The interpretation of "bet365 champions league" and "zhan" and the "bet365 champions league field" in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties
August 27, 2021 08:20 Source: "bet365 champions league Social Sciences Journal" Issue 2239, August 27, 2021 Author: Yang Zhenhong

"bet365 champions league",Now usually refers to the bet365 champions league of a person or thing、bet365 champions league of object。"Shuowen Jiezi" mouth: "bet365 champions league,Pretentious。Congkou Congxi。Xi Zhe,Mingye。Not meeting each other,So he named himself by his mouth。"This explanation is not easy to understand,Therefore, there are many different interpretations by later generations。For example, Xu Kai's "Shuowen Jiezi Biography" said: "The ancients said, 'The bet365 champions league of the person who orders the world is' is true,This understanding。"Duan Yucai thinks,Xu Shen's explanation is based on "The Fuding has an inscription" in "Book of Rites·Ji Tong",Inscriber,Self-named”。The ancient text "Inscription",This article is mostly called "bet365 champions league"。The deceased’s inscription is signed at the end with “The coffin of a certain family”,The so-called "self-bet365 champions league"。The purpose of making inscriptions on utensils is to "praise the virtues of their ancestors",Sign your bet365 champions league below。These “names” do not need to be preceded by gold characters。Precisely because "ming" and "bet365 champions league" are common,So the Jin part of "Shuowen Jiezi" does not accept the word "ming"。But Zheng Xuan interpreted "inscription" as "engraving" when he annotated the scriptures;Liu Xi's "Shi Ming·Shi Yu" "Inscription,bet365 champions league,Remember his merits”;Lv Chen's "Inscription" in "Zi Lin",TiLeye”,None of them adopted Xu Shenshuo。(See Duan Yucai's "Shuowen Jiezi Annotation")

In fact,"bet365 champions league" has many meanings in ancient times、Usage,One of them is "bet365 champions league field"。"Mingtian" was first seen in "Historical Records·Biographies of Shang Jun": "Mingzunzunbeibei nobility rank,The fields and houses are named after their differences。”Everyone knows,This is the most important reform activity during the Warring States Period - an important measure of Shang Yang's reform。"The Ming Dynasty's nobility hierarchy" refers to Shang Yang's establishment and perfection of the twenty-level nobility system,To break the system of Shiqing and Shilu,Reconstructing the social hierarchy order。“The fields and houses are named according to their differences” is to establish the standard for the number of fields and houses “named” according to their title。

About the meaning of “bet365 champions league”,"Historical Records·Pingzhunshu" records the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Yuanshou (118 BC),Yantie Cheng Kong only、Dongguo Xianyang suggested: "Jia people have city registration,and their families,None of them have a bet365 champions league.,For the convenience of agriculture。" Sima Zhen's "Suoyin" explains: "It means that Jia people have city registration,Do not occupy land in your bet365 champions league。" "Hanshu Biography of Dong Zhongshu" contains Dong Zhongshu's words: "Although the ancient well field method is difficult to implement,Yishao Jingu,Restricted to civilian fields,Yi Dan is not enough,The road to annexation and annexation。"Yan Shigu's note: "Mingtian,Occupying Tianye。Each has its own limit,Don’t let the rich get out of control,It is sufficient for poor and weak families。"Du You's "Tongdian" basically copies Yan Shi's ancient annotations。All three use "bet365 champions league to occupy the field" or "occupy the field" to explain "named field"。

About "occupying",Contained in "Book of Han: Chronicles of Emperor Zhao",The wine tasting system was abolished in the sixth year of the First Yuan Dynasty (81 BC),Restore the rent system,"Let the people occupy rent according to law",Sell wine for four yuan per liter。Yan Shigu's note: "Zhan predicates self-hiddenness in fact,Defining the words。Zhan Yin Zhang supports the rebellion。The following is about the number of names,The meanings are the same。Today the debate on prison litigation is still called zhan,Everything is what he meant。”“Account” means self-declaring the actual quantity of wine sold,In order to pay taxes。Yan Shigu also said,The meaning of "Zhan" in "Zhan Renshu" and "Zhan Ren" is the same。Contained in "Han Shu·Xuan Di Ji",Three years of Dijie (67 BC),Emperor Xuan issued an edict to commend the Prime Minister of Jiaodong for pacifying the refugees,“The refugees account for more than 80,000 people”。Yan Shigu’s note: “Occupier”,bet365 champions league is also said that one’s registered residence is concealed by one’s registered residence。”bet365 champions league means that the people who have deregistered themselves and went into exile take the initiative to go to the government,Re-register household registration,What we call today’s household registration。The first meaning under the category "Zhàn" in "Chinese Dictionary": counting and reporting。"Historical Records Pingzhunshu": "Although there is no city registration,Everyone has his own thing,The rate is two thousand and one calculation。" Sima Zhensuo Yin: "Note: Guo Puyun'Zhan,Self-hidden degree’。bet365 champions league means each person conceals the amount of his property,As a gift to the official for the document。"The third meaning: "Self-reported household registration number and settled down。"The examples cited above are the "Xuan Emperor Ji" and Yan Shigu's Notes。In fact, the two meanings of "Zhan" are synonymous,The interpretation can also be further polished。

"bet365 champions league" and "occupancy" are all declared to the government by oneself,Determine rights, responsibilities and obligations。Therefore,Shang Yang’s Reform "Ming Zun Zun Bei Noble Rank",Each farm and house is named after its difference",It is to order the people to occupy a corresponding number of fields and houses according to their titles,And declare to the government on your own。However,Achieving this understanding has gone through a long process。There is very little information about the land system in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties in the handed down documents,Including only the above-mentioned "Biography of Shang Jun", "Pingzhun Shu", "Biography of Dong Zhongshu" and so on,As a result, there has been a long-term debate in academic circles on the form of land ownership in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties。Fortunately,Qin bamboo slips from Shuihudi since the 1970s、The unearthed materials of Han bamboo slips and other bamboo slips in Zhangjiashan,Provides valuable information to solve the above problems。

Sleeping Tiger Land Qin Bamboo Slips "Tian Lv": "Go into the land and cut grass,With the number of fields,No cultivation, no cultivation,Three stones in a moment、稾二石”,The earliest revelation that "land granting" was still practiced before and after the unification of Qin。Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips reflect the history from the early Han Dynasty to the second year of Empress Lu (186 BC),There is a lot of content about the land system,In particular, the "Second Years of Laws and Household Laws" retains complete provisions on naming fields and houses by title。From a semi-convict Sikou、A public soldier who has become an official but has no title、Shiwu、The 19th-level Guannei Marquis from a commoner to the 20th level,Can be distinguished by "bet365 champions league" 0.5 hectares、1 hectare to 95 hectares of fields and corresponding houses。"Unfortunate deceased,Let him choose the land first,I’ll do the rest。His son wants to be a householder,Think of it as a field。It is now a household without a farm or a house,The land and house are not profitable,Get profit。Zhaibubi,Not allowed。”It means: after the head of the household dies,The "queer" means the heir (the eldest son is the first heir) can have priority in inheriting the land and house corresponding to his title,If there is any left,The state awards it to others。"Xing" means awarding。If the remaining son of the head of the household separates and establishes a household,You can also give priority to others to inherit after the "post" inheritance,But it must be reduced by the same amount as the title。If he has established a household before,Insufficient number of fields and houses,can be topped up,But if the houses are not adjacent,Cannot be inherited。"Household Code" 323-324: "Everyone who is not a household、The Arita residence is named after someone,And those who are named Tianzhai,They all ordered soldiers to guard the border for two years,Submerged into Tianzhai County Magistrate。Named Tianzhai,Can you tell me first,Expel his crime,There is (also) a house named after it,It is like a law。” is the specific provision about “bet365 champions league”,Not the head of household、Arita Zhai also lets others give him a "bet365 champions league",And "bet365 champions league" for others,All are illegal,Be punished by guarding the border for two years,Confiscated fields and houses。Those who “bet365 champions league” others,If you are awakened,Report and expose,Not only can he be exempted from his crime,You can also reward him with these fields and houses。

From Qin Shang Yang’s Reform to Han Emperor Wen’s abolition of the famous land housing system,The state exercises strict control over fields and houses,bet365 champions league the land and house with the title,Implement land transfer,But the head of household is also allowed to pass inheritance、Buy and sell、Obtain the fields and houses corresponding to the title by reclaiming wasteland and other means,And,Must declare to the state promptly after acquisition,This is the meaning of the "bet365 champions league" of "Ming Tian Zhai",Determine the ownership of the land and house。This kind of “bet365 champions league” is conditional、Restricted,Cannot be regarded as all,But possession。

(The author is a professor at the School of bet365 champions league, Nankai University)

Editor: Chang Chang
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