The earliest known letter in my country is two pieces of wooden crickets unearthed from the Qin tomb in the late Warring States Period。Before the invention of paper，The letter is written on the wooden，The wooden species used for writing letters were a "ruler" at that time，A foot in the Qin and Han dynasties is about 23.1 cm today，Therefore, "ruler" is the name of the letter。The so -called "ruler is like a face -to -face interview", "see the letter like the face"，All friends and relatives who are separated by thousands of mountains and rivers when they receive each other when they receive each other。Insufficient traffic、Ancient ancient，The only way for people to communicate is "Hongyan Biography"。In tens of thousands of Jane Jian Shu books unearthed in Hexi Han in Gansu，I have reserved a lot of rich content、Various and precious letters in forms。

Gansu Jianyu Museum has a large number of private Jane Jianshu letters，Some who write trust friends to buy things on behalf of them; some who wrote to friends for help due to the shortage of supplies;，I can only send thoughts to the letter ... These private letters unveiled the living conditions of the Han Dynasty in the Han Dynasty。Read these letters，We can really understand the spiritual world and cultural activities of the sectarian database of Hexi Han at the time，I can deeply explore many long -seized silk roads。

Compared with those stylish official documents，These precious private letters can best reflect the living conditions of the Han Dynasty in the Han Dynasty、Emotional World、Interpersonal communication and social atmosphere。These simple books record the development process of the ancient Silk Road，It is the original literature of studying the ancient Silk Road，It is an indispensable part of the panoramic scroll of the Silk Road。Through they can understand the exchanges between the military and civilians of the Han Dynasty。

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The guardian of the Silk Road，The unknown Border Sai Dai has been obliterated in the vast historical ocean for thousands of years。Fortunately,，Gansu Jianyu Museum Collection Jianye's private letter vividly restores the living conditions of many sections on the west of Hebi。

Dry and less rain in Hexi area、Frequent wind and sand，Summer Rizhao is strong，Winter cold abnormalities。This special natural geographical environment，The impact on the stroke from the warm and humid inner county has a greater impact，They often get sick because they are not adapted to the climate here，The sickness of the sickness can only think about the love in a few words in the letter。Gansu Jianyu Museum has a family book，Unfortunately, this family book may never have the opportunity to reach the receiver's hands。

　　(1) Disease, Ye Yuan is the official, and life may not meet each other.Without it, Kun brother and □□ 73ejt6: 35

This is a letter from the Golden Pass site of the shoulder water。As for the writer and the receiver，We have no way to know now。From the writing format，It may be a family book that has never been sent。Writer said in the letter saying，For several years with the brothers at home，"Border plugged bitter cold，I'm sick now，I am afraid I will have no chance to meet in this life，Only brothers are brothers in the next life "。A sentence "I am afraid I don't see each other"，Its sadness overflows words，Reading moving。

Border Turpted，Compared to myself sick，The most weak is that relatives and friends are sick but cannot take care of themselves。The stunners are far away in the border，I can only express concerns with my family book，Gansu Jianyu Museum has many such home books。

　　(2) Brother's Bank, brotherhood. Zhu Jun is 10.2b

This is a family book written by my brother to my brother。Brother is far away from your Bet365 app download hometown，Employee Border，Leave my brother in his hometown。Now I listened to my hometown and said that my brother is sick，Brother hurriedly wrote a family book，Please bring it back。The letter specifically instructed the villagers to give my brother's greeting to my brother ... Know from the land unearthed from Jianye，This is a family book that has not been issued。After the letter is written，I have been staying in the Gobi of Gobi, desert。We don’t know if my brother’s illness is healed，But read this letter，We know，The elder brother of Yuanyu Juyan was worried about the sick brother。

　　（3）Mother's illness，Destiny in Danxi，May Jun Yi Yu，Therefore, the situation should be taken by EPT44: 34

This is a letter left in the site of the waiting official site of Juyanjia Qu。The writer can no longer know。But the writer was seriously ill in the letter and the mother of a certain king，Destiny in Danxi，I hope a certain king will go home quickly，Its worries jumped and jumped。

　　(4) Shao Qing's foot，Good。Huijun is not affected，Disease，Pain，No Da。May self -love。For the new view of the Kuifu Jun ... very good ... near the clothes] [□ As a former fortune, the sin is cold □ □ □ 长，Near clothes Qiu love good。Fortunately ... □ Make officials ... EPT51: 233A/B

This is a letter written to Shao Qing。Write in the letter，I heard that Hui Jun could not bed due to illness，Pain is unbearable，I am very worried，I want to go to visit Huijun，But the official of the official who wrote the person who wrote the person in the person who wrote the person who wrote the person who wrote the person who wrote the person who had recently went out to inspect，So I can't get a birthday，I can only hope that Huijun will take care of the body。From the brief text, we can see，Although in a difficult war environment，Border Sai officials still show love and dedication、The spirit of loyalty and duty。

Since ancient，Not to mention in the war era。Fre and illness，No one cares at home，Forced to be helpless, I can only write to the higher authorities to allow them to go home to support the elderly，Beggar letter hidden from the Gansu Jianyi Museum，Although there are few words，But love is really cut。Son of man，Can't help but sigh for it。

　(5) Brother is young and weak, and is willing to begging bone and belong to the father's illness 73ejt23: 692

This is a begging letter written by a official who was in accordance with the Golden Gold Capital of Jiyan Shoulder Water Gold。Because my father is sick，Brother is too young，Can't bear the responsibility of taking care of the elderly，Therefore, please urge the higher authorities to allow it to return home。Read the brief text，We can imagine the anxiety of the writer when he learned that his family was sick and the eager mood of going home to take care of his father。Han Dynasty with filial piety to the world，The father of the border is high，I'm sick again，Those who are borders submit an application for returning home。We can’t know if the request of this border is finally allowed，But I can truly feel the hardships of the border strokes during work and defense and the spirit of adhering to loyalty and filial piety。Similar letters are not the examples in the Jian Ji hidden in the Gansu Jianyu Museum。

　　Borrow from friends and friends with no place for clothing and clothing

Interpretation of Millennium Jane Literature，We can learn more about the living conditions of the border Saiyou die。But in the eyes of ordinary public before 2000，What is the life of the border Saidi? The Gansu Jianyi Museum collects a "Borrow Food"，Writing person asked friends who worked for help from the border in the outside of the Guanzhang due to the shortage of food。Write in the letter:

　　(1) Tian Ziyuan before sitting，Don’t see each other for a long time，Leisurely，Jiukeguanwai，There is no one for living，Very good。worry about worry，Pick up today for three days，Food is lacking，Wish Ziyuan Note，Urgent bet365 best casino games □□□□□] [Needless to do it, Yiyi is not intended to meter。Original 1、Two Zhiqi live，Only 236A/B

This simple out of Malaysia Bay from Dunhuang。It is speculated that the writer wants to borrow food from Tianziyuan。It is roughly the same as our current writing habits，At the beginning of the letter, I told some polite words to greet Tian Ziyuan，"In recent years，Because you have been working on Border Saataya，Because you have been working on Border Saataya，Knowing that you live without it，I am very happy "。Then I wrote a letter to a word and the business，"I am very worried recently，Because the guests who came here for three consecutive days of reception，Grain is about to eat light，Hope Ziyuan can pay attention to this "。

Read this letter，We only know，Tian Ziyuan is a long -standing stalemate。In the eyes of friends, Tian Ziyuan "leisure to the independence" and "there is no one for it"，Therefore, when your food is short，Hope Tian Ziyuan can help。But is the Border Saiyun really written in this letter? The Gansu Jianyu Museum collects a "Borrow Pants" from the edge of the border of the weak water river，Among them, the embarrassment of the frontier life of the border。The letter tells:

　　(2) Open -head words，Zihui Rong □ Shiqian，See you，Yuan dare not dare to say，How do you just，Dead saying。Meat Disadvantages，] [。Wish Zi Hui Fortunately and pity，Fortunately borrowing Zi Huiwei、Two -day ear，Dare to stay for a long time。Only give money and dare not say，Handle white EPT51: 203A/B

speculation from the text，An official named Yuan Mingyin, a letter to a good friend, wrote a letter to borrow pants，and look particularly urgent。Yuan An has no more than much greeting in the letter，Open the door to see the mountain and write, "My pants are broken，You need to send it home to sewing for supplement，I wanted to borrow pants from you before，But because many people were at that time，No embarrassment to propose。There is really no way now，Stopping to you with a cheeky face，I hope you can pity me，Put my pants for a few days，Once my pants are made up，Give you back soon "。Jian Wen finally wrote，I don’t need to use money now，When it is ended，I will talk to Zihui again。

Compared with Tian Ziyuan, who is "worry -free" in the eyes of friends，Yuan An obviously lived very embarrassed，You have to borrow from friends from friends。We can’t know if Yuanchang borrows pants，But in the short ruler, it revealed the dilemma of the border stroke and lack of clothing in the Han Dynasty，The suffering of the life of the border Saiwu，It can be seen from this。

　　Don’t see the ruler in the long time

Remaining the border of the water that year，Reed Flowers Flying，Shoulder Water Gold Gataron stands high in the desert in the desert，Thousands of years of yellow sand rolling，Xiongguan is gone，Wei Yu Ruins，And the loneliness and thoughts between the words that have been sealed for thousands of years。

For the soldiers of Tunji，Border Life is the most bitter than the hardships of the hometown。The strokes who lived for a long time，Only communicate with friends，can we slightly solve the boring and distress of life，Panic of soothing wars and loneliness in a foreign country。

　(1) There is no one under the feet of Wei Qing，Handle head，Leader has no place to live，Very good，Xian Du Guanzheng La □ ... □ 丞 丞 丞，Handle head。Wei Qing Qiang Fan Hou Self -Love，Shenchun Qi] [Shortlessness，To self -love，Ask Qi Qi Qi Jun Jun Cheng Jianju，Return ... Please，Handle head，Because thanks。骍，Plugent is not available ... 73EJF3: 127A/B

This is a simple unearthed in the ruins of the shoulder water Jinguan，I learned from Jian Wen that this is a greeting letter written by Yin Heng to Wei Qing。骍 骍 mentioned in the letter，At that time, the official jurisdiction of shoulder water was jurisdiction，Yin Heng is on the edge of Yuyan，Wei Qing may be the person of Yin Heng's hometown。Many places in the letter expressed bet365 best casino games Yin Heng's earnest greeting to Wei Qing，"Live and Wet", "Strong Rice and Self -Love", "Shenchun Qi", etc.，All the common greetings in the Han Dynasty letter。Yin Heng's phrase "Plug in Cheng Cheng No Taoist"，The boring and boring of the life of the border plot，Only when I wrote a letter to my friends，Only the boring of life，Talking about the love of watches。

　　(2) Gifts of pity，Enze Chengsheng Deep，I heard the living in Nanfangyi，Happy EPT44: 4A

This simplifier is from the candidate of Jiaqu。Launched from Jian Wen，Border Sai Ying died received a letter from friends and relatives to greetings，It's really moved in my heart。The swing knows from the letter to know the home in the home，Self -joy exception。

(3) There is no gift outside，May Shao Ping tolerate it ...] [May Shaoping □ □ Therefore, I wish I want less 73EJT15: 8A/B

See from Jian Wen，This is a letter written to Shaoping，We can no longer know the writer。"Outside" in the letter refers to the place where it is outside。Writer said，Land outside Juyanben，Scarce supplies，There are few gifts that can be given。Writers want to give less gifts，Helplessly without getting the hand to send it，Therefore, you can only express guilt in the letter。Although this letter is a few words，But love is really cut、Sentence Yipingyuan，vividly shows us the friendship of the Border Saiwu's robe。

The people of the Han Dynasty went to serve in Tunyu，It has a deadline for service，But some strokes often take service overtime，The sentimental feelings of the deaths outside Jiuke are very strong。Under helpless，Some strokes will also write to acquaintances to ask for help。As follows, the private note from Dunhuang Mahu Bay is an example:

　　(4) Children's hoe Bai Ji。Leisure，Full of food for a long time in the next day，Wish to loan Valley Yudu。Valley to，Before Fengye。No before going up，I know very much。Yang Yan before sitting，Count the pity，Ende is very thick and thick。I want to hold Hangyin Yinfu，Life and Puyang Chengshi official] [Return to the order，It is also very uneasy。Insufficient things。Yin Fu's little surname is poor for a long time，Dang Dang Dai。Weiyi moved to Yinfu Yinfu with time。Must be adjusted，Reinception for generations，Handle head and hoe。 244A/B

Knowing from Jian Wen，This is a letter written by Yang Yan to Yang Yan。This private letter is above wooden，Positive and negative two sides，Two lines per side。Writer who has been serving in the service is full，According to the regulations, someone should take over his (post -generation) job，However, the higher -level organs (Yinfu) did not issue a repatriation notice。Children's Hometown Heart Heart，No way to suffer。coincides with Yang Yan to work in Yinfu，Er Shang asked Yang Yan to report his situation to Yinfu，So he has the opportunity to go home。Children's help to help Yang，Thanks to Yang Yan for helping him in the letter，Then say that official Yinfu will sympathize with the poor surnames like him。The meaning of words，As long as Yang Yue Ken helps，It will definitely be able to do this。The "Food Disadvantages", "Several Passion", "Poor Surnames for a long time" in the text of the text，Very intuitively show us the poor and trapped sideways named by Er Shang、Can't gather with your family、Beast -thinking situation。

　　Lu Yao difficult romance book to send mind

In addition to Jane，The book is also the writing carrier of Qin and Han dynasties，The price of the silk is high，Therefore, there was no popularity in society at that time，It is not easy to save，So there are few Qin and Han books that have been reserved to this day，But these books have important historical values ​​for studying Qinhan Silk Road culture。

The Gansu Jianyu Museum has a book unearthed from the site of Dunhuang Xuanquan in 1990，23.2 cm long，10.7 cm wide，10 lines 319 words。The book is a letter written by "Yuan" to "Zifang"，Therefore the name "Yuan Zhizi Fangshu"，This book is the most bet365 live casino games complete preservation of cultural relics unearthed in the underground of the Han Dynasty、Private letters with the most words，It is a national first -class cultural relic。Comprehensive research results，Books may be the late Western Han Dynasty。Book records:

　　(1) Voldemort again, please:

Under the foot of the sub -square，Good! Bitter Fangfa，Yuanshe does not wait for driving，Dead crime。Zhangren、Home、My son is without，Yuan Voldema Wishes。Zhangren、Family Yuan dare not ignore arrogance，Yuan is not from outside，Yuan Jin Fengjiao。In the summer, Voldemort Wishes Fang Shiyi、Xingjiu Food、Inspectors，Fortunately! Professional: Huiyuan should be from Tun Dunhuang，Lares，Zifang knows。Yuan is not from outside，May Fang Xing buy one or two for Yuan，Silk Wei，long ruler two inches; five pens，Good person，Ying Xingyou。Money, please be a house，Dare to negative。Wish Fang Xing to pay attention，I want to be thick、You can be a walker。Zifang Zhiyuan Number Breakthrough，Difficult to be。Fortunately! Factor Fang Jinji poor times，Wish Fang sent the second house，Seeking report。Times not here，See Mrs. Rong Jun asks for report，Fortunately，Voldemort to worship the Zifang's foot! Fortunately for the buyer，I would like to come to the official first，Make things，Fortunately。Worship in Voldemort in Yuan!

Lu Zi is willing to engrav，Dare to report，I don’t know the Yuan is not small，Make Yuan please ask Zifang，Wish Fang Xing is seven -point seal of the royal history，Turtle，Seal: Lu An's Seal。Pay attention to the only son，Getton with a child，Dare to belong to it。Guo Yingwei sent two hundred money to buy whip，May those who are good，May pay attention。

Self -Book: Wishes to the city，Fortunately, pay attention not to be ignored，Different from it。 II0114 ③: 611

From this book, we can know，Four things for Yuan Tuo good friends: the first thing，Yuan on the side of Dunhuang，Please buy a pair of shoes with a size of 27 cm (43 yards) for the purchase，and requirements for the quality of the shoes，The shoes should be soft leather shoes like silk，And the sole should be thick and resistant to wear，After buying the shoes, please come to the colleagues in Dunhuang to come to it，At the same time, Yuan Fang also asked Zifang to buy five good brushes; the second thing，Yuan please ask Fang Dai as a greetings，If you are not here，Please greet Ji Jun Jun Jun; the third thing，Lu Zidu wants to ask the seal of the party to engrav on the seal，But I'm sorry to speak，Therefore, please converse the Yuan Dynasty，Yu Zifang for your face，The specifications of Lu Zidu carved the specifications of "Royal History Seven points"，Turtle button，The seal is the seal of "Lu An's Seal"; the fourth thing，Guo Yingwei sent 200 2，Please buy a sound whip。

"Yuan Zhizi Fangshu" seems to be a simple letter between friends，But revealing extremely important information，It can help us understand the daily life of the border of the Han Dynasty in the Han Dynasty。Push from the text，Yuan is a grass -roots official of Dunhuang，Due to shoes、pen、The whip three things do not belong to the supply range of the court，So you need to do it yourself。More，The traffic traffic in the northwest of the Han Dynasty is extremely inconvenient，This book letter cannot be sent to the Mainland，Due to the close from Dunhuang from Dunhuang, because of the beginning of Dunhuang，Materials are richer than Dunhuang，Therefore, it is inferred that the child may be in Jiuquan。

We will ask Yuan to ask the items purchased by Zifang in the letter and the brush unearthed from the Xuanquan site、砚、Revolution and Silk、Mao Ma fabric and other combination，You can clearly restore the costume characteristics and life scenes of the general public on the Han Dynasty Silk Road。

But from the Land of Dunhuang Xuanquan Sites from the Land of Land，Letter may be delayed Bet365 app download in suspension for various reasons，Not sent to the next stop。So does the child know the four things that Yuan commissioned him to entrust him? Does Yuan's wish be achieved?。

Jane Jianshu, which has been sealed for more than 2,000 years, not only studies the Silk Road、Study in ancient Chinese history，It has very important academic value，It is a very valuable calligraphy ink treasure in the Qin and Han dynasties，It is an indispensable scarcity book trace to study the history of Chinese calligraphy and the evolution of text。Wash the sludge，Take off the floating color，We can see the uniformity of the middle shape of Jianyu、Slimous and upright scriptures，Forms change、The imposing li Shu，Independence、Cursive cursive，Damage phase、Division and decent books ... These simplicity makes us more deeply understand the diversity of Qin and Han calligraphy style，Reappear the Jane ink of the Silk Road。

The book "Jianzhi Mrs. Jianzhong" in the Gansu Jianyu Museum is a relatively regular li Shu，It has important historical values ​​for the evolution of the study of calligraphy in Western Han Dynasty。I can see that there are heavy and eye -catching pens in the book，To the right wave、Downside，Among them, "、Construction、History、Hime、Foot、and "and" eye -catching horns and other words grow more than double the word。Qin to the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty，Gu Lishi contains oblique arc -shaped long tail pens，It is the most striking strokes in these books，After Hanli matured in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty，These strokes have evolved into the right horizontal heavy pens，Multiple times grew several times more text，After the late Western Han Dynasty，This type of long horizontal pens is rare，This may be the more common brushwork of Lishu in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty。Book records:

　　(2) Jian Fu, please:

Zhonggong、Madam Foot，Worked work is good。Build a small slave □ Lai Zhonggong Enze，Fortunately to be guilty to serve the Royal History。Hei Xixi Wenzhong Gong □ Suddenly。Number of Zhonggong and Zihui in Dunhuang □ He Jun，Dare to suddenly。The history of Dunhuang's death is given to the prince of the prince，History of Jianqiqi，Hectare。Zhonggong Xingyi Long，Chiefs and grandchildren are not good，Give money for the year，Lady, Mrs. Day and Night, the name of the Taishou Gong Walker，Why not suffer! Cold □，Shenchang officials，Come to the number of comes，Make Jian Fengwen Zhonggong's Office Want，Fortunately。Due to the public football in the history of Dunhuang's stroke。Fortunately, please build Changqing、Madam、Zhuzi and Zihui brothers、Son □ Thank you，Strong rice。The person from the comer said Changjun、Times □□。Ⅱ90dxt0144 ③: 610

Know in the content of the book，This is a built -in to Zhonggong、Madam's private message。Built in the letter, in addition to greeting the Grand Grand Gong、Madam, etc.，It also mentioned the grace that depends on the Central Gong，I was fortunate to be the Shi Yu History。built in the letter and wrote: "Please pay attention to the body，Do not exhausting excessive。I have rarely heard the news of Zhonggong for a while，Suddenly I heard that Zhonggong and his son Hui arrived in Dunhuang，I dare not neglect。The history of Dunhuang sent a letter to me，I inquire about the history of death，Only learned about the situation of Zhonggong。Zhonggong's Ethics is more and more long，I have no one who can be called good，Zhonggong also gives money every year。Zhonggong and Mrs. Mrs. Day and Night are commensurate with the name of the Taishou，What are the inconveniences to worry about? Winter cold，I cautiously do officials。May Zhonggong send me more letters in the future，I can always know that Zhonggong is as healthy as I hope，Then I will be very happy。I will write to Zhonggong through the history of Dunhuang's bet365 best casino games death。Please go to Changqing and his wife for myself、Children and Mrs. Mrs. Zi Hui、Son greeting。I hope you can inform Changjun next time、News from Public and others。”

This book comes from Dunhuang Xuanquan Site。Analyze from the content of the book，This should be a letter from the construction of the Shi Shi of Changan to the Shi Gong in Dunhuang County。There are multiple reasons，This letter was left in the suspension spring。Either lost in the suspension spring on the way to Dunhuang，Perhaps it is a letter of the history of the truncation，The history of the death is when staying in the suspended spring，Lost this letter accidentally，I did not send it to the hands of Zhonggong in the end; either the Central Gong received this letter，Later, I lost this letter when I returned to pass through the spring。The possibility of the latter is greater。

In addition，It can be known from the letter，Zhonggong is likely to be the prince of Dunhuang at the time，He once called the history of the death to the Jianwu letter，Jian also inquire about the history of the stroke，Knowing the situation of Zhonggong as the eunuch in Dunhuang。According to the system of avoidance of the Han Dynasty，Zhonggong can serve as Taishou, Dunhuang County，Then he must be a non -Dunhuang county，or people in the Inner County of the Central Plains。After the term of the term of the term of office，Tell the fellow to return to the village through Dunhuang Xuanquan，Private message of the book may be left in the suspension spring。

Jian Jian as the earliest home book、The carrier written by the official document，Provides the living conditions and emotional world of sidelines along the Qinhan Silk Road to study the precious first -hand information。Reading the ruler book collected in the Jianyu Museum in Gansu，After more than 2000, we can still truly feel that every living person in Jian Ji Shuxun and their daily life fragments，Experience their breathing and feelings condensed between the words。Now，Although Jane has completed its mission that day，But its infinite light，Especially in the Gobi Desert、Numerous day and night's warmth of each other's home country tenderness，Not only does not fade，Still shining，About，This is the context、Life relay。

(The author is the curator of the Gansu Jianyi Museum、Research librarian，Part -time researcher at the Dunhuang Studies Research Institute of Lanzhou University)

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   Gansu Jianyu Museum now collects 50,129 pieces of various cultural relics (group)，31935 pieces (group)，1Among them, 1,679 first -level cultural relics (group)。Hall of the museum is mainly based on Jane，There is Tianshui Put Masan Qin Jian、Juyan Xinjian、Shoulder Water Golden Guan Han Jian、Diwan Hanjian、Dunhuang Malaysia Bay Hanjian、A total of nearly 40,000 pieces of Hangquan Han Jian and Wei Jin Jianyu，Paper unearthed with Jane、Textiles、Wood、lacquerware、Iron、Boneware、More than 10,000 pieces of cultural relics and other cultural relics。