"The Fourteenth Five -Year Plan of the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of the Metropolitania Target in 2035" is clearly proposed，Improve the mechanism of urban and rural integration development system。Establish and improve equal exchange of urban and rural elements、Two -way flow policy system，Promoting elements more to rural flow，Enhanced agricultural and rural development vitality has become a guidance for urban and rural integration and development in the new era。Improve the development mechanism of urban and rural integration，Promote the effective integration of rural construction and urbanization development，For the modernization of agricultural and rural areas，It is significant to enhance the motivation and toughness of the sustainable development of my country's economic and society。

　　Bet365 lotto review

The academic mechanism of urban and rural integration and development can be traced back to the "dual economic structure" theory proposed by Arthur Lewis, a well-known British development economist in the 1960s。This theory divides the socioeconomic economy into two major industrial departments，that is, modern industry and traditional agriculture。There is a huge gap in the labor productivity of the two major departments，In the process of agricultural labor transfer to the modern industrial department，Labor productivity of the whole society is constantly increasing，Per capita income has also continued to increase。According to this theory，If the surplus labor force of the agriculture is successful, all the transfer is successful，Urbanization、Industrialization and social modernization will be basically completed。

Looking back on China's reform and opening up for more than 40 years，The rapid development of urbanization and industrialization，A large amount of agricultural and rural labor has been successfully transferred to non -agricultural sector and city，Promoting uninterrupted high -speed growth during the period of promoting economic agent。but，So far，Although the urbanization rate of the permanent Bet365 lotto review population has exceeded 60%，The urbanization rate of the population of the household registration is only 45%。Two obvious different urbanization rates，On the one hand, it shows that China's urbanization and industrialization process has not yet reached what Lewis said "inflection point"，On the other hand, it also reflects the different "dual economic structure" mode that is different from the traditional "dual economic structure" mode。One of the characteristics of China's "dual economic structure" is manifested in the process of industrialization of agricultural labor.，instead of Lewis's assumption; another feature is manifested in the impact of China's household registration system and rural land policy on farmers' entry and settlement.，That is to say，The process of urbanization in China does not exactly depends on market behavior，Instead, it is subject to the current institutional arrangement。

Entering a new normal in the Chinese economy，Especially after the per capita GDP exceeds the $ 10,000 mark，The continuous growth pressure of per capita income is increasing，Originally relying on a lot of labor，Especially migrant workers enter the city work to promote the extensive growth model of urban economy and industrial development.。Further economic growth needs to be expanded from cities to vast countryside，Make full use of rural land、Labor and other natural resources，Provides greater development space and rotation room for high -quality development of urbanization industrialization。Therefore，Urban and rural integration development，Reduce the gap between urban and rural areas，Not only the problem of solving the long -term low of rural population income，It is the power source of the power of sustainable and high -quality development in the country。

In 2020, my country achieved comprehensive poverty alleviation under the current standard conditions，Complete the United Nations proposed by the United Nations in 10 years in advance to eliminate any form of poverty sustainable development goals，Contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese plan for the fighting poverty to eliminate poverty。The huge advantage of socialism with Chinese characteristics is that it can be based on the "trickle effect" generated bet365 live casino games by economic development，Concentrated strength to achieve "poverty" and "inclusive" growth，Make social resources tilt towards backward poverty -stricken areas，Strict standards of "two don't worry about three guarantees"，Through development industry、Ecological compensation、Ecological compensation、Develop education and social security pockets，Practice the backward areas and the poor、Multi -dimensional、To help from village to households to people，until it is fully poverty alleviation。

To consolidate the results of poverty alleviation，Ensure that the results of the sustainable economic growth of the national economy are more beneficial to backward areas and low -income farmers，In the next five years，Even in a longer time，The system and intensity of China's assistance to poverty -stricken areas and poor families will not change。Rural poverty alleviation and development work is not end，but at a higher level、Based on higher quality，Entering a more complicated and challenging development stage。The focus of poverty alleviation and weakness in the new era will shift from the elimination of poverty to reduce the relative poverty，Shin from eliminating material poverty to the elimination of spirit and cultural poverty，At the same time, the economic income growth rate of low -income people can not be less than lower than the national per capita income growth rate，Especially through urban and rural integration development，Efforts to narrow the income gap in urban and rural areas，Realize national balanced development and common prosperity。

　　Unblocked fusion development factor flow mechanism

Difficulties and challenges of urban and rural integration and development are many aspects，Including the current institutional obstacles、Three aspects of voluntary choice disorder of factor circulation and agricultural transfer。

First，Urban and rural development policy uneven problems。In the town area，Long -term household registration system and administrative division management policy is promoting the orderly flow of population、It has played a very positive and effective role to prevent blind entering the city。In the process of urbanization in the past 40 years，The number and scale of the cities in our country will grow rapidly，This reflects the quality of my country'Bet365 lotto review s urbanization development。In rural areas，Agricultural production has become an important guarantee for residents' survival。Land reform in the early 1950s，Make Chinese farmers all have the right to use land and operating rights，Farmers' household labor can be reasonably divided between agricultural production and migrant workers，To obtain the largest family income。If migrant workers enter the city to work, they encounter difficulties，Back to my hometown for farmers to become a guarantee，Difficulties in survival if you do not stay in the city and become unemployed。To a certain extent，Agricultural production、Rural land and housing，It is an important livelihood supplement and insurance for hundreds of millions of migrant workers in China，It is also an important guarantee for the long -term stable development of urbanization and industrialization in China。But with the continuous improvement of urbanization and industrialization，Urban employment opportunities and living spaces are getting larger and larger，The auxiliary role of home farming and life is not as important for most migrant workers，The household registration system and the land policy have become an institutional obstacle for the development of urban and rural integration to a certain extent。

Next，The low efficiency flow of rural land and other resource elements restricts the distribution of factor in integration and development of urban and rural areas。Land policy is closely related to rural labor flow。More and more rural labor and families can find stable jobs in the city，Also the same as the urban population，I bought my own housing，Live a stable urban life，Therefore, the possibility of unemployment and poverty continues to decrease。but，There are also some people who habitually believe that rural land and homestead are still a living insurance，When living in the city, there is a considerable scale of rural land and homestead，These rural land and homesteads have been idle for a long time，Forms a peculiar phenomenon of "Land -Labor Power -Capital"，great waste of land and other production resources，Obstacles agricultural professionalization、scale and modernization development。

Last，Because China's industrialization and urbanization have developed rapidly，The same generation has basically realized the employment and life bet365 live casino games change from rural to cities，It is difficult to cut off the "nostalgia" emotion in traditional culture。From this，It is inevitable that the personal preferences and habitual thinking of the rural population entering the city and settle in the city，This is also an important factor that hinders urban and rural integration and development。Many migrant workers and families who work and settle in the city are unwilling to leave rural household registration，Unwilling to abandon rural land and homestead，In addition to the emotion of "nostalgia"，Undefeated with urban social services、Inadequate development is related，It is also related to the lack of expectations of migrant workers and their families in the city。

　　Promoting high -quality development of urban and rural integration

According to the above analysis，Promoting high -quality development of urban and rural integration，Need to do the following aspects。

One is scientific planning。Each region needs to be based on long -term development needs，Comprehensive consideration of future urbanization and urban and rural population distribution，Reasonable layout of the industrial and social service scale and development direction required for urbanization。In rural areas，Division -area layout Rural agricultural long -term dynamic population scale、Land scale and direction of use，Scientific layout agricultural production and ecological environment construction。It is necessary to ensure the land production land for food and economy，It is also necessary to continuously improve forests in various regions、Water and grass area。While ensuring the safety and quality of the supply of food and other agricultural products，Building rural areas into the back garden of the city、Ecological conservation protection wall and high -quality livable land。Future beautiful villages，Not only the paradise of rural residents、Land of casual urban residents，It can also be a choice for the permanent life of urban residents。

Second, encourage farmers to enter the city。At present, the production scale of the majority of farmers is still mainly based on the state contract status of rural joint production in the early days of reform and opening up，Small and scattered scale。Some families who leave the countryside still retain their homesteads bet365 best casino games and small pieces of land，But there is no good farming，Dustling phenomenon is serious。Nearly 200 million migrant workers nationwide have worked in the city for a long time，Reserved rural houses and land，Causes that there are constant production in both ends of urban and rural areas，But the phenomenon of not "landing" on both ends。For this，Farmers should be encouraged to enter the city，Encourage conditions for migrant workers to transfer rural homesteads and agricultural land to operate the right to operate and use the right to use。

To solve this problem，On the one hand，You need to eliminate the population of cross -regional population、Social Medical Insurance、Study and other institutional mechanism obstacles，Settle for the residents、Study、Employment and acquisition of social insurance and pension insurance creation opportunities。At the same time，Improve the efficiency of local government service，Strengthen investment in the field of social service，Promoting social services equalization High -quality development。On the other hand，The right to operate and use the right to recover rural homesteads and agricultural land，The rural areas can be in the form of cooperatives，Make absorbing and scientific use of these land and homesteads，Encourage urban capital and talents to go to the countryside，Accelerate agricultural intensiveization、Professional development，​​Make full use of land and residential land that is idle or abandoned，Planning、There are steps、Promote rural modernization construction at the level，High standards for ecological repair and ecological construction，Improve rural production、Life and Ecological Environment，benefit the countryside，Serving local urbanization development。

Third, to promote the proper concentration of the population in the local county、Villages with better geographical conditions and geographical conditions。Reasonable layout Kindergarten、Primary School、Middle School、Occupational secondary school and hospital，Concentrated resources continue to improve rural education and medical level and quality，Re narrowing the gap between urban and rural social services。Encourage urban and rural production factors to bet365 live casino games flow freely in both directions，Promote the integration and development of "Land -Capital -Talent"，Various production factors that activate urban and rural integration and development。Coward nationwide，Division area、Divided urban cluster，Forms "National Central Cities -Urban Sub -center -Prefecture -level City -County Town and Central Town -Natural Village".、Organic integration urbanization and rural modernization development pattern，Provide the greatest development space and spiral room for the high quality and sustainable development of the whole society，Make it an important foundation for building a new development pattern。

　　(Author Unit: Department of Social Sciences, Chongqing University)