "much more comfortable"。

　For Chinese people living in a culture full of human touch，Mutual understanding is the beginning of reciprocity。The common technique from stranger to acquaintance is，First give the stranger a name as a family member，This means that the researcher finds a self-positioning in the "spectrum" bet365 bonus code louisiana local people，Create conditions for further reciprocity。

After getting acquainted，Increasing mutual knowledge is further reciprocity。During this survey，A staff member from a certain organization took out a piece of ancient prose for us to read，There are missing characters，Maybe it was carved from an ancient stele。Then he said something meaningful: "Carved mountains and rivers，Existence through the ages。”In Qufu, where Confucian culture has been passed down for thousands of years，Various inscriptions can be found everywhere，But it didn’t cause us to reflect until this moment，Cultural research cannot ignore the cultural carrier of text。And text has many forms of presentation，Like engraved on a monument、Printed in book、Brush on the wall、Posted on the wall、Posted on the Internet，The update cost and inheritance time will also be different。Obviously，Slow update、Long-lasting text，The records must be things that the locals think are important。Later we saw the sentence "Happiness comes from struggle" engraved on a large archway at the entrance of a certain village，It is inferred that local villagers value this sentence，Many wonderful stories emerged from this interview。Our grasp bet365 bonus code louisiana “essence of space” mentioned above，It can also be regarded as the actor’s “gift” to our knowledge。

Mutual understanding is further reciprocity。For example, a grassroots cadre said that "after farmers go upstairs to live together，The problem of "shoveling the green belt to grow vegetables"，bet365 bonus code louisiana immediately resonated with the author: "Income is limited，The land is transferred again，It’s understandable to grow some vegetables and eat them。”The cadre’s eyes immediately showed the look of “our farmers are understood”，Invited us to his home after the interview，bet365 bonus code louisiana is a sign of a closer relationship。

Researchers in rural sociology have made a relatively in-depth analysis bet365 bonus code louisiana Chinese people’s behavioral logic of “differences between inside and outside”，This also applies to field research，The knowledge gained by entering a genealogy is not the same as the knowledge gained as a stranger bystander。The driving force for promoting field research from "outside" to "inside" is reciprocity，From acquaintance to mutual "knowledge" to mutual understanding，The "emotion" attached to the exchange between actors and researchers is getting stronger and stronger，And the level of "empathy" is getting deeper and deeper。Overall，The "reward" bet365 bonus code louisiana researcher is always less than the "give" bet365 bonus code louisiana actor，Only by sublimating this "benefit" into academic theory、Record as text，Benefit future scholars and people，Only when you have fulfilled your “duty”。

　　(This article is a phased result bet365 bonus code louisiana National Social Science Fund general project "Research on Rural Traditional Public Cultural Space and Rural Revitalization from the Perspective of Phenomenology and Sociology" (19BSH100)

(The author is a lecturer in the Department of bet365 bonus code louisiana, School of Humanities, Southeast University)