firm maintenance of multilateralism is an important content of Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought。The multilateralism of diplomatic practice in the new era of major countries with Chinese characteristics is open tolerance、Multilateralism based on the common value of all mankind，Based on international rules、Maintenance of the United Nations authority and Charter's multilateralism，It is a negotiation and cooperation、Alone with the times、Multilateralism aims to reform and improve the global governance system。The scientific guidance of Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought and the specific practice of diplomatic diplomacy with Chinese characteristics，Discussion on deepening multilateralism、It is important to promote the innovation of international relations theory。

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Since the global financial crisis in 2008，The rise of emerging economies represented by China，Treating the reshape of international power structure，The end of the US hegemony。At the same time，Against globalization and populist thoughts、Power politics and unilateralist tide，Power of the New Liberal World Order、Specific and credible foundation is seriously damaged，Forecks of international system reform、Unable to adjust international specifications，International order is facing disorder risk in the transformation process。

other，Competitiveness in the relationship between the big country is continuously strengthened，It is difficult to get effective response to the major challenges and threats that are related to the survival and sustainable development of all human beings，Global governance deficit cannot crack，The governance crisis is further deepened。Since the epidemic in the new crown pneumonia，International anti -epidemic cooperation is affected by political manipulation，Politicalization of the Bet365 lotto review epidemic、Virus stigma、Traceability tools seriously obstruct global public health governance。In the field of environmental protection，Climate change、Lost biological diversity、Desertification intensifies、Extreme climate events frequently，Child a severe challenge to the survival and development of human beings。In the field of global development，Economic recovery is a common challenge facing countries in the post -epidemic era，But inflation、Debt、Energy、Supply chain crisis superposition，Economic recovery process twists and turns，Global poverty reduction results are severely eroded，Unde -balanced development and the gap between the rich and the poor in the world continue to expand。In the field of international trade，Due to the prevalence of unilateralism and protectionism，The system of multilateralism and free trade is impacted，Based on rules，Freedom、Open international trade order is destroyed，Strict damage to the interests of developing countries。

Facing unprecedented governance problems in many fields in the world，Multilateralism and multilateral cooperation not only have not been strengthened，Instead, major setbacks encountered。The geopolitical competition of the continuous exacerbation of the geopolitical competition has led to some multilateral cooperation rupture，Multilateral processes in some areas have become tools for the scope of the power of great powers，Going to the group、Politicalization、Militaryization。This trend has exacerbated world division，or even local conflict。

　　Traditional multilateralism practice and their dilemma

After the Cold War，Multilateralism is unprecedentedly active，Related theoretical system is increasingly rich。American power multilateralism、European specification multilateralism、ASEAN negotiation unanimous multilateralism，It is the main type of multilateralism in the current international interaction。

U.S. power multilateralism is defined by new freedom institutionalism and new freedom internationalism。But，In international political discourse and practice，Bet365 app download People often only emphasize their regularity，Ignoring the dominant role of power factor，and the relationship between power and rules。The representative scholar of the new free institutionalism in the United States Robert Kouhan is looking back at his research，Acknowledge of power factors is at the core position。He pointed out，The hegemony is mainly materialized，has little to do with values ​​or attractiveness; mutual dependence is the concept of realism，Among them, power is in the core position;，Vulnerability depends on each other is strategic significance，Because power mainly comes from non -known fragility and dependence; in the cooperation of international system，Power of power not only formulate rules，And you can as needed，Change the political framework and game rules that are not good for yourself。Power -led multilateralism is also rational and multilateralism，In international political practice，Become a contract or transaction。The country of hegemony passes through the transfer of part of the decision -making power，In exchange for support from other acts，To maintain the stability of the hegemony system。So，The dilemma of American multilateralism is the binary paradox of rules and power，Rules This application is used in the right to binding power，But in turn serving power。

Europe, which is based on "standardized power", respects multilateralism based on universal norms，Emphasis。For example，European scholars think，The regional multilateral mechanism generated in the new region of the new region in the 1990s is the democracy，Regional cooperation from top and down in recent years is the hierarchical system，Regional organizations may transform into the scope of power or regional groups led by large powers in geopolitical competition in large countries。At the same time，Some scholars have proposed，Global governance and multilateralist mutual achievements。If a more effective multi -level global governance system is formed in the future，It is more likely to promote more legitimacy、More efficient multilateralism; if global Bet365 lotto review governance continues to weaken，will strengthen global fragmentation trends，Power politics appears、Hybrid games such as functional cooperation and different types of multilateralism。The predicament of European normative multilateralism is that it is difficult to get rid of European centralism，leading to diversity and one yuan、Universal and local contradictions protruding，On the one hand, emphasizing multiple values，On the other hand, European practice is the standard，As a result, local knowledge outside Europe is difficult to obtain legitimacy recognition。

ASEAN's multilateralism based on sovereignty and non -interference in the principle of internal affairs，Implement the minimum institutionalization of institutionalization and negotiation。Low institutionalization gives member states more autonomy and independent behavior space，In exchange for the support and persistence of the system; the principle of decision -making principles consistent means that only when all members agrees，The proposal can pass。The difference between the consensus and consistent decisions of negotiation is the process of negotiating and seeking consensus，In the case of the opinion left，Actively negotiated by all parties，Seeking an intermediate plan、The maximum number of divisions and the maximum consensus，To maintain unity、Promoting cooperation and move forward。The process of negotiation and consensus is also fully communicated、Enhance understanding、Take care of each other、The process of building trust，This is completely different from the "one -vote veto" in unanimous decisions。In the case where the members of the member's heterogeneity and strength are obvious，The principle of consistent negotiation gives the weak to express opinion of the weak，Maintain the interests of the weak。So，ASEAN's multilateralism practice is to be united with tolerance、Multilateralism that maintains cooperation with a weak system。but，Its efficiency and larger scope of applicability have been questioned。

　　Promoting the construction of new multilateralism

Contemporary World Politics Bet365 app download presents a diversified development situation，Multi -thought、Diverse practice and multiple behaviors have become an important force for shaping the world's political process。In the case of continuously strengthening or even deteriorating between big powers，Multilateralism for building a new type of international relations、Improve international cooperation、Reform and improvement of global governance have irreplaceable effects。So，Based on the existing multilateral concepts and practice，New multilateralism construction that promotes the new situation and new challenges，It is a major problem that needs to be discussed in the theoretical and policy circles。

First，On the basis of value orientation and specifications，New multilateralism should be diversity、tolerance、Non -Elementary。Under the perspective of critical theory, multilateralism emphasizes the bottom -up global social process，Pay attention to the role of grassroots civic society and social forces。What is more important than a diverse behavior is，New multilateralism should recognize and respect the diversified value and concepts，Beyond Western Centralism、National centralism and ideological differences，Adhering to the open and inclusive attitude towards the principles of different concepts，Emphasizing the common value of all human beings and the community identity of the human destiny and the common destiny。At the same time，Guiding thoughts and basic principles based on tolerance，New multilateralism to respond to the multilateral process of different system forms holds an open attitude，Allow multi -layer multiple multilateral mechanisms in parallel development、Supplement to each other，Comparative improvement of the global governance system，Maintenance of benign and stable development of the international system。

Next，New multilateralism should be committed to institutionalized big country cooperation and policy coordination。Facing different fields、Governance issues in different areas，New multilateralism advocates use the interests of interests bet365 Play online games as the main body，Responsibility based on the principle of ability。Construction of a multilateral cooperation framework through negotiation and coordination，Formulate a governance plan。But，Cooperation is not equal to harmony，The policy and behavior of each behavior in harmony is considered to be beneficial to the realization of the goal of others，Cooperation originated from the conflict between behavior and interests，That is, the behavior of the behavior regards the behavior of others as the obstruction of the realization of the self -goal。So，Cooperation is essentially the process of resolving the conflict of interest through policy coordination，It is a bargaining price、Political behavior that adjusts each other。The competition in the world's unreasonable changes in the world does not reject cooperation，The more competition in the big country, the more intensified、When the risk of conflict risks is rising，The more the country needs to be normalized、institutionalized policy coordination，Promoting new multilateral cooperation，Promote strategic coordination with pragmatic functional cooperation，Balance between the country and the country、interests between the country and the world，Prevent conflict risk upgrade。

Last，New multilateralism should also be continuously improved for negotiation consensus between lines。The heterogeneity of the behavior is protruding、In the absence of trust，Respect each other、Equality negotiation，Take care of each other、Work hard to seek consensus，It is out of the conflict dilemma、The only way to resolve "strategic opponents" and other power politics and ideology against thinking。In this process，The cooperation between the behavior of the behavior should surpass the rationality of the tool，Reached a deeper mutual understanding and identity。So，Construction and trust construction of cooperation confidence should become the goal of new multilateralism。In this respect，ASEAN Experience is worthy of research and learning in the international community。

Current，In -depth adjustment bet365 best casino games of the international pattern，The uncertainty of world politics further increases，Answer "What should we do" about the question of this era。Adhering to the concept of community of human destiny、Promote true multilateralism、Build a new type of international relations，It is the Chinese plan that responds to the question of this era。The multilateralism advocated by China is to maximize the opening of cooperation and tolerance、Persevere new multilateralism of mutual respect and mutual understanding，It will help all parties to play enthusiasm and energy，Breaking the structure，Respect each other in construction、Reform and improve global governance in the process of new types of international relations，Maintain and promote the well -being of all human beings，Turn towards the goal of building a community of human destiny。

(The author is a professor at the School of International Relations of the University of International Business and Trade)