Golden text is a type of Yin Zhou ancient text，It is named after its carrier is bronze，Just as Oracle is also a type of Yin Zhou ancient text，Because its carrier is mainly bull blade、Towers' abdominal armor and turtle back armor are named。We learn and study Jinwen，You need to be familiar with the type of Yin Zhou bronze、Trip -oriented related knowledge，Only this，Can you determine the era of Jinwen more accurately and the purpose of his writing。and，The name of the scholar to Jin Wen (bronze)，Among them, it contains a bronze device class，Ru Mao Gong Ding、Lihu、Record、Ling Yi、Shi Yongyu、Qiu Weihuan、Sanshi disk, etc.。If you do not know or misunderstand the copper type，Can't understand and use Jinwen。Rong Geng's "Shang and Zhou Yi Instrument Exam"、Lin Yinnifer's "Yin Zhou Bronze Comprehensive Lay"、Zhu Fenghan's "Chinese Bronze Insception" and other monographs，Systematically discussed the type of Yin Zhou bronze、decoration、function、Trigan and other related topics; Zhang Huan's editor -in -chief "Ancient Chinese Bronze Organization and Research" series also passed a series of monographs，Discuss the development and evolution of each device class in detail。These works are vast，Discussion meticulous and in -depth，It is an essential reference book for studying the classification of Yin Zhou bronze。2020 years old，The article "Classification of the Classification of Shang and Zhou Copper Ceremony" published by Li Ling ("National Museum of China", No. 11, 2020)，is a new work of this topic，Further explore the shape of "Jue"、Function and other questions，Explain that the research in this area is continuing to progress。I read the results of the predecessors，See my opinion，Writing this little text，Discuss some key issues of the classification of Yin Zhou bronze wares，I hope to promote the progress of the work and related etiquette research of Jinwen's interdependence。

What needs to be explained is，Yin Zhou bronze，According to its way of use in etiquette and human activities，It can be roughly divided into a wine device、Foodware、Waterware、Music、Weapons and other categories。other，Miscellaneous categories such as car and horses，Because there is little relationship with Jinwen，This article is not detailed for the time being。Whether it is the Yin Dynasty，It is still the bronze ware of the Zhou Dynasty，All include the above major types。But the Yin Zhou Dynasty is in its politics、etiquette and other cultural systems，Each of different types of device categories，Ru Yin Dai wine device is particularly developed; and there are differences in specific utensils in various categories，The representative utensil of the Zhou Dynasty wine device is a pot。The discussion below，Also focused on the characteristics of Yin Zhou culture and its inheritance and evolution。

　　Bet365 app download

Bronze wine ware has a close relationship with Yin civilization。Li Xueqin's "Bronze Getting started" has summarized，Yin Dynasty is the first peak of the development of Chinese bronze wares。Yin Dynasty's superb bronze casting process，It also highlights the rich and colorful aspects of the type of wine。The main species of Yin Dynasty bronze wine are 觚、Jue、Corner、斝、Zun、卣、Yi、觯、觥、pot，Learning、Using golden texts must understand this，In recent years, ancient Chinese and archeologists proposed to change their names for individual instruments，Become a research hotspot，Its discussion is also concentrated in the wine device。

觚、Jue often discovered in the tomb of Yin people，An important criterion for becoming an archaeologist to judge the grade of Yin Tomb，The more the number of sets，The higher the identity of the tomb owner。觚 is a kind of luxurious and thin waist copper，There are speakers and footsteps。Yin Dynasty also has Fang，Its mouth and feet are square instead of circular。Other types of Yin Zhou bronze，Basically, there are two styles:，such as round tripod and square tripod、Rounds bet365 best casino games and square pots，Not limited to 觚。Li Ji has specially studied the squares and circles unearthed from Yin Ruins，It is difficult to make it difficult to make a square，There are many decorations，higher level than the round device，These views have a great impact in the academic community。But with the accumulation and enrichment of materials，We recognize，The difference between the circle in the gift device is not the decoration、Level，Need to combine specific materials，Research again。The function of the academic world，In recent years, I have a new understanding: Wang Zhankui、Yan Zhibin and other scholars pointed out，觚 often uses the so -called "handle"，It is likely to be a ritual device used in the literature。Jue is the same as，It is also the representative utensil of the Yin -style wine device，It is characterized by: having ovate round bottoms and three long pointed feet; "鋬" on one side of the body，That is the semi -ring handle;，On the one side is "flow"，That is the opening of the wine，Its section is semi -circular，Getting on the other side，called "Tail"，There are two "wear hats" columns on the edge of the mouth，Location between flowing and tail。Jue also has a small amount of square body and four -foot，But the edge of its mouth is almost the same as the column structure。What needs attention is，Some Jue has a beast -shaped cover，Sleepfish unearthed in Yin Ruins，Its lid is similar to the lid，It also helps to recognize the shape of the 觥。But the preserved Jue，Most of the loses。

Wine device closely related to Jue，It is an angle and 斝。Horns and Jue's shapes are very similar，The only difference between the angle of the angle is the tail on both sides，and there is no column。There is no large stream of opening in the corner，It does not make a beast first decoration，Simple shape，With a button for easy lift。The shape of the 斝 is also similar to the jue，But the edge of its mouth is round，and the volume is more than Jue、Horn is big。Like Jue，There are also two columns on the edge of the mouth，斝 There is no large opening flow，Therefore, the cover is basically a flat cover with the button，The column along the mouth of the mouth。Jue、The column along the mouth of the mouth，Its function is unknown，It may be related to fixing its cover，Li Lingxin also has similar views，Suspecting Jue、斝 Double pillars and device caps are used。The difference between 斝 and Jue，Except for its large body shape，Another more important thing，That is, some 斝 is a bag foot，similar to the feet，Easy to warm wine。Like Jue，斝 There is also a square，It is more common，It is called "Fang Ye"，It is square in its mouth，and there are four feet。

Zun is also a typical device of Yin -style wine vessels，The body is in the shape of a tube，There is a large luxury mouth and circle foot，It seems to increase the bold version。Like Zun He 觚，No lid，No，No flow，You need to use a bucket or a spoon to take the wine liquid，instead of pouring wine like Jue。Zun also has a body、mouth、Foots are square，Four Sheep Fang Zun, which everyone is familiar with、Ya Chou Fangzun, etc.，Scholars mostly use Li Ji said，advocates that square respect is a high -identity noble。卣 is a wine device that is often used with Zun，Li Xueqin's "Chinese Bronze Inspection" pointed out，Zun Yan or Zunyi combination is a noble wine device。The biggest feature of 卣，It is a semi -ring -shaped beam near the edge of the body。卣 Generally a circular body，Cover with a convergence，with circle feet; in addition, there are 卣，Its foot is square。卣 There are still a few in the shape of a straight tube、Pot shape，But its features are all with a beam。The shape of the 觯 觯，It is characterized by a larger diameter of the body，The edge of the mouth is more convergent，It seems "big belly"。觯 小，can be covered，This is also the difference between it and respect。Yi，Also known as Fang Yi，Most square，Cover with oblique roof，The overall shape is like the palace room，Very distinctive。Individual Yi also has a beam，Ru Yin Yi Fang Yi，，It has a beam，Strictly speaking, it should also be called righteousness。Li Lingxin also pointed out，Fang Yijia Liang，Similar to "Liang Liang"。Yin Dynasty also has a lid -shaped bet365 live casino games wine -shaped lid，Scholars are generally called Zun，Ru Zun、Xiangzun、Sacrifice, etc.，But its decoration is strong，Different from the general tube。

觥 Is a strange wine，Great opening out of jue、鋬 鋬 on the side of the beast -shaped cover and the side of the body，body body，It looks like the type between the carrier and the device，Moderate volume，At the same time, it also has the functions of the two，That is, a large amount of wine storage like Zun，At the same time, there is a stream like a jue，Convenient to pour wine。Honor Fang Zun，觥 There is also a square as a square，Fang Ye's foot also transformed into square，No shape of the foot feet。Minority 觥，There are four -pointed feet，Similar to Fang Jue。There are also individual 觥，The overall shape is beast shape，Sacrifice unearthed from a woman's tomb，Its four feet are used as the shape of a beast foot。In short，The main feature of 觥 is the opening flow、Half -ring 鋬、Beast -shaped Cover，The body's body is mainly round，A few are square。

The pot is the wine device that Yin Zhou Dynasty has always used。The characteristics of the pot are，Small Cover，The neck is slender，Larger abdomen，There are circle feet。Compared with other wine vessels，The shape of the pot is easy to store wine，Wine liquid is not easy to volatilize。Yin -style pot generally has no ear，West Zhou、Spring and Autumn Bronze Pot Multi -Decorative Ring Beast Beast Ear，or animal -shaped ear，But its ear is basically decorative。The pot appeared earlier，In the Yin Dynasty, it is not the mainstream wine，Basically abolished Yin -style wine device after mid -the Western Zhou Dynasty，Only the pot，From this perspective，The pot is the representative of the Western Zhou wine device。Pot -easy storage liquid，instead of a device for frequent drinking，Adapt to the ban on the ban on the Western Zhou Dynasty。

Yin Dynasty wine device is rich in types，One of the main features of becoming Yin civilization。After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty，In its early days, the politics of Yin Dynasty was used、etiquette system，Huairou at the same time、Appointment to submit to the Zhou Dynasty's Yin Yi noble，A full acceptance and inheritance Yin culture，A full set of Yin -type wine device can be kept and used，Whether it is Yin Ren Noble，Still Zhou people with the surname of Ji，Continue to cast a wine device。This is the so -called "Zhou Chengyin system"。After the mid -to -mid -period of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Especially after King Mu，Under the environment of ritual changes，Basic micro，Including the above 觚、Jue、Corner、斝、Zun、卣、觯、Yi、觥 觥，No need to abolish it，The only wine device that retains is the pot that can be stored for a long time，It can be seen that the ritual and music civilization formed in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty，It is very different from Yin civilization，Instead of greatly reduced the etiquette occasions such as Yan Yan sacrifice，Use of the wine device。Early inheritance of the Western Zhou Dynasty，The ritual change after Mu Wang，Both explain the lower limit of the popularity and use of Yin -style wine vessels，In the World of Mu Wang in the Western Zhou Dynasty。We understand this，I have mastered a tool to judge the Jinwen era，The inscription on the Yin -style wine device，Generally, it will not be late to King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty。

What needs to be explained is，Yin Dynasty bronze，Its name is called "Yi", "Zun Yi"，Is a common phenomenon，The wine device is also unable to outside，No special name is seen in its inscription，Therefore, the above -mentioned 觚，All since the Song Dynasty，Names by scholars，The academic sectarian conventions are just made。These naming，Some get confirmation from the ancient text of Yin Zhou，The word "Jue" is like the shape of a three -foot two pillars，The word "卣" is just like the shape of the belly with a beam。In recent years，Some scholars According to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the father -in -law of the father of the father of the Popular Father "made the golden title"，Proposal that Jue should be a device with a handle of the uncle spoon，and the three -legged and two pillars must be renamed，This is the argument of a small number of advanced materials，Ignoring the Bet365 app download phenomenon that the wine in the Yin Dynasty and the early Western Zhou Dynasty were commonly referred to as Yi，Still to be discussed。Another，There are also scholars who are called "Tong"，Proposal should be called the same，It is also not noticed that the fact that Yin -style wine device is commonly known as Yi，"Same" in the History of History，It is the righteous symbol of Yi，The word "Yi" in the inscriptions of other Yin -type wineware，There are examples from "Tong"，The old name of the old 觚，It can still be used。Yin Zhou wine device，The only thing that is specifically known in the name is a pot。It has been mentioned above，After the abandoned Yin -type wine device in the mid -Western Zhou Dynasty，Only the pot，After the restructuring, the bronze ware no longer uses "Yi"，and changed to each device special name，This is the fundamental reason why the pot has its special name。

　　Foodware

Yin Zhou bronze food device mainly has tripod、鬲、甗、簋、盨、簠，Among them, 盨、簠 Only after the mid -Western Zhou Dynasty。Ding is Yin Zhou bronze，Wide -known types。Ding's origin is very early，Yin Dynasty has a round tripod、Fang Ding。round tripod three -legged two ears，Fang Ding has four feet，The famous mother -in -law Wu Ding made in the Wuding era is a large Fang Ding，It is currently known as Yin Zhou bronze。Niu Ding, unearthed from the Great Tomb, Northwest Oka, Yinxu,、Lu Ding，Also is a generous tripod，When it is cooking cow、Overwheel for the deer。Typical Typical of Yin Dai Yuan Ding，You can give up Yinxukang unearthed 嗣 嗣。Yin Mo and early Zhou，Fang Ding shape is generally smaller，Rujin Saka Fang Ding、Zi Fang Ding (Rong Zhong Fang Ding) is not large，After the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there is very little，Therefore, in Jinwen's work，Fang Ding is also a reference standard。The larger body in the Western Zhou Dynasty is Yuan Ding，Ru Dading、Mao Gongding is all Yuan Ding。We often call "three -legged standing"，It is taken from the round tripod system。Yin Dynasty Ding's self -name is also known as "Yi"，Few specialty，Only the sister -in -law from Hougang，self -name is not "Ding"，Its word is from "Dagger" from "Ding" from "Ding" from "Fire"，It is like the shape of a raw fire under the Ding under the fire。After the mid -term restructuring of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Dingzhizhi is gradually common，There is also a phenomenon in the late Western Zhou Dynasty，Rujia Village, Baoji Meimei County, a total of 12 pieces unearthed in the cellar of Yangjia Village in Baoji Meimei County。鬲 is also a cooking device，But the shape is generally smaller，It is a hollow bag shape，This is the main feature of the difference between 鬲 and Ding。Bag feet are easy to guide heat，It is conducive to quickly cooking food。Ding、鬲 Function is close，It appears after the name of its name，There are also confusing situations，Some 鬲 鬲 鬲，Individual Ding self -named 鬲，There are many cases in the previous case，and the latter's materials are rare。Some Dinglei has a lid，Basically is a flat cover with the button。甗 is the utensil of steamed food，Below it is 鬲，It is 甑 on it。甑 is a straight abdomen plump utensil，There are holes in the lower part，can increase water vapor，Cooked food。甗 appeared in the Yin Dynasty，Its name is also known as "Yi"; until the early Western Zhou Dynasty，甗 Most of them are still called "Yi" and "Zun Yi"，Only a few have a special name "off" (that is, 甗); after the mid -term restructuring of the Western Zhou Dynasty，The self -name of "Dedication"，Gradually use。

Different from Ding，It is a food device，It is also a common instrument class in Yin Zhou bronze。Typical Yin -style 簋 is a circular foot feet，Slightly extravagant mouth，The wall of the device is more straight，Belly Drum，There are two ears，Don’t see the cover。This shape has a great impact on the early Western Zhou Dynasty bronze。Another kind of Yin -style，Deep belly，No ear，Basically gone in the Western Zhou Dynasty。In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a square seat，such as the famous Liye、Heavenly Death，Its solemn appearance，Overall lifting of the body，Careful casting ritual。From the perspective of the continuous perspective bet365 Play online games of Yin Zhou culture，Fangzhi also inherited the formation of the Yin Dynasty，Not created by the Western Zhou Dynasty。Destiny 簋 There are four -ear，Its shape is more complicated。From the mid -period of the Western Zhou Dynasty，The 簋 system has changed significantly，Attorate to the mouth，abdominal drum，Most of them are covered，No square，Under the foot of the circle may have three short feet。Late Western Zhou Dynasty，The most well -known is the Hu Hao of Li Wang，There are squares below，Calculating King，There are squares below，Ear shape exaggeration，There is a retro tendency。Yin Dai and Early Western Zhou Dynasty，簋 簋 簋 is basically "Yi" and "Zun Yi"，From the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it is basically called "簋"，The word is from "皀" from "殳"。column 簋 system，Like Lie Ding，In the early inheritance of the Yin system in the early Western Zhou Dynasty，Not formed yet，It mainly appears in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period。

盨 is the mid -term of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Development from the development of 簋，Popularity in the late Western Zhou Dynasty，It is characterized by the body as a rounded square，Generally covered。盨 名，That is the word，From "Beard" from "Dian"，or from "Gold"，or from "Mi"，Among them, "beard" is notes，"Dian", "Gold" and "Mi" are all romance。Because it originated from 簋，Some 盨 also named 簋。簠 簠，The side is considered an inverted trapezoid，The edge of the mouth is a rectangular rectangle，The shape of the cover and the body is similar，Side is regarded as positive trapezoid。簠 Popularity in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period，Also a variant，However, some scholars have pointed out that there are already 簠 at the beginning of the week。簠 名 匚 匚 匚 (pronunciation is square)，Most of its notes are ancient，Also because of it、(Hu)，There is gold in the righteous symbols of its righteousness，Given changes more。盨、簠 簋 簋，It is a food device，But it appears late，The era of unprecedented bronze wares is generally named Yi，Therefore, the name is specially known as。

　　Waterware

Yin Zhou water heater mainly has 盉、Disk、匜、Geori。盉 is Yin Dynasty、Common water heater during the Western Zhou Dynasty，It is characterized by a long tube -like flow on the body，and half a ring -shaped， It can be used for pouring water for baptism。Two main shapes of 盉: First, the spherical body，or cans，There are three -footed below，longer neck，There is a lid; the other is the body，There are three to four feet，The roots of the foot are all bags，Also covered。There are also a few tadpoles as flat pots，Side is regarded as a circular，Bird -shaped cover。other，There is also a kind of cap in Yin Dynasty，Tube flowing on the arch cover of the arched，Its device is，There are three to four feet，Typical device such as the left unearthed from Yin Ruins M1001 Great Tomb、Middle、Right。Yin Dai and Early Western Zhou Dynasty，盉's self -name is basically "Yi" and "Zun Yi"，In the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it is mostly called "盉"，Its word from sound symbol，and Yixun。Western Zhou Dynasty，During a large change in the water pour device，Tube -shaped flow to a large open mouth flow，The body's body is also extended，This will change to 匜，Based on the Spring and Autumn Period。匜 Basically four feet，There are also lids，But the preserved 匜 匜。匜 Late appearance，It does not need to be referred to as "Yi"，and use it for a special name，All borrowed the word "it" as "匜"。

Disk is a water device used with 盉，That is the utensil to undertake water，Its decorations are mostly dragons、Snake、Turtle、Fish and other aquatic animals。Yin Zhou's plate，Its shape is basically short，Light abdomen，Look down as a circle，There is no cover in circle feet，There are two ears。self -name of the plate，Since the Yin Dynasty，is "like"，This word comes from "boat" from "攴"，The meaning of moving，Also often adds "dish" to "dishes"。During the archeological excavation process，Disk and 盉、Disk and 匜 often unearthed together，is 盉、匜 Place in the disk。

Geori is a deep abdominal form，Performance along the mouth，Wall is more straight，There are circle feet、Ear，Individual instruments are three small feet。Glads are generally considered bet365 live casino games a water heater，However, there are also those who claim to be "rice"。名 名，From Yin Dynasty to drop，All are "Geori"，The word is from "dish"，"Yu" sound，Not called "Yi"。This is different from the wine device、Foodware and 盉。In recent years，Shanxi Yicheng Dahekou Village Ba Bo Cemetery unearthed Baobo，The inscription is 116 words，Detailed description of the rites of the western Zhou aristocratic society，It is a very precious historical relic。

　　Music instruments and weapons

Yin Dai bronze instrument，铙 is a typical device。铙 Near the bell -shaped，But the way of placement is that the Ministry is below，Open upward，Therefore, its longitudinal section is inverted trapezoidal。铙 Basically no self -name，The inscription is also very short，Only the emblem。The representative of the bronze instrument in the Western Zhou Dynasty is the bell，The bell is popular in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Editing clocks in the late Western Zhou Dynasty，Jinhou Su Bell from the Jinhou Cemetery，The weather of "Zhong Ming Ding Food" of noble society is formed，From the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period，The bell has become an indispensable important part of noble life。Zhong Ming is generally cast or carved on the bell of the bell，Will avoid the decoration、Sudden bell，In addition, it is also common in the Drum Department on both sides of the Zhongkou，A few are seen in the Ministry of Yongbu。Learning and studying golden text，Must be familiar with the name of all parts of the clock，At least need to know、钲、Drum。The self -name of the bell is "Bell"，That is the sound of golden children，Most of the children's parts are the sound symbol of East。镈 Mainly used in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period，Compared with the bell，镈 齐 齐，The cross section is oval，Unlike the upward arc of the middle of the bell。镈 's names are "镈"，that is from "Gold"，Pray for Fu Lu。Zhong Yan is an important representative of the Zhou Dynasty Lile Civilization，Its inscriptions often remember merit，Erossing ancestors，Pray for Fu Lu，You can seek the history of many strong clan at the time。

Ge is a typical type of weapons in the pre -Qin era，Tracing Yin Dynasty in its use，Under the Warring States Period，Long history，The number of cultural relics that has been preserved to this day，About 1500 pieces。Ge's front part is Feng Blade，The rear is inner，The part of the back of the lower blade is extended downward as Hu，Gezhong hole is worn，Convenience to fix the Ge in the Ministry of the Ministry。Yin Dai、Ge Ming in the Western Zhou Dynasty was mainly cast in internal，Basically for the ethnic emblem、short inscriptions such as human names。In the Spring and Autumn Period, Ge Ming casts in Hu Shang many，The content is basically the name and identity of the recorder。Most of the Warring States Ge Ming is engraved with insiders，The content is mainly "Wuller Gong Name"，Record supervisor、Workers、Metallurgical (artisan) third -level figures。

　　Yin Zhou Bronze Social Function

Overview above Yin Zhou's main bronze type、Features and its own name，I hope to provide some convenience for Jinwen learning and researchers。What needs to be explained is，The academic community has long been divided into a wine device for a long time、Foodware、Waterware、Music、Weapon and other categories，Just for the purpose of academic collation and research，Combined with the knowledge of scholars，According to the use of its utensils，A classification system proposed，Strictly speaking, it is just the discipline concept of archeology or bronze wares。We want to explain the social function of Yin Zhou bronze，It must be combined with its inscription，Interesting its name，From the perspective of the ancients，Let's make an objective analysis，Now one or two is described as follows。

Copper in Yin Dynasty，No split device、Foodware、Waterware，All describe the production of "Yi" and "Zun Yi" for their ancestors，Remember the ancestor's name、Family name (family emblem)，Therefore, its social function，All sacrifice ancestors、妣、Father、Mother、Brother and other ancestors。The production and casting of Yin instruments，The overall of the gites，instead of individuals of one object and one thing，Therefore, it is commonly known as "Yi"，Basically, it bet365 live casino games does not need its special name。Early Western Zhou Dynasty，The Zhou Dynasty uses Yin system，Make inscription，Also regardless of wine device、Foodware、Waterware，All known as the ancestor production Yi、Zun Yi，and compared with the Yin Dynasty，"Baozun Yi" more frequently，Therefore, this period，The social function of the copper ware is basically sacrificed ancestors。Of course，There are also a few bronze wares in the early Western Zhou Dynasty，Example of using its special referred to，Explain the phenomenon of the so -called Zhou Chengyin，It is not a piece of iron plate，Shi Shi Yi，The ritual system also changes slightly，It's just not shaking mainstream culture。

In the mid -period of the Western Zhou Dynasty,，Especially after King Mu，The Zhou Dynasty has major changes in the etiquette culture，Abandon the Yin system，Establish a weekly ceremony of the so -called "ritual and music civilization"，The great changes in its political system，That is the system of gifted by the abolition of Yin，Promoting the regulating system。About Yin Dynasty Gift Bed System，and its early use in the early Western Zhou Dynasty，See Humblewen "On the Features System of Yin Jinwen" ("Palace Museum Press", No. 11, 2020)，This question can be written again。Western Zhou Dynasty Reform，Reflected on the ritual system of sacrifice，The most obvious change，As described above，No longer use Yin -style wine，Ru 觚、Jue、Corner、斝、Zun、觯、卣、Yi、觥，Only pots that can store wine for a long time; corresponding to this，The inscription of the creation no longer uses the "Yi", "Zun Yi", "Baozun Yi"，and switch to its tripod、簋、盉、Disk、pots, etc.，Reflecting the importance of individuals，On the inscription, "Thousands of Children Sun Yongbao" and "Pray for Life" and other words，It also revealed the actual care of the family，This is particularly obvious in Jin Wenyu's resignation in the late Western Zhou Dynasty，I hope that the ancestors can drop with Fulu、Chunyou、Yongming (Long Life)，Issue Hebei Ping An Long Life，Get the emperor for a long time for reuse。A word to cover it，The social functions recorded in the late Western Zhou Dynasty，Also for the ancestors、Zongmiao Making Ceremony，A few mentioned that it is used for Yan Yan friends、Trick、Guests and Entry and Entering King's Life，Explain that in the Western Zhou Dynasty with a strong atmosphere of worship of the ancestor，The political functions of the reality of the gito device also exist。

The late Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period，The nobles in the Zhou Dynasty inside and outside，To strengthen its political forces，Expand its living space，Actively strengthen political marriage，Reflected on the ceremony and inscription，The number of tadpoles has increased significantly，Become the trend of the times in the Spring and Autumn Period。The Spring and Autumn Period was the end of the end of Yin and Zhou nobles.，Purpose of casting inscriptions of nobles，It is no longer limited to the traditional ancestor、Jingzong、The concept of the family，Considering the political politics、Survival needs，Except sacrifice，Also used for Yan Yan、Marriage。other，In the Spring and Autumn Period of Zhongming Ding Food，Copper has gradually transformed from a ritual to the use of a device，If the inscription refers to the "use of collection"，It is used as a line，and the weapon is more obviously a utility。

During the Warring States Period, Qixiong set up in parallel，Appointment bureaucrat，Implementing the rule of compilation of households，The trend of the bronze from the ancestral temple to daily use，Opportunity。Take Ding as an example，The inscription of the device is often the place where it uses (palace、House、Library、Kitchen)，and its volume。Weapons engraved its supervisor、Workers、Metallurgy (artisan) third -level name，The nature of the name of Wullergian。So far，Western Zhou Li and Music Civilization have finally shifted to the era of farming war in strength。

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Ancient History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Director of the History of the Pre -Qin History)