"bet365 sports are the ladder of human progress。”Gorky’s famous saying vividly illustrates the relationship between bet365 sports and civilization。bet365 sports are a necessary condition for humans to be at the top of the biological chain，It turns civilization into a tangible substance that can be accumulated and learned faster，Without having to rely on slow genetic inheritance。Four great inventions that the Chinese nation is proud of，There are only two items related to bet365 sports。Leadership in papermaking and engraving printing technology，Let our cultural production and accumulation be at the forefront of the world in the Middle Ages。If you don’t stick to the physical form of bet365 sports，So bet365 sports have a longer history in ancient China，The identity of the "library director" of the pre-Qin thinker Lao Dan (History under the Pillar)，Already foreshadowed the collection of bet365 sports and thoughts、Direct relationship between culture。

What Shi Wen saw，There was already a custom of collecting bet365 sports among the scholar-bureaucrats in the Tang Dynasty，It reached its peak after the end of the Song Dynasty，The academic atmosphere and literary style of this generation are therefore very different from those of the previous generation。According to the views of the sages，Southern culture as a whole surpassed that of the north in the Yuan Dynasty。In addition to the high degree of urban and rural economic development，江、Zhejiang、The developed book industry in the three places of Fujian is also the most obvious sign。The spread of bet365 sports nourishes culture，It is also the best decoration of culture。Qian Qianyi once said: "Since the Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of the country，A liberal scholar who loves the ancient times，Collection from Zhongwu。Nanyuan Yushi、Lizeze Yushi、Lushan Chen Family，The wealth of bet365 sports, gold and stone，A in the sea。”It’s hard for us to say，It is cultural development that drives economic development，It is economic development that has given rise to cultural prosperity。All that is certain is，Wuzhong (now part of Suzhou) where the literature was most prosperous at that time，It is also the richest place in the world。

Speaking of the prosperity of Wuzhong literature，We must mention the compilation of "Sikuquanshu" in the 37th year of Qianlong's reign (1772)，This is a major event in the history of Chinese culture。"Sikuquanshu" is divided into seven parts，Divided and stored in the inner court and Yangzhou、Zhenjiang、Hangzhou and other places，Wenhui Pavilion、The volumes in Wenzong Pavilion and Wenlan Pavilion are the so-called "Southern Pavilions"，Let the scholars read in the pavilion，Isn’t this the prototype of China’s public library？Before this，Folk reading mainly relies on private collections。And those houses with collections of bet365 sports，There are many bet365 sports and they are kept secret，bet365 sports circulating in the world are not sold by factories。"Sikuquanshu" library is now open，The book that conquers the world，The old family has many rare bet365 sports and secret bet365 sports to offer，The compiler took the opportunity to issue money again，As a result, a large number of rare ancient bet365 sports were circulated in the world，stimulated the development of private collections，Bring scholars at the same time、The exchanges and interactions among bibliophiles and the prosperity of scholarship during the Qianjia period。

The famous cultural "salon" during the Qianlong period，Like Sun Xingyan’s Pingjin Pavilion，Weng Fanggang’s Small Stone Sail Pavilion，Wang Chang’s Lanquan Bookstore、Pu Brown Mountain House，Zhu Jun’s Jiaohua Yinfang，Ruan Yuan’s Dingxiang Pavilion、Bible Study Room、Langhuan Fairy Hall，They are all famous collection houses。This type of salon hosts or sponsors cultural undertakings，From the residences of dignitaries to the residences of wealthy businessmen in various places，It is also a striking phenomenon in the Qianlong era。As Yuan Mei said: "Peace will last for a long time，The wealthy people in China。Businessman and doctor，Gu Aying from Mugu、Xu Liangfu’s style，Accumulating book history，Guangkaitanhuo。"Studying the literature of the Qianlong period、Academic grand occasion，We cannot ignore the historical atmosphere filled with the fragrance of bet365 sports。

Indeed，The Qiang-Jia Dynasty was perhaps the most glorious era in the history of Chinese book collection，The stability and prosperity of society as a whole have fostered a strong culture of book collecting，The team of bibliophiles and the scale of collections have reached unprecedented levels，The famous bet365 sports of Song and Yuan Dynasties, which have always been circulated in an orderly manner, are gradually concentrated in the hands of a group of bibliophiles with strong financial resources and sophisticated knowledge，Achieved a star-studded era of book collecting。And Zhou Xizhan, who is famous as the "Four Friends of Book Collection"、Gu Zhikui、Huang Pilie、Four Yuan Tingyi，It is the most outstanding representative。

"The Four Friends of Book Collection" can generally be classified as connoisseurs，Strive to engrave the name of Song Dynasty，Excellent in version research，is their common characteristic。Pay special attention to the source of Tibet，Every time you get a book, you must know its origin and even how much it cost，In short, he is the most focused on the collecting activity among the book collectors。Their collection not only has high edition value，And most of them have handwritten notes，Record the traces of the spread of his bet365 sports and the similarities and differences in versions，The most valuable reference for investigating the collection and distribution of ancient bet365 sports。Miao Quansun and Wang Xinfu compiled Huang Pilie's inscriptions and postscripts respectively，Compiled into "Inscriptions and Postscripts on Huangxupu Collection of bet365 sports" and its sequel，A must-read book for document collectors。Present，We need to study the spread of ancient bet365 sports in the Qing Dynasty，This is still the most important historical data。

However，Although the "Four Friends bet365 sports" had the same name at the time，The secret behind you is different。Huang Pilie has attracted much attention from literature scholars，And Zhou Xizhan、Gu Zhikui、Yuan Tingyi and the others are rarely mentioned。For this，A few years ago，When my student Liu Peng said he planned to do research on "Four Friends bet365 sports"，I think it is a very valuable topic。

Philology has recently been included in university courses，Always divided into versions、Directory、Collate three sections。Bringing collections into the perspective of philology，Starts from "Xiaoyi Guangyi" co-authored by our predecessors Mr. Cheng Qianfan and Senior Xu Youfu。The "Narrative" of this book clarifies the status and significance of the collection from the perspective of philology for the first time: "Collated based on the edition，Directed by editor，Collected by catalog，Always organized，Including beads，Si Naixiang、General practice of writing bet365 sports since Xin Dynasty，This is the criterion for our current study。”The book first invented “the establishment of collection science and the function of collection”，Then use the collection unit、Book Collection、bet365 sports lost、Book storage、Five chapters on book circulation discuss the basic contents of book collections，The core content has many intersections with the history of book distribution。

As everyone knows，The learning of our ancestors is based on the proofreading of literature，The first published papers all involved literature research，Middle-aged advocates a literary research method that combines textual research and criticism，In his later years, he introduced scholars and published his purpose through philology and literature and art，That’s why all the scholars bet365 sports family take philology as the way to study，Bo You’s writings，Mostly found in literature、Between Literature。

At the beginning，Liu Peng was admitted to the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Study a master’s degree with me，I also heard this purpose。He has a solid foundation in literature，Worked with Li Tao, who was in the same class, to compile "Piling Collection Annotations"，At the doctoral stage，Can still read basic classics in a down-to-earth manner，Read the "First Four Histories" one by one，Written a lot of notes，It makes me feel rare。Precisely because of his good literature foundation，On the contrary, I often remind myself to read more theoretical bet365 sports，Develop the ability to think theoretically。His doctoral thesis is based on the relationship between poetry in the early Tang Dynasty and "Selected Works"，Inherited in the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty、Extract and analyze the examples from "Selected Works" one by one，Using a seemingly clumsy but actually very intuitive way to show the fact that poetry in the early Tang Dynasty was deeply influenced by "Selected Works"。

After graduation，Liu Peng works at the National Library Development Institute，I am happy that he got a good job，At the same time, I regret that it may be difficult for him to devote himself to the study of poetry。After all, academic research must choose topics and research types based on the conditions provided by the environment，In the National Library, a document center，Working on related versions、Catalogue research is the best choice。Learned that he participated in the project of "Compilation and Research of Titles and Postscripts of Tibetan and Chinese Ancient bet365 sports in Mainland China"，Compilation of handwritten inscriptions and postscripts in rare bet365 sports of national maps，And became interested in the history of collecting bet365 sports，I am very happy，And believe in his talent and hard work，Promises to become an excellent version、Catalog Scholars。

Eight years have passed in the blink of an eye，Liu Peng in version、Have considerable accumulation in bibliography，Research on the history of book collections is also carried out step by step。After re-editing and editing Xupu bet365 sports and postscripts，His life stories and dealings with the "Four Friends of the Book Collection"、The traces of the exchanges have been carefully verified，Published a series of research results，Integrated "Manuscript on the History of Book Collection in the Qing Dynasty" (Intellectual Property Press, 2018 edition)。

So-called research on the history of book collection，No more than two elements: people and bet365 sports，The former involves the bibliophile’s collecting interests and scope、Financial ability and transaction experience、Contents such as preservation methods and research activities，The latter involves the circulation of bet365 sports、Dizang、Parting, reunion, final destination, etc.。Editor of the book，Interpretation book，The second part is between people and bet365 sports。As an introduction, "Contents of Research on the History of Collection of bet365 sports in the Qing Dynasty"、Method and Vision" article，Expresses Liu Peng’s complete set of thoughts on the study of the history of book collection in the Qing Dynasty，It is a programmatic text with significance for discipline construction。Evaluation of each article in the text，It’s all based on his own research and discovery。Especially the chapter involving the "Four Friends of Book Collection"，Unpublished in academia，Major contributions to the study of book collection history in the mid-Qing Dynasty。Other papers，or parsed version，Or explanatory questions and postscript，Everyone can understand the origin of book collection，Many hair loss。Browse the entire book，It can be seen that Liu Peng has been immersed in classics over the years、The academic imprint of endless improvement。

When the teacher was at Nanjing University, he supervised graduate students in two majors: classical philology and Tang and Song poetry studies，Now I am a tutor in two majors: Classical bet365 sports and Classical Documents at South China Normal University，To be honest, I don’t know how to teach bet365 sports majors。Although I was studying for a master’s degree at Guangxi Normal University，Also learned edition and bibliography from Mr. Hu Guangzhou，But later I found out that except for some superficial concepts，There is basically no systematic knowledge left in my mind。

Years of exploring ancient bet365 sports，Make me feel more and more，Philology is a highly practical subject，Much of this knowledge cannot be taught to you by textbooks or handouts。Especially knowledge of directories and versions，Look through bet365 sports frequently，I understand naturally，On the other hand, if you don’t come into contact with ancient bet365 sports，Only look at previous works，Ultimately still a layman。This means，Philology is a basic discipline engaged in the study of literature and history，Proficient version、Bibliography knowledge，Just enter ancient history、The “ticket” for cultural studies。

I am happy to see，Despite guarding Tianlu Linlang’s hiding place，Liu Peng has no self-limited version、Directory Research，Instead, he turned his attention to the history of book collection。This is a newer version、Bibliography is an academic field with a broader vision，It reflects and shapes the development of ancient Chinese culture from one side。Especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties，The country gentry class has acted as the host or sponsor of local cultural undertakings to a large extent，Those bibliophiles with the most wealthy bet365 sports often become cultural spokespersons that attract attention from all over the world，His success has also become a symbol of the rise and fall of local culture。This makes the study of collection history naturally become an important branch of cultural history study。In this sense，Who can say that the study of collection history is not a university subject worthy of attention？I look forward to the academic vision expressed in this book，Can become a reality in the near future。