International Development (also known as international development cooperation) refers、Technology) Transfer activity。International development began in the late 1940s，During the longer historical period，Western developed countries headed by the United States and Europe occupy a dominant position in the field of international development。Entering the 21st century，With more and more emerging powers represented by China, more and more participation in international development，International development practice and knowledge have become more diversified，The theory of international development has gained the motivation for further innovation。

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Looking at the evolutionary history of international development theory，Under the common promotion of practical feedback and theoretical reflection，The theory of international development is in the process of dynamic innovation，There is a certain intergenerational change feature。

The 1950s，Modernization Theory dominates the international development knowledge system。This theory equates "modernization" with "Westernization"，Draw the West as "Development instructor"，It is believed that the development of backward areas will be realized with its comprehensive learning of Western lifestyles and political organization models。Obviously，Modernization Theory for romantic imagination of the West，and its linear understanding of development has huge defects，But it still successfully shaped the core of Western centralism of Western development theory。

Since the 1960s，The dependence bet365 best casino games theory proposed by Latin American scholars deeply reveals the essence of exploitation of the Western capitalist world system，It is pointed out that the development of the Western world should be based on the continuous backwardness of the non -Western world，This impact on modernization theory。but，The theory of attachment has an excessive emphasis on the tendency of the negative aspect of the world system，As a result, the development policy under its guidance is not good。

2080s，New Liberal Development Theory becomes dominant international development theory。to emphasize the free market and globalization、Refusing government intervention as a kernel new liberal development theory, the reason why the theory of new liberal development theory can gain dominance，Thanks to many factors。

Since the 1990s，The theory of the development of new liberalism contempts to contempt for the government's role and start to get the attention of the academic community。Scholars start with the political and economic logic of East Asian miracles，Emphasized government depth of the "Four Asia"、Actively intervene、Guide the operation of the market。The above new understanding of the above becomes part of the "retrieved government" movement of the international development，Then it promoted the operating logic of scholars on the development of the government、Research on issues such as the mechanism of the development of the government。

Simply sorting out the historical context of international development theory innovation tells us，The main driving force of the theoretical innovation of international development is theoretical reflection and practical feedback。On the one hand，Scholars on issues such as "the relationship between the government and the market", "the role of the international system", and "the influence bet365 live casino games of the government and the specific system" and other issues fierce debate。These theoretical disputes have become the basic motivation to promote the update of international development theory。On the other hand，Since international development is a very practical field，Feedback of policy performance，Cooperation and strengthening the motivation of theoretical reflection。For example，The generation of attachment not only stems from the criticism of the theory of modernization，It is difficult to obtain development after Latin America integrates into the Western system。

It is worth noting that，Although international development theory has always been in the process of dynamic innovation，But the behavior mode of the West showing a relatively stable feature when engaged in international development cooperation。First，Western -style international development cooperation is based on interventionism。2，With the development of the theory of neo -liberal development (and many patch)，Western -style international development cooperation activities to emphasize institutional reform and social development，There is a tendency to "get rid of reality"。third，Western development financing emphasizes high preferentiality，This helps to enhance the morality of its intervention behavior to a certain extent。

　　Diversification of the practice of China and international development 

The rise of China has a significant impact on the dominant position of the West in the international political and economic system。In the field of international development，The innovation caused by China is most prominent in practice。

China has a long history when participating in international development。Since China has given the first foreign aid in 1950，China's support for developing countries has never stopped。Before bet365 best casino games the reform and opening up，Based on Foreign Aid Eight Principles，China's foreign aid is guided by the needs of aid countries、No additional conditions、Focus on physical and productive items、High discounts of funds。Since the reform and opening up，China prominent mutual benefit and win -win、Improvement efficiency is the principle，A selected reform of the traditional aid mode。First，Requirements orientation、The principles and practices of no additional conditions such as no additional conditions are continued。2，China According to its own conditions，Began to turn the key cooperation to infrastructure projects。third，China is striving for diversified sources of cooperation funds，To achieve cost reduction and efficiency。The proposal of the "Belt and Road" initiative has further promoted the innovation of China's international development cooperation practice。China's international development cooperation in the new era is "discussion、Co -construction、Sharing "is the principle，Continue to strengthen the "infrastructure+" cooperation mode，and gradually absorb the World Bank with the premise of insisting on diversified hybrid funds、International Monetary Fund and other institutions on loan sustainability、Security guarantee and other rules。

The development of practice has also promoted the development of academic research。The research on Chinese academic circles on China's international development cooperation has mainly been described as the main policy。But in recent years，Related research began to make new progress，"Development Guidance" and "Parallel Experience Sharing" and other concepts and theories will help us better refine the characteristics of China's international development practice.。

With the increase in international public goods provided by China，The demonstration effect of bet365 live casino games China different from the Western international development cooperation model is increasingly obvious，Western international development cooperation practice also emphasizes the mobility and infrastructure project of the partner country，This part has impacted the market、Liberal Development Paradigm of Social and Intervention。Of course，The adjustment made by the West may be more right and appropriate。In -depth innovation of international development theory and practice，In addition to the practical efforts，It also needs to build an innovative international development theoretical system。

　　Constructing China's international development theoretical system 

A mature international development theory requires at least core concepts (answering the target questions of development)、Development logic (answer the internal mechanism of development)、Support method (answer how the international community should support the problem of backward countries)。The characteristics of China's international development practice model have been relatively prominent，Based on this，You can also work in three aspects，Further construct more systematic、Professional and promoted China International Development Theory。

First，Clear development vision is the basis for the construction of international development theory。Clear with the connotation of "Chinese -style modernization"，Humanism in China's new development concept、Ecologicalism、Worldist characteristics are even more prominent。Based on this，Can further promote China's new development concept and traditional Western development concept，Dialogue and mutual learning between other non -Western development concepts。

2，The academic community has a deep research on the development of China's development。In recent years，The academic community especially emphasizes the key significance of the government for development: under the leadership of the Communist Party bet365 best casino games of China，Governments at all levels coordinate，Provide institutional guarantee for economic development，Policies in motivation、Market cultivation and other means to guide the upgrade of the industrial structure。Logic problems around the government's in -depth participation in economic development，"Championship", "Guiding Creative Change", "Development Demonstration" and other theories are proposed，"New Structural Economics" theoretical system is also continuously enriched。Based on this，Further condense the theoretical consensus of the main promotion mechanism of the development of the academic community，Integrated all kinds of middle -level theories into an Bet365 lotto review independent knowledge system in China，It will help shape a stronger academic discourse。

Third，Restore the theory of development with Chinese characteristics into general、The theory of promotionable development，It is the knowledge basis necessary for providing development plans for backward countries。To achieve this goal，You need to fully grasp the national conditions of your partner country，Therefore, the development theory originated from China for targeted localization modification。At the same time，It also needs to discuss how to reconcile the production of China's international development theory、Application and Communication。Except the theoretical construction itself，China International Development Theory If you want to "go global"，Also pay attention to the platform (such as discipline construction、Learn、Journal、International Organization, etc.) The key role of knowledge production and dissemination。

　(Author Unit: School of International Relations and Public Affairs of Fudan University)